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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 307 records · Page 17
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2018

Evolving Storage and Cyber Infrastructure at the NASA Center for Climate Simulation

This talk will describe recent developments at the NASA Center for Climate Simulation, which is funded by NASAs Science Mission Directorate, and supports the specialized data storage and computational needs of weather, ocean, and climate researchers, as well as astrophysicists, heliophysicists, and planetary scientists. To meet requirements for higher-resolution, higher-fidelity simulations, the NCCS augments its High Performance Computing (HPC) and storage retrieval environment. As the petabytes of model and observational data grow, the NCCS is broadening data services offerings and deploying and expanding virtualization resources for high performance analytics.

Cyberinfrastructure↗
NASA NTRS2019

Air Traffic Management Blockchain Infrastructure for Security, Authentication, and Privacy

Current radar-based air traffic service providers may preserve privacy for military and corporate operations by procedurally preventing public release of selected flight plans, position, and state data. The FAA mandate for national adoption of Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) in 2020 does not include provisions for maintaining these same aircraft-privacy options, nor does it address the potential for spoofing, denial of service, and other well-documented risk factors. This paper presents an engineering prototype that embodies a design and method that may be applied to mitigate these ADS-B security issues. The design innovation is the use of an open source permissioned blockchain framework to enable aircraft privacy and anonymity while providing a secure and efficient method for communication with Air Traffic Services, Operations Support, or other authorized entities. This framework features certificate authority, smart contract support, and higher-bandwidth communication channels for private information that may be used for secure communication between any specific aircraft and any particular authorized member, sharing data in accordance with the terms specified in the form of smart contracts. The prototype demonstrates how this method can be economically and rapidly deployed in a scalable modular environment.

air traffic privacy & authentication↗
NASA NTRS2014

Infrastructure and Process Improvements After LADEE

The purpose of the Lunar Atmosphere Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) mission was to measure the density, composition and time variability of the lunar dust environment. The successful mission launched Sept 7, 2013 and was de-orbited and impacted the moon's surface on April 17, 2014. The spacecraft had 3 primary science instruments, the Lunar Dust Experiment, Neutral Mass Spectrometer, and the Ultra Violet Spectrometer. The mission also had a Laser Communications payload that set a record download rate of 622 Mbps (megabits per second) from the moon orbit. The goal is to use the LADEE software base for upcoming smallsat missions. The onboard flight software for the mission was developed using a Model-Based Software methodology and agile software development practices. High level models were developed in Simulink, autocoded to C and layered on Core Flight Executive and Core Flight Software, VxWorks and required board support packages. Software package versions were frozen several years ago, and need to be brought to modern standards for future spacecraft missions. We are evaluating alternate Real Time Operating Systems and avionics architectures that comply with CubeSat form-factor and power limitations. In addition, the tool chain for the software development process has been improved. We will discuss the rationale, trades and implementation for the upgrade path after the LADEE mission.

Software Maintenance↗
NASA NTRS2019

Air Traffic Management Blockchain Infrastructure for Security, Authentication, and Privacy

Current radar-based air traffic service providers may preserve privacy for military and corporate operations by procedurally preventing public release of selected flight plans, position, and state data. The FAA mandate for national adoption of Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) in 2020 does not include provisions for maintaining these same aircraft-privacy options, nor does it address the potential for spoofing, denial of service, and other well-documented risk factors. This paper presents an engineering prototype that embodies a design and method that may be applied to mitigate these ADS-B security issues. The design innovation is the use of an open source permissioned blockchain framework to enable aircraft privacy and anonymity while providing a secure and efficient method for communication with Air Traffic Services, Operations Support, or other authorized entities. This framework features certificate authority, smart contract support, and higher-bandwidth communication channels for private information that may be used for secure communication between any specific aircraft and any particular authorized member, sharing data in accordance with the terms specified in the form of smart contracts. The prototype demonstrates how this method can be economically and rapidly deployed in a scalable modular environment.

ADS-B cybersecurity↗
NASA NTRS2019

Lunar Infrastructure and Surface Operations

The STMD Lunar Surface Innovation Initiative (LSII) aims to spur the creation of novel technologies needed for lunar surface exploration and accelerate the technology readiness of key systems and components. The LSII activities will be implemented through a combination of unique in-house activities, competitive programs, and public-private partnerships.

Vickers, John↗
NASA NTRS2020

Prospectives in Deep Space Infrastructures, Development, and Colonization

The realization of the long studied cost reduction benefits of reusable rockets is expected to revolutionize and enable both commercial deep space beyond Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) and solar system human colonization. The projections for a myriad of space commercialization activities beyond the current largely positional Earth utilities and Humans‐ Mars both safe and affordable may now be realizable. This report considers these putative commercial and colonization‐related activities, the emerging technologies, the space functionalities to support and further enable them, and envisions the nature of space developments beyond GEO going forward.

