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At least 307 records · Page 17

Unconventional bipartite entanglement in the quantum dimer magnet Yb2Be 2 SiO 7

The quantum dimer magnet, with antiferromagnetic intradimer and interdimer Heisenberg exchange between spin-1/2 moments, is known to host an (|$\uparrow$$\downarrow$$\rangle$ - |$\downarrow$$\uparrow$$\rangle$)/$\sqrt{2}$ singlet ground state when the intradimer exchange is dominant. Rare-earth-based quantum dimer systems with strong spin-orbit coupling offer the opportunity for tuning their magnetic properties by using magnetic anisotropy as a control knob. Here, we present bulk characterization and neutron scattering measurements of the quantum dimer magnet Yb 2 Be 2 SiO 7 . We find that the Yb3+ ions can be described by an effective spin-1/2 model at low temperatures and the system does not show signs of magnetic order down to 50 mK. The magnetization, heat capacity, and neutron spectroscopy data can be well-described by an isolated dimer model with highly anisotropic exchange that stabilizes a singlet ground state with a wavefunction (|$\uparrow$$\uparrow$$\rangle$ - |$\downarrow$$\downarrow$$\rangle$)/$\sqrt{2}$ or (|$\uparrow$$\uparrow$$\rangle$ + |$\downarrow$$\downarrow$$\rangle$)/$\sqrt{2}$. Our results show that strong spin-orbit coupling can induce unusual entangled states of matter in quantum dimer magnets.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Magnetically confined surface and bulk excitons in a layered antiferromagnet

The discovery of two-dimensional van der Waals magnets has greatly expanded our ability to create and control nanoscale quantum phases. A unique capability emerges when a two-dimensional magnet is also a semiconductor that features tightly bound excitons with large oscillator strengths that fundamentally determine the optical response and are tunable with magnetic fields. Here, in this study, we report a previously unidentified type of optical excitation-a magnetic surface exciton-enabled by the antiferromagnetic spin correlations that confine excitons to the surface of CrSBr. Magnetic surface excitons exhibit stronger Coulomb attraction, leading to a higher binding energy than excitons confined in bulk layers, and profoundly alter the optical response of few-layer crystals. Distinct magnetic confinement of surface and bulk excitons is established by layer- and temperature-dependent exciton reflection spectroscopy and corroborated by ab initio many-body perturbation theory calculations. By quenching interlayer excitonic interactions, the antiferromagnetic order of CrSBr strictly confines the bound electron-hole pairs within the same layer, regardless of the total number of layers. Our work unveils unique confined excitons in a layered antiferromagnet, highlighting magnetic interactions as a vital approach for nanoscale quantum confinement, from few layers to the bulk limit.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Magnetic resonance control of spin-correlated radical pair dynamics in vivo

Magnetic fields can influence reactions involving spin-correlated radical pairs (SCRPs). This provides a mechanism by which both static and time-varying magnetic fields can affect living systems at the biomolecular level. However, an engineered SCRP system conferring magnetic sensitivity to a non-native biochemical process in a multicellular organism has not yet been demonstrated. Here, in this study, we demonstrate control of SCRP dynamics using magnetic resonance in a live transgenic animal. We show that the emission of various red fluorescent proteins (RFPs), in the presence of a flavin cofactor, can be modified by a combination of static and radiofrequency magnetic fields applied near the electron spin resonance frequency. This effect was measured at room temperature both in vitro and in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, genetically modified to express the RFP mScarlet. These observations suggest that the magnetic field effects measured in RFP-flavin systems are due to quantum-correlated radical pairs with a coherence time larger than 4 ns. Our experiments demonstrate that radiofrequency magnetic fields can influence dynamics of reactions involving SCRPs in vivo, potentially enabling new methods for remotely controlling biomolecular processes, such as gene expression, and suggest broader potential for quantum tools in biology.

Burd, Shaun C. [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)↗

Dual nature of magnetism driven by momentum dependent f-d Kondo hybridization

The intricate nature of magnetism in uranium-based Kondo lattices is a consequence of correlations between U-5 f and conduction electrons. Previously, the source of magnetism has been ascribed to either Mott physics or Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction, both of which are not fully applicable to uranium-based Kondo lattices. Using linearized quasiparticle self-consistent GW plus dynamical mean-field theory, we demonstrate a crossover from incoherent to coherent f - d Kondo cloud in the paramagnetic phase of UTe 2 , USbTe and USbSe. As the transition occurs, we observe an augmented f - d coherence and Pauli-like magnetic susceptibility, with a substantial frozen magnetic moment of U-5 f persisting. We show that momentum dependent f - d hybridization is responsible for the magnetic moments arising from the renormalized f electrons’ van Hove singularity. Our findings provide a perspective to explain the dual nature of magnetism and the long-range magnetic ordering induced by pressure in UTe 2 .

