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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 307 records · Page 17
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1991

Lattice Boltzmann model for simulation of magnetohydrodynamics

A numerical method, based on a discrete Boltzmann equation, is presented for solving the equations of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The algorithm provides advantages similar to the cellular automaton method in that it is local and easily adapted to parallel computing environments. Because of much lower noise levels and less stringent requirements on lattice size, the method appears to be more competitive with traditional solution methods. Examples show that the model accurately reproduces both linear and nonlinear MHD phenomena.

Chen, Shiyi↗
NASA NTRS1992

Melting of the Abrikosov flux lattice in anisotropic superconductors

It has been proposed that the Abrikosov flux lattice in high-Tc superconductors is melted over a significant fraction of the phase diagram. A thermodynamic argument is provided which establishes that the angular dependence of the melting temperature is controlled by the superconducting mass anisotropy. Using a low-frequency torsional-oscillator technique, this relationship has been tested in untwinned single-crystal YBa2Cu3O(7-delta). The results offer decisive support for the melting proposal.

Beck, R. G.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Recovery of the Navier-Stokes equations using a lattice-gas Boltzmann method

A lattice Boltzmann model is presented which gives the complete Navier-Stokes equation and may provide an efficient parallel numerical method for solving various fluid problems. The model uses the single-time relaxation approximation and a particular Maxwell-type distribution. The model eliminates exactly (1) the non-Galilean invariance caused by a density-dependent coefficient in the convection term and (2) a velocity-dependent equation of state.

Chen, Hudong↗
NASA NTRS1992

Design of a lattice-based faceted classification system

We describe a software reuse architecture supporting component retrieval by facet classes. The facets are organized into a lattice of facet sets and facet n-tuples. The query mechanism supports precise retrieval and flexible browsing.

Eichmann, David A.↗
NASA NTRS1991

On lattice chiral gauge theories

The Smit-Swift-Aoki formulation of a lattice chiral gauge theory is presented. In this formulation the Wilson and other non invariant terms in the action are made gauge invariant by the coupling with a nonlinear auxilary scalar field, omega. It is shown that omega decouples from the physical states only if appropriate parameters are tuned so as to satisfy a set of BRST identities. In addition, explicit ghost fields are necessary to ensure decoupling. These theories can give rise to the correct continuum limit. Similar considerations apply to schemes with mirror fermions. Simpler cases with a global chiral symmetry are discussed and it is shown that the theory becomes free at decoupling. Recent numerical simulations agree with those considerations.

Maiani, L.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Extension theorems for homogenization on lattice structures

When applying homogenization techniques to problems involving lattice structures, it is necessary to extend certain functions defined on a perforated domain to a simply connected domain. This paper provides general extension operators which preserve bounds on derivatives of order l. Only the special case of honeycomb structures is considered.

Miller, Robert E.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Stochastic inflation lattice simulations - Ultra-large scale structure of the universe

Non-Gaussian fluctuations for structure formation may arise in inflation from the nonlinear interaction of long wavelength gravitational and scalar fields. Long wavelength fields have spatial gradients, a (exp -1), small compared to the Hubble radius, and they are described in terms of classical random fields that are fed by short wavelength quantum noise. Lattice Langevin calculations are given for a toy model with a scalar field interacting with an exponential potential where one can obtain exact analytic solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation. For single scalar field models that are consistent with current microwave background fluctuations, the fluctuations are Gaussian. However, for scales much larger than our observable Universe, one expects large metric fluctuations that are non-Gaussian. This example illuminates non-Gaussian models involving multiple scalar fields which are consistent with current microwave background limits.

Salopek, D. S.↗
NASA NTRS1992

A continuum model for interconnected lattice trusses

A continuum model for interconnected lattice trusses based on the 1D Timoshenko beam approximation is developed using the NASA-LRC Phase Zero Evolutionary Model. The continuum model dynamics is presented in the canonical wave-equation form in a Hilbert space.

