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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 307 records · Page 17
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1974

Laser Doppler velocimeter measurements in a turbine stator cascade facility

A laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) developed for mapping the flow velocity downstream from a 32-inch diameter annular cascade of turbine stator vanes in described. The LDV measurements were taken in a plane located approximately 0.5 inch downstream of the trailing edges of the vanes. Two components of the mean velocity (axial and circumferential) were measured. The flow velocities were in the high subsonic range. The LDV optics are of the dual scatter type with off-axis collection of the scattered light. The electronics system is based on the measurement of the time interval corresponding to eight periods of the Doppler signal and has a range of 10 to 80 MHz. The LDV measurements are compared with previous measurements made with a pressure probe.

Seasholtz, R. G.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Calibration of a cylindrical RF capacitance probe

The calibration is considered of an RF antenna capacitance probe carried aboard the RAE-1 spacecraft and the correction of the probe for external effects, believed to be primarily due to local positive ion sheaths and/or photoelectron sheaths surrounding the antenna. The RAE-1 spacecraft was launched in July 1968 into a 5850-km. Circular orbit of 121-degree inclination and carried several antenna and radiometer systems covering a frequency range of 0.2 to 9.2 MHz for radio astronomical studies. The RF capacitance probe measurements discussed utilized a 37-meter electric dipole antenna formed by two monopoles made of silver-coated beryllium-copper alloy tapes formed into hollow cylindrical tubes 1.3 cm in diameter.

Mosier, S. R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Laser Doppler velocimeter measurements in a turbine stator cascade facility

A laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) developed for mapping the flow velocity downstream from a 32-inch diameter annular cascade of turbine stator vanes is described. The LDV measurements were taken in a plane located approximately 0.5 inch downstream of the trailing edges of the vanes. Two components of the mean velocity (axial and circumferential) were measured. The flow velocities were in the high subsonic range. The LDV optics are of the dual scatter type with off-axis collection of the scattered light. The electronics system is based on the measurement of the time interval corresponding to eight periods of the Doppler signal and has a range of 10 to 80 MHz. The LDV measurements are compared with previous measurements made with a pressure probe.

Seasholtz, R. G.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Scientific instrumentation of the Radio-Astronomy-Explorer-2 satellite

The instrumentation of the RAE-2 spacecraft is described. The instruments include a pair of long travelling-wave antennas, a 37-m dipole, two radiometers making one frequency scan every 144 sec, and two rapid-sampling total-power burst receivers which cover the range from 0.025 to 13.1 MHz in 32 discrete steps. Effects of terrestrial noise on RAE-1 and RAE-2 observations are discussed, and it is noted that RAE-2 is uniquely capable of observing repeated lunar occultations of strong radio sources at very low frequencies. Some observational programs are briefly noted, including observations of the galactic background distribution, measurements of lunar occultations of solar radio bursts, and searches for more radio sources among the planets, galactic objects, and extragalactic sources.

Alexander, J. K.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Search for radiation from the 2 pi 1/2, J = 5/2 state of interstellar CH

The note reports results of an unsuccessful search for the four hyperfine transitions in the cited rotational state of interstellar CH, which was performed using a 25.6-m radio telescope equipped with a traveling-wave maser radiometer. The frequency interval covered ranged from 4677 to 4850 MHz; the sources observed were W3 Cont, W51, Orion A, and IRC+10216. It is shown that the lines in the present excited state cannot be expected to be observed if the state is populated according to thermodynamic equilibrium at the kinetic temperature of the medium. The possibility is considered of detecting thermally excited CH in a more compact region and of detecting excited-state CH maser lines. It is concluded that no strong CH maser lines exist for the frequencies and sources covered.

Sume, A.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Tissue identification by ultrasound

The ultrasonic properties of animal and human soft tissue were measured over the frequency range of 1.5 to 10.0 MHz. The method employed a swept-frequency, coherent technique known as time delay spectrometry. Measurements of attenuation versus frequency on liver, backfat, kidney, pancreas, spleen, breast, and other tissue were made. Considerable attention was paid to tissue handling and in determining the effects of fixing on the attenuation of ultrasound in the tissue.

Lecroissette, D. H.↗
NASA NTRS1977

HF excited instabilities in space plasmas

It has now become technologically feasible to construct ground-based HF radar systems which can deliver RF energy to the ionospheric plasma, with power densities sufficient to alter the ionospheric electron thermal budget and plasma characteristics. Effects produced by a ground-based transmitter of a power aperture of the order of 10,000 Mw sq m in the frequency range from 4 to 12 MHz are shown in a graph. Another graph presents a profile of electron gas temperature enhancement due to energy deposition by a high power HF transmitter. The conduction of high-power HF ionospheric plasma experiments is discussed. Attention is given to plasma instabilities, wave-particle acceleration effects, spacial and time scales, parametric instabilities, spread-F, and the possibility of placing high power-aperture radars on an orbiting space platform.