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Curvilinear magnetic effects in helicoid nanotubes

We report the fabrication and characterization of ferromagnetic helicoid nanotubes with a tunable surface curvature and chirality. Through combining focused electron beam induced deposition and magnetron sputtering we realize these complex curvilinear magnetic architectures. Electron holography reveals two distinct states: a single domain remanent state, with a magnetic chirality governed by the geometric chirality, and a vortex-anti-vortex domain wall, preferentially forming at areas of lower curvature. Micromagnetic simulations reveal how the geometry, specifically pitch and local surface curvature, affects the stability and formation of magnetic domain walls. Furthermore, we show that the interplay between magnetic and geometric chirality has a strong impact on domain wall motion, whereby a right-handed geometric chirality leads to faster domain wall motion and a left-handed geometry hinders domain wall transport. The results shown here highlight the potential of 3D magnetic architectures in spintronic devices and offer insights into how geometry and curvature affect the magnetization, the distribution of magnetic solitons and the motion of domain walls.

3D Nanomagnetism↗

A new layered kagome strip structure Na 2 Co 3 (AsO 4 ) 2 (OH) 2 : static and dynamic magnetic properties

One-dimensional kagome strip chains share much of the same frustrated structural motif as two-dimensional kagome antiferromagnets, making them valuable for deepening our understanding of kagome lattice magnetism. In this paper, we report the hydrothermal synthesis and detailed structural and property characterization of Na 2 Co 3 (AsO 4 ) 2 (OH) 2 , a striped kagome system. The crystal structure was characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction which reveals that Na 2 Co 3 (AsO 4 ) 2 (OH) 2 crystallizes in monoclinic crystal system C2/m. The structure features a one-dimensional kagome strip lattice built from Co 2+ ions and undergoes an antiferromagnetic transition at T N = 14 K. The magnetic ground state at zero field was characterized using neutron powder diffraction. Below the magnetic transition, Na 2 Co 3 (AsO 4 ) 2 (OH) 2 orders into an antiferromagnetic structure with a k-vector (0.5, 0.5, 0.5). In the proposed model, the Co1 moment is predominantly confined to the ac-plane while the Co2 moment is primarily aligned along the b-axis. Two flat bands were observed in the inelastic neutron spectra below the magnetic transition, 5 and 10 meV. Inelastic neutron spectra were modeled with a Heisenberg Hamiltonian including three nearest-neighbor exchange interactions (J 1 , J 2 , J 3 ) and strong single-ion anisotropy to stabilize the observed magnetic structure. Our study highlights the complexity of Co 2+ -based kagome strip magnetic lattice compound Na 2 Co 3 (AsO 4 ) 2 (OH) 2 which provides an excellent platform to broaden our understanding of the frustrated kagome magnetic lattice space.

Liurukara, Duminda S. [Oak Ridge National Laborato↗

Simulated thermonuclear performance of auto-magnetizing helical liner MagLIF target implosions

Magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) implosions on the Z accelerator require magnetization of the fuel to reduce thermal conduction losses of energy from the laser-preheated deuterium fusion fuel to the surrounding liner material. While external field coils traditionally used to axially magnetize MagLIF targets are limited to 10–20 T (or perhaps ∼ 30 T with technological development), calculations suggest that higher axial magnetic fields would improve thermal insulation of the fuel and improve MagLIF target performance. We present results from three-dimensional radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of MagLIF implosions employing auto-magnetizing helical liners composed of discrete metallic helical conduction paths separated by electrically insulating material. These simulated auto-magnetizing (AutoMag) liners produce axial magnetic fields >30 T inside the fusion fuel prior to implosion. Simulations indicate that higher thermonuclear yields and burn-averaged fuel ion temperatures are attained for implosions using AutoMag liners compared to standard MagLIF implosions. Comparable implosion morphology is evident in synthetic x-ray images of AutoMag–MagLIF and standard MagLIF implosions.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

Sensitive dependence on initial conditions in a formation of magnetic vortices

The magnetic vortex exhibits promise as a true random number generator for hardware-based encryption and probabilistic computing due to its stochastic formation of energetically equivalent fourfold degenerate states, characterized by two topologies: polarity and chirality. However, a comprehensive understanding of the stochastic formation of magnetic vortices remains elusive. In this work, we show that the magnetization relaxation in asymmetric Permalloy disks evolves along a pitchfork bifurcation, with both bifurcation paths leading to the formation of magnetic vortices with the same chirality. In the bifurcation, one formation path is always chosen under weak in-plane magnetic fields, ultimately determining the final magnetic vortex state. By delaying the in-plane magnetic field, we quantitatively investigate when the final vortex state is determined and find that it is closely associated with the initial conditions rather than the bifurcation point itself. Our findings provide valuable insights into future spintronic-based encryption and probabilistic computing.