Balakrishnan, A. V.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Interface dependence of band offsets in lattice-matched isovalent heterojunctions

Using a previously developed self-consistent dipole theory, we find that the interface dependence of band offsets for lattice-matched isovalent heterojunction is generally small. Specifically, we find the difference between the (001) and (110) band offsets for the common-anion heterojunctions AlP/GaP, AlAs/GaAs, AlSb/GaSb, and CdTe/HgTe to be, at most, 0.02 eV. An investigation of the various details in the calculations leads to an error estimate of +/-0.03 eV; the differences are therefore insignificant. For the noncommon-anion systems, the difference between two different bonding configurations of the (001) interface is noted. Although the differences between the various interfaces are found to be slightly larger than for the common-anion cases, the only significant difference is found to occur between the In-Sb and Ga-As (001) interfaces, where it is 0.1 eV. In this case, the (110) band offset lies midway between the two.

Lambrecht, Walter R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1956

Flow of Gas Through Turbine Lattices

This report is concerned with fluid mechanics of two-dimensional cascades, particularly turbine cascades. Methods of solving the incompressible ideal flow in cascades are presented. The causes and the order of magnitude of the two-dimensional losses at subsonic velocities are discussed. Methods are presented for estimating the flow and losses at high subsonic velocities. Transonic and supersonic flows in lattices are then analyzed. Some three-dimensional features of the flow in turbines are noted.

BOUNDARY LAYER - AIRFOILS - CASCADES↗
NASA NTRS2000

Evaluation of the Lattice-Boltzmann Equation Solver PowerFLOW for Aerodynamic Applications

A careful comparison of the performance of a commercially available Lattice-Boltzmann Equation solver (Power-FLOW) was made with a conventional, block-structured computational fluid-dynamics code (CFL3D) for the flow over a two-dimensional NACA-0012 airfoil. The results suggest that the version of PowerFLOW used in the investigation produced solutions with large errors in the computed flow field; these errors are attributed to inadequate resolution of the boundary layer for reasons related to grid resolution and primitive turbulence modeling. The requirement of square grid cells in the PowerFLOW calculations limited the number of points that could be used to span the boundary layer on the wing and still keep the computation size small enough to fit on the available computers. Although not discussed in detail, disappointing results were also obtained with PowerFLOW for a cavity flow and for the flow around a generic helicopter configuration.

Lockard, David P.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Applications of the Lattice Boltzmann Method to Complex and Turbulent Flows

We briefly review the method of the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE). We show the three-dimensional LBE simulation results for a non-spherical particle in Couette flow and 16 particles in sedimentation in fluid. We compare the LBE simulation of the three-dimensional homogeneous isotropic turbulence flow in a periodic cubic box of the size 1283 with the pseudo-spectral simulation, and find that the two results agree well with each other but the LBE method is more dissipative than the pseudo-spectral method in small scales, as expected.

Luo, Li-Shi↗
NASA NTRS2002

Force Evaluation in the Lattice Boltzmann Method Involving Curved Geometry

The present work investigates two approaches for force evaluation in the lattice Boltzmann equation: the momentum- exchange method and the stress-integration method on the surface of a body. The boundary condition for the particle distribution functions on curved geometries is handled with second order accuracy based on our recent works. The stress-integration method is computationally laborious for two-dimensional flows and in general difficult to implement for three-dimensional flows, while the momentum-exchange method is reliable, accurate, and easy to implement for both two-dimensional and three-dimensional flows. Several test cases are selected to evaluate the present methods, including: (i) two-dimensional pressure-driven channel flow; (ii) two-dimensional uniform flow past a column of cylinders; (iii) two-dimensional flow past a cylinder asymmetrically placed in a channel (with vortex shedding); (iv) three-dimensional pressure-driven flow in a circular pipe; and (v) three-dimensional flow past a sphere. The drag evaluated by using the momentum-exchange method agrees well with the exact or other published results.