Bushnell, Dennis M.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

LunaNet: A Flexible and Extensible Lunar Exploration Communications and Navigation Infrastructure and the Inclusion of SmallSat Platforms

As NASA establishes a sustained presence on the Moon and ventures further into the solar system, the need for a robust interplanetary communications and navigation architecture increases. LunaNet, an extensible and scalable lunar communications and navigation architecture, is being developed to answer this growing need. The LunaNet architecture will provide users with three services: networking services, positioning, navigation and timing services, and science utilization services. With LunaNet in place, users will experience an operational environment similar to that experienced by users on Earth. The agency’s plan for solar system exploration necessitates both government and commercial participation, and the LunaNet architecture supports this goal as well, encouraging global participation from commercial and international partners, other government agencies, academia, and federally funded research development centers. This paper provides a high-level description of the LunaNet architecture, discusses how SmallSat platforms and technologies may provide critical capabilities, and defines the role that SmallSats can play within the architecture.

Communications↗
NASA NTRS2021

PatchworkWave: A Multipatch Infrastructure for Multiphysics/Multiscale/Multiframe/Multimethod Simulations at Arbitrary Order

We present an extension of the PatchworkMHD code [1], itself an MHD-capable extension of thePatch-workcode [2], for which several algorithms presented here were co-developed. Its purpose is to create a“multipatch” scheme compatible with numerical simulations of arbitrary equations of motion at any dis-cretization order in space and time. In thePatchworkframework, the global simulation is comprised of anarbitrary number of moving, local meshes, or “patches”, which are free to employ their own resolution, co-ordinate system/topology, physics equations, reference frame, and in our new approach, numerical method.Each local patch exchanges boundary data with a single global patch on which all other patches residethrough a client-router-server parallelization model. In generalizingPatchworkto be compatible witharbitrary order time integration,PatchworkMHDandPatchworkWavehave significantly improved theinterpatch interpolation accuracy by removing an interpolation of interpolated data feedback present in theoriginalPatchworkcode. Furthermore, we extendPatchworkto bemultimethodby allowing multiplestate vectors to be updated simultaneously, with each state vector providing its own interpatch interpolationand transformation procedures. As such, our scheme is compatible with nearly any set of hyperbolic partialdifferential equations. We demonstrate our changes through the implementation of a scalar wave toy-modelthat is evolved on arbitrary, time dependent patch configurations at 4th order accuracy.

Dennis B Bowen↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

In-Situ Surface Construction of Infrastructure

In situ resources offer an opportunity to reduce the amount of items brought from Earth when exploring moons and planets. Utilizing those resources requires energy that comes with a cost. In the case of human missions to Mars, trading surface power for launch mass is beneficial for propellant and consumables required to sustain human pioneering and settlement on the planet’s surface. However, In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) can mean far more than propellant production and consumables replacement for missions beyond Low Earth Orbit. NASA’s Systems Capability Leader-ship Team (SCLT) for ISRU created a work break-down structure based on functions identified in roadmaps pertaining to human exploration. That WBS includes Prospecting, Extraction, Processing, Construction, Manufacturing, and Energy. Over the years, NASA has developed some capabilities and technologies for prospecting, extraction, and processing carbon dioxide and water on Mars into propellants and life support consumables. However, that is a small subset of the ISRU needs that are coming to light with NASA’s push to return to the Moon for extended periods of time. For instance, astronauts require shielding from Ga-lactic Cosmic Rays and nuclear radiation and protection from the low temperatures and pressures in Space. Surface assets including crew, landers, and ascent modules can be damaged by surface ejecta during landing and launch operations on the Moon and Mars. Creating shielding, berms, and pads requires movement of large volumes and stabilization of regolith in the context of a civil engineering construction project. Because of the multi-disciplinary nature of the aerospace systems needed for human exploration, SCLT on ISRU created an ISRU Construction Integrated Steering Group that combines expertise among several NASA Principal Technologists and Capabilities Leaders for exploring options, assessing opportunities, and developing requirements for construction and manufacturing on the Moon and Mars NASA’s new program to develop Lunar landers for small, mid, and large payload deliveries to the Lunar surface leading to human missions by 2025 spawned an investigation into plume surface interactions caused by the lander during descent and ascent. The trade space to resolve this issue includes regolith stabilization via landing pad construction techniques and lander nozzles characteristics due to vehicle systems design. Some data exists from the Apollo missions but more is required for the missions ahead. The purpose of this paper [1] is to outline an approach for developing requirements that can guide systems designs while taking advantage of flight opportunities in NASA’s plans to return to the Moon.

