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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 307 records · Page 17
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Development of a Lunar Lander Modeling and Simulation Capability

The development and validation of a capability to perform quantitative, physics-based analysis of alternatives of conceptual unmanned, reusable lunar cargo lander architectures is discussed. The lander is conceptualized as