Carlson, H. C., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Ultrasonic attenuation and velocity in AS/3501-6 graphite/epoxy fiber composite

The ultrasonic group velocity and attenuation were measured as a function of frequency for longitudinal and shear waves in the epoxy matrix (3501-6) and in the principal directions of the unidirectional graphite/epoxy composite (AS/3501-6). Tests were conducted in the frequency ranges 0.25 Mz to 14 MHz and 0.5 Mz to 3 MHz for longitudinal and shear wave modes, respectively. The attenuation increased with frequency for all wave modes, but the group velocity was independent of frequency for all wave modes. The effects of pressure and couplant at the transducer-specimen interface were studied and it was found that for each transducer type there exists a frequency dependent 'saturation pressure' corresponding to the maximum output signal amplitude.

Williams, J. H., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Microwaves to megabits

Receiver and terminal characteristics of the Mark 3 very long baseline interferometry system are described in some detail. The Mark 3 system has 14 IF to video converters, each with built in synthesized local oscillators which have a range of 100 to 500 MHz covered in 10 kHz steps. In the normal wideband continuum mode, all 14 upper and all 14 lower sideband video outputs (each with 2 MHz bandwidth) are recorded with a total data rate of 112 Mbits/sec. In geodetic observations, two IF bands are simultaneously recorded from a dual band (5/X) receiver.

Rogers, A. E. E.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Type 2 solar radio events observed in the interplanetary medium. Part 1: General characteristics

Twelve type 2 solar radio events were observed in the 2 MHz to 30 kHz frequency range by the radio astronomy experiment on the ISEE-3 satellite over the period from September 1978 to December 1979. These data provide the most comprehensive sample of type 2 radio bursts observed at kilometer wavelengths. Dynamic spectra of a number of events are presented. Where possible, the 12 events were associated with an initiating flare, ground based radio data, the passage of a shock at the spacecraft, and the sudden commencement of a geomagnetic storm. The general characteristics of kilometric type 2 bursts are discussed.

Cane, H. V.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Power spectrum of small-scale density irregularities in the interstellar medium

Observations of the interstellar scintillation of radiation from 17 pulsars are reported which are used to place limits on the power spectrum of small-scale electron density irregularities in the interstellar medium. Measurements made at 340, 408, and 450 MHz in the dispersion measure range 3-57/cu cm pc of the time-dependent radio frequency spectrum of interstellar scintillations were analyzed to determine the scintillation index and a scintillation frequency-correlation scale based on the autocorrelation function in radio frequency of the fluctuations in scintillation. The dispersion-measure dependence of the scintillation frequency correlation scale is found to be consistent with both Gaussian model interstellar medium spectra and power-law spectra with indices between 3.0 and 4, while the radio-frequency scaling of the frequency correlation scale is consistent with power law indices between 2.8 and 3.9. However comparison of the shape of the radio-frequency autocorrelation function with model calculations indicates power law models with indices greater than 3.6 are possible. Data are also consistent with a local three-dimensional density spectrum at a wave number of 10 to the -9th/m of 3 x 10 to the 28th to 3 x 10 to the 29th/cu m.

Armstrong, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Range safety signal attenuation by the Space Shuttle main engine exhaust plumes

An analysis of attenuation of the range safety signal at 416.5 MHz observed after SRB separation and ending at hand over to Bermuda, during which transmission must pass through the LOX/H2 propelled main engine exhaust plumes, is summarized. Absorption by free electrons in the exhaust plume can account for the nearly constant magnitude of the observed attenuation during this period; it does not explain the short term transient increases that occur at one or more times during this portion of the flight. It is necessary to assume that a trace amount (about 0.5 ppm) of easily ionizable impurity must be present in the exhaust flow. Other mechanisms of attenuation, such as scattering by turbulent fluctuations of both free and bound electrons and absorption by water vapor, were examined but found to be inadequate to explain the observations.