In-Situ↗
NASA NTRS2020

Tempe Urban Development II: Establishing an Urban Heat Exposure Severity Score for Infrastructure Prioritization in Tempe, Arizona, Using NASA Earth Observations and LiDAR

Located in the northern Sonoran Desert, Tempe, Arizona, features a semi-arid climate with summer daily maximum temperatures regularly exceeding 37.8° C (100.0° F). The area has experienced an increase in surface and air temperatures due to a steep expansion of impervious surfaces and rapid urban development. Urban heat is an increasingly pressing concern for Tempe with hundreds of heat-related deaths and thousands of heat-related hospitalizations over the past 15 years in Maricopa County. Furthermore, urban heat impacts residents’ quality of life and the economic vitality of the city. Recognizing the impacts of extreme urban heat, the City of Tempe collaborated with the Healthy Urban Environments initiative and the Fall 2020 Tempe Urban Development II NASA DEVELOP team to utilize NASA Earth observations to investigate the drivers of highest heat throughout the city. Data from Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), and Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), American Community Survey, and LiDAR data were used to identify areas experiencing the worst heat effects that could be targeted for heat mitigation and adaptation. These areas included the Escalante neighborhood, Alegre Community, University Heights, and around Dwight Park. Additionally, according to our shading analysis, the Gilliland and Escalante neighborhood walksheds do not meet the "good" shading threshold set at 30% by the Maricopa Association of Government.

DEVELOP Project Summary↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Establishing an Urban Heat Exposure Severity Index for Infrastructure Prioritization in Tempe, Arizona, Using NASA Earth Observations and LiDAR

Located on the banks of the Salt River in the Sonoran Desert, Tempe, Arizona, features a semi-arid climate with summer daily maximum temperatures regularly exceeding 37.8°C. Tempe is also subject to the southwestern monsoon season from July-September and the humidity exacerbates the high temperatures. Furthermore, the rapid urbanization experienced in Tempe has resulted in an intensification of the urban heat island. The summer of 2020 shattered the previous record of days exceeding 43.4°C, leading to higher energy and water costs, lower comfort, and increased risk of heat stroke for residents. Recognizing the impacts of extreme heat, the City of Tempe partnered with the Healthy Urban Environments initiative and NASA DEVELOP to identify census tracts that experience a higher mean land surface temperature than the city average. The NASA DEVELOP team used remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), and albedo data calculated from Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) instruments from 2015 to 2020 to create heat hazard and exposure maps. LiDAR point cloud data, provided by the United States Geological Survey through Arizona State University’s Map and Geospatial Hub, were used to derive 3D buildings, building footprints, and tree point data for a shading analysis of walking paths, roads, and buildings at the census tract level. In situ meteorological measurements including air temperature and humidity were used to compare the macro-scale temperature measurements. The team worked with the City of Tempe to develop a methodology to process available data and identify areas of highest concern for urban heat effects within the city. With these insights, Tempe, Arizona can better address these issues with data-driven information to make decisions regarding heat mitigation and adaptation efforts.

John Dialesandro↗
NASA NTRS2020

Tempe Urban Development II: Establishing an Urban Heat Exposure Severity Score for Infrastructure Prioritization in Tempe, Arizona, Using NASA Earth Observations and LiDAR

Located in the northern Sonoran Desert, Tempe, Arizona, features a semi-arid climate with summer daily maximum temperatures regularly exceeding 37.8° C (100.0° F). The area has experienced an increase in surface and air temperatures due to a steep expansion of impervious surfaces and rapid urban development. Urban heat is an increasingly pressing concern for Tempe with hundreds of heat-related deaths and thousands of heat-related hospitalizations over the past 15 years in Maricopa County. Furthermore, urban heat impacts residents’ quality of life and the economic vitality of the city. Recognizing the impacts of extreme urban heat, the City of Tempe collaborated with the Healthy Urban Environments initiative and the Fall 2020 Tempe Urban Development II NASA DEVELOP team to utilize NASA Earth observations to investigate the drivers of heat exposure throughout the city. Data from Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), and Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), American Community Survey, and LiDAR data were used to identify areas experiencing the worst heat effects that could be targeted for heat mitigation and adaptation. These areas included the Escalante neighborhood, Alegre Community, University Heights, and around Dwight Park. Additionally, according to our shading analysis, the Gilliland and Escalante neighborhood walksheds do not meet the "good" shading threshold set at 30% by the Maricopa Association of Government.

DEVELOP Tech Paper↗