Mei, Renwei↗
NASA NTRS2003

A Lattice Boltzmann Method for Turbomachinery Simulations

Lattice Boltzmann (LB) Method is a relatively new method for flow simulations. The start point of LB method is statistic mechanics and Boltzmann equation. The LB method tries to set up its model at molecular scale and simulate the flow at macroscopic scale. LBM has been applied to mostly incompressible flows and simple geometry.

Hsu, A. T.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Designer Infrared Filters using Stacked Metal Lattices

We have designed and fabricated infrared filters for use at wavelengths greater than or equal to 15 microns. Unlike conventional dielectric filters used at the short wavelengths, ours are made from stacked metal grids, spaced at a very small fraction of the performance wavelengths. The individual lattice layers are gold, the spacers are polyimide, and they are assembled using integrated circuit processing techniques; they resemble some metallic photonic band-gap structures. We simulate the filter performance accurately, including the coupling of the propagating, near-field electromagnetic modes, using computer aided design codes. We find no anomalous absorption. The geometrical parameters of the grids are easily altered in practice, allowing for the production of tuned filters with predictable useful transmission characteristics. Although developed for astronomical instrumentation, the filters arc broadly applicable in systems across infrared and terahertz bands.

Smith, Howard A.↗
NASA NTRS2005

High-Efficiency Multi-Junction Space Solar Development Utilizing Lattice Grading

Progress towards achieving a high one-sun air mass 0 (AM0) efficiency in a monolithic dual junction solar cell comprised of a 1.62 eV InGaP top cell and a 1.1 eV InGaAs bottom cell grown on buffered GaAs is reported. The performance of stand-alone 1.62 eV InGaP and 1.1 eV InGaAs cells is compared to that of the dual junction cell. Projected AM0 efficiencies of 15.7% and 16.5% are expected for the 1.62 eV InGaP and 1.1 eV InGaAs cells grown on buffered GaAs. The dual junction cell has a projected one-sun AM0 conversion efficiency of 17%. The projected efficiencies are based upon the application of an optimized anti-reflective coating (ARC) to the as-grown cells. Quantum efficiency (QE) data obtained from the dual junction cell indicate that is is bottom cell current limited with the top cell generating 50% more current than the bottom cell. A comparison of the QE data for the stand-alone 1.1 eV InGaAs cell to that of the 1.1 eV InGaAs bottom cell in the tandem configuration indicates a degradation of the bottom cell conversion efficiency in the tandem configuration. The origin of this performance degradation is at present unknown. If the present limitation can be overcome, then a one-sun AM0 efficiency of 26% is achievable with the 1.62 eV/1.1 eV dual junction cell grown lattice-mismatched to GaAs.

Stan, Mark A.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Micro Blowing Simulations Using a Coupled Finite-Volume Lattice-Boltzman n L ES Approach

Three dimensional large-eddy simulations (LES) of single and multiple jet-in-cross-flow (JICF) are conducted using the 19-bit Lattice Boltzmann Equation (LBE) method coupled with a conventional finite-volume (FV) scheme. In this coupled LBE-FV approach, the LBE-LES is employed to simulate the flow inside the jet nozzles while the FV-LES is used to simulate the crossflow. The key application area is the use of this technique is to study the micro blowing technique (MBT) for drag control similar to the recent experiments at NASA/GRC. It is necessary to resolve the flow inside the micro-blowing and suction holes with high resolution without being restricted by the FV time-step restriction. The coupled LBE-FV-LES approach achieves this objectives in a computationally efficient manner. A single jet in crossflow case is used for validation purpose and the results are compared with experimental data and full LBE-LES simulation. Good agreement with data is obtained. Subsequently, MBT over a flat plate with porosity of 25% is simulated using 9 jets in a compressible cross flow at a Mach number of 0.4. It is shown that MBT suppresses the near-wall vortices and reduces the skin friction by up to 50 percent. This is in good agreement with experimental data.

Menon, S.↗