Jeong, Suyeong↗

Anomalous and planar Hall effects in Co 1−x Ho x thin films across the magnetic sublattice compensation temperature

Metallic amorphous ferrimagnets derived from alloying 3d transition metals with 4f-electron rare earths host fascinating effects of compensation between the 3d and 4f magnetic sublattices. Here, a detailed study of the anisotropic magnetoresistance (Δρ xx ), planar Hall effect (ρ xy PHE ), and anomalous Hall effect (ρ xy AHE ) is reported on a series of Co 1−x Ho x thin films over a wide field–temperature (H–T) phase space. Close to the magnetic compensation temperature, the ρ xy AHE –H loops show a double sign reversal and signatures of spin-flop transition at higher fields. The Δρ xx and ρ xy PHE also display strong deviations from the classical angular dependence seen in soft ferromagnets like permalloy as the angle ϕ between in-plane current and magnetic field is scanned from 0 to 2π. It is argued that the non-zero orbital angular momentum of Ho ions in the lattice and stabilization of bubble domains below magnetic saturation may be responsible for such features. Direct imaging of magnetic textures with x-ray photoelectron microscopy shows the formation of stripe domain patterns in the regime of sublattice compensation. Such stripes are likely to transform into magnetic bubbles before full saturation is reached in a large magnetic field.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Magnus force induced magnetic diode effect in skyrmion systems

We show that skyrmions can exhibit a “magnetic diode effect,” where there is a nonreciprocal response in the transport when the magnetic field is reversed. This effect can be achieved for skyrmions moving in channels with a sawtooth potential on one side and a reversed sawtooth potential on the other side. We consider the cases of both spin-transfer torque (STT) and spin–orbit torque (SOT). When the magnetic field is held fixed, the velocity response of the skyrmion is the same for current applied in either direction for both torques, so there is no current diode effect. When the magnetic field is reversed, under STT driving the velocity of the skyrmion reverses and its absolute value changes. Under SOT driving, the velocity remains in the same direction but drops to a much lower value, resulting in negative differential conductivity. For a fixed current, we find a nonreciprocal skyrmion velocity as a function of the applied field’s sign, in analogy to the velocity–current curves observed in the usual diode effect. The nonreciprocity is generated by the Magnus force, which causes skyrmions to interact preferentially with one side of the channel. Since the channel sides have opposite asymmetry, a positive magnetic field can cause the skyrmion to interact with the “hard” asymmetry side of the channel, while a negative magnetic field causes the skyrmion to interact with the “easy” asymmetry side. This geometry could be used to create new kinds of magnetic-field-induced diode effects that can be harnessed in new types of skyrmion-based devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Influence of minor Ce additions on magnetic and electrical properties in Fe–6.5 wt. % Si alloy

Fe–6.5 wt. % Si alloys exhibit lower core loss at higher frequency than the dominating electrical steel containing 3.2% Si due to its lower magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy (MAE) and higher electrical resistivity. However, compared to nanocrystalline and amorphous soft-magnetic materials, 6.5% Si steel, although being cost effective and having high saturation magnetization, still has much to improve, especially with respect to MAE and resistivity. To explore further improvement, the effects of minor Ce additions (due to its mixed valence 4f-electron configuration) on the microstructure, electrical and magnetic behaviors of Fe–6.5 wt. % Si alloys were investigated. Due to its limited solubility in Fe, Ce exhibits condition-dependent effects on electrical resistivity, showing only marginal improvement under rapid solidification. In contrast, Ce addition degrades magnetic performance, reducing saturation magnetization (from 1.86 to 1.76 T) and increasing coercivity (from 88 to 171 A/m), which results in an 83.4% increase in core loss (W 10/1000 condition). Overall, Ce addition provides limited benefit in electrical resistivity while deteriorating magnetic properties, making it ineffective for enhancing the soft magnetic performance of Fe–6.5 wt. % Si alloys.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Ultra-low magnetization and hysteresis loss in APC Nb 3 Sn superconductors

For the accelerator magnets of the next hadron collider, reducing superconductor persistent-current magnetization is not only important for achieving the desired field quality, but also crucial for its sustainability because the magnetization loss is the major heat load to the magnet cold mass. For conventional Nb 3 Sn conductors this requires reduction of effective subelement size (D eff ). For the restacked-rod-process (RRP ® ) conductors a physical subelement size (D sub ) as small as 35 µm (corresponding to a D eff close to 45 µm) can be reached, but at a significant price in J c . Another way to reduce the magnetization is by introducing artificial pinning centers (APC) using the internal oxidation approach. APC conductors outperform conventional Nb 3 Sn wires in two aspects: 1) higher J c at high fields, and 2) much lower J c and magnetization at low fields (e.g. below 5 T). Here, in this work we explored the fabricability of APC wires with small D sub . A 180-stack APC wire was produced and drawn to 0.7- and 0.5 mm diameters with good quality, with D sub s of 34 and 24 µm (D eff s of 36 and 25 µm), respectively. For the 34 µm-D sub wire, its non-Cu J c is higher than that of an RRP ® wire used for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project above 13 T (e.g. 36% higher at 4.2 K, 18 T), while its non-Cu magnetization at 1 T, ΔM(1 T), is only 29% of the RRP ® wire. Its non-Cu hysteresis loss for a cycle between 1 and 14 T, Q h (1–14 T), is 37% of the RRP ® wire. For the 24 µm-D sub wire, its non-Cu J c surpasses the HL-LHC RRP ® wire above 17.5 T, while its ΔM(1 T) and Q h (1–14 T) are only 17% and 23% of the RRP® wire, respectively. Its non-Cu Q h (±3 T) even meets the specification of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor project.

Xu, X [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL↗

Plasma self-driven current in tokamaks with magnetic islands

Magnetic island perturbations may cause a reduction in plasma self-driven current that is needed for tokamak operation. A novel effect on tokamak self-driven current revealed by global gyrokinetic simulations is due to magnetic-island-induced 3D electric potential structures, which have the same dominant mode numbers as that of the magnetic island, whereas centered at both the inner and outer edge of the island. The non-resonant potential islands are shown to drive a current through an efficient nonlinear parallel acceleration of electrons. In large aspect ratio (large-A) tokamak devices, this new effect can result in a significant global reduction of the electron bootstrap current when the island size is sufficiently large, in addition to the local current loss across the island region due to the pressure profile flattening. It is shown that there exists a critical magnetic island width for large-A tokamaks beyond which the electron bootstrap current loss is global and increases rapidly with the island size. As such, this process may introduce a size limit for tolerable magnetic islands in large-A tokamak devices in the context of steady state operation. On the other hand, the current loss caused by magnetic islands in low-A tokamaks such as spherical tokamak (ST) NSTX/U is minor. The reduction of the axisymmetric current by magnetic islands scales with the square of island width. However, the loss of the current is mainly local to the island region, and the pace of current loss as the island size increases is substantially slower compared to large-A tokamaks. In particular, the bootstrap current reduction in STs is even smaller in the reactor-relevant high-β p regime where neoclassical tearing modes are more likely to develop.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

Magnets are Weber Bar Gravitational Wave Detectors

When a gravitational wave (GW) passes through a dc magnetic field, it couples to the conducting wires carrying the currents which generate the magnetic field, causing them to oscillate at the GW frequency. The oscillating currents then generate an ac component through which the GW can be detected-thus forming a resonant mass detector or a nagnetic Weber bar. We quantify this claim and demonstrate that magnets can have exceptional sensitivity to GWs over a frequency range demarcated by the mechanical and electromagnetic resonant frequencies of the system; indeed, we outline why a magnetic readout strategy can be considered an optimal Weber bar design. The concept is applicable to a broad class of magnets, but can be particularly well exploited by the powerful magnets being deployed in search of axion dark matter, for example, by DMRadio and ADMX-EFR. Explicitly, we demonstrate that the MRI magnet that is being deployed for ADMX-EFR can achieve a broadband GW strain sensitivity of ∼10^{-20}/sqrt[Hz] from a few kHz to about 10 MHz, with a peak sensitivity down to ∼10^{-22}/sqrt[Hz] at a kHz exploiting a mechanical resonance.

Domcke, Valerie↗

Experimental observation of short-range magnetic correlations in amorphous Nb 2 O 5 and Ta 2 O 5 thin films

We use muon spin rotation/relaxation/resonance ( μ SR ) to investigate the magnetic properties of niobium pentoxide ( Nb 2 O 5 ) and tantalum pentoxide ( Ta 2 O 5 ) thin films. In both oxides, we observe a magnetic response at the lowest available temperature of 2.8 K. This response appears to be structurally dependent: thermally oxidized Ta 2 O 5 with low crystallinity demonstrates suppressed magnetism, while fully amorphous Ta 2 O 5 demonstrates local static magnetism. In contrast, amorphous Nb 2 O 5 is dominated by magnetic fluctuations and is strongly magnetically disordered compared to Ta 2 O 5 . Our results suggest that these fundamental differences in the magnetism of Ta and Nb oxides could explain the performance limitations in superconducting qubits and resonators.

Krasnikova, Y. V. [Fermilab] (ORCID:00000002893659↗

Understanding the impact of an applied axial magnetic field on efficient current coupling on the Z machine

Magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) is an attractive concept for producing thermonuclear fusion reactions. The MagLIF platform involves the operation of Helmholtz coils to apply a 15 Tesla axial magnetic field to the load region, where a cylindrical, fuel-filled metal liner is imploded by a ∼ 2 0 MA current pulse. The fringe field from these coils extends into the transmission line that delivers the current to the target. We investigated the extent to which this applied field disturbs the nominal power flow within that transmission line. A simplified model of the geometry shows that adding the applied magnetic field results in magnetic field lines that connect the cathode to the anode, suggesting electrons may not be magnetically insulated in this region. Particle-in-cell simulations indicated the addition of the applied magnetic field would not significantly impact the current delivery to the load. Velocimetry was used to experimentally assess the current delivery with and without the applied magnetic field. We find no measurable effects of the applied field on current delivery in the configuration investigated in this study. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

Structural and magnetic characterization of CeTa 7 ⁢O 19 and YbTa 7 ⁢ O 19 with a two-dimensional pseudospin-$\frac{1}{2}$ triangular lattice

Triangular lattice antiferromagnets are prototypes for frustrated magnetism and may potentially realize novel quantum magnetic states such as a quantum spin-liquid ground state. A recent work suggests NdTa 7 ⁢O 19 with rare-earth triangular lattice is a quantum spin-liquid candidate and highlights the large family of rare-earth heptatantalates as a framework for quantum magnetism investigation. Here, in this paper, we report the structural and magnetic characterization of CeTa 7 ⁢ O 19 and YbTa 7 ⁢ O 19 . Both compounds are isostructural to NdTa 7 ⁢O 19 with no detectable structural disorder. For CeTa 7 ⁢O 19 , the crystal field energy levels and parameters are determined by inelastic neutron scattering measurements. Based on the crystal field result, the magnetic susceptibility data could be well fitted and explained, which reveals that CeTa 7 ⁢O 19 is a highly anisotropic Ising triangular-lattice antiferromagnet (𝑔 𝑧 ⁡/𝑔 𝑥⁢𝑦 ∼ 3) with very weak exchange interaction (J ∼ 0.22 K). For YbTa 7⁢ O 19 , millimeter-sized single crystals could be grown. The anisotropic magnetization and electron spin resonance data show that YbTa 7⁢ O 19 has a contrasting in-plane magnetic anisotropy with 𝑔 𝑧 ⁡/𝑔 𝑥⁢𝑦 ∼ 0.67 similar as that of YbMgGaO 4 . The above results indicate that CeTa7⁢ O 19 and YbTa 7 ⁢O 19 with pseudospin-1/2 ground states might either be quantum spin-liquid candidate materials or find applications in adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration due to the weak exchange interaction.

Pan, Feihao↗

Biermann-Battery-Driven Magnetized Collisionless Shock Precursors in Laser-Produced Plasmas

This Letter reports the first complete observation of magnetized collisionless shock precursors formed through the compression of Biermann-battery magnetic fields in laser produced plasmas. At OMEGA, lasers produce a supersonic CH plasma flow which is magnetized with Biermann-battery magnetic fields. The plasma flow collides with an unmagnetized hydrogen gas jet plasma to create a magnetized shock precursor. The situation where the flowing plasma carries the magnetic field is similar to the Venusian bow shock. Imaging 2⁢𝜔 Thomson scattering confirms that the interaction is collisionless and shows density and temperature jumps. Proton radiographs have regions of strong deflections and FLASH magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations show the presence of Biermann fields in the Thomson scattering region. Electrons are accelerated to energies of up to 100 keV in a power-law spectrum. Here, OSIRIS particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, initialized with measured parameters, show the formation of a magnetized shock precursor and corroborate the experimental observables.

High-energy-density plasmas↗