Pearce, B. E.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Waves In Space Plasmas (WISP): A space plasma lab active experiment

The Waves in Space Plasmas (WISP) series of Spacelab Space Plasma Labs devoted to active experimentation, are introduced. Space Plasma Lab-1 is keyed to active probing of the ionosphere and magnetosphere using controlled wave injections by the WISP VLF and HF transmitters, supported by a free-flying plasma diagnostics package instrumented with wave receivers and particle probe diagnostics, designed to measure radiation and propagation of plasma waves, precipitated particle fluxes due to wave/particle interactions, and similar phenomena resulting from wave injectons. The VLF transmitter delivers up to 1 kW of RF power into the antenna terminals over the range from 0.3 to 30 kHz. The HF transmitter delivers up to 500 W to the antenna over the range from 1 to 30 MHz. A dipole antenna commandable to any extension up to 300 m tip-to-tip is available.

Fredricks, R. W.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Decimetric type III radio bursts and associated hard X-ray spikes

For a relatively weak solar flare on August 6, 1981, at 10:32 UT, a detailed comparison is made between hard X-ray spikes and decimetric type III radio bursts. The hard X-ray observations are made at energies above 30 keV, and the radio data are obtained in the frequency range from 100 to 1000 MHz. The time resolution for all the data sets is approximately 0.1 s or better. The dynamic radio spectrum exhibits many fast drift type III radio bursts with both normal and reverse slope, whereas the X-ray time profile contains many well resolved short spikes with durations less than or equal to 1 s. Some of the X-ray spikes are seen to be associated in time with reverse-slope bursts, indicating either that the electron beams producing the radio burst contain two or three orders of magnitude more fast electrons than has previously been assumed or that the electron beams can induce the acceleration of additional electrons or occur in coincidence with this acceleration. A case is presented in which a normal slope radio burst at approximately 600 MHz occurs in coincidence with the peak of an X-ray spike to within 0.1 s.

Dennis, B. R.↗
NASA NTRS1948

Concepts and cost trade-offs for land vehicle antennas in satellite mobile communications

Several antenna design concepts, operating at UHF (821 to 825 MHz transmit and 866 to 870 MHz receive bands), with gain ranging between 6 and 12 dBic, that are suitable for land mobile vehicles are presented. The antennas may be used within CONUS and ALASKA to communicate to and from a geosynchronous satellite. Depending on the type of steering mechanism, the antennas are broken down into three categories; (1) electronically scanned arrays with phase shifters, (2) electronically switched arrays with switchable power dividers/combiners, and (3) mechanically steered arrays. The operating characteristics of two of these design concepts, one a conformal antenna with electronic beam steering and the other a nonconformal design with mechanical steering, were evaluated with regard to two and three satellite system. Cost estimates of various antenna concepts were made and plotted against their overall gain performance.

Haddad, H. A.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Gain-Compensating Circuit For NDE and Ultrasonics

High-frequency gain-compensating circuit designed for general use in nondestructive evaluation and ultrasonic measurements. Controls gain of ultrasonic receiver as function of time to aid in measuring attenuation of samples with high losses; for example, human skin and graphite/epoxy composites. Features high signal-to-noise ratio, large signal bandwidth and large dynamic range. Control bandwidth of 5 MHz ensures accuracy of control signal. Currently being used for retrieval of more information from ultrasonic signals sent through composite materials that have high losses, and to measure skin-burn depth in humans.

Kushnick, Peter W.↗
NASA NTRS1986

A variable-frequency local oscillator for the frequency-hopping technique

The frequency hopping technique described elsewhere requires the use of a local oscillator whose output frequency may be rapidly and accurately changed by a fixed frequency increment. Such a device, capable of producing 16 different frequencies separated by 50 kHz over the range of 35.02 to 35.77 MHz, has been built for the Urbana MST (mesosphere stratosphere troposphere) radar facility. The design and construction of that device is described and illustrated.

Stitt, G. R.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Striated spectral activity in Jovian and Saturnian radio emission

Examination of high time resolution frequency-time spectrograms of radio emission measured near the Voyager 1 and 2 encounters with Jupiter reveals occasional striation patterns within the normally diffuse hectometric radiation. The patterns are characterized by distinctive banded structures of enhanced intensity meandering in frequency over time scales of minutes to tens of minutes. This banded form of striated spectral activity (SSA) has an occurrence probability of the order of 5 percent during the three weeks before and after Jupiter encounters. Plots of single 6-s frequency sweeps often exhibit a slow rise in intensity followed by a sharp drop-off in each band as frequency decreases. Banded SSA is often preceded or followed by chaotic SSA in which banding of the emission becomes discontinuous or unrecognizable, although the intensity modulation is still evident. Although SSA normally occurs in the frequency range of roughly 0.2-1.0 MHz, similar but longer-lasting patterns have been found occasionally in decametric emission above 10 MHz. Analogous modulation has also been observed in the Saturnian radio emission, suggesting that SSA may be a common feature intrinsic to the radio emission at both planets.

Thieman, James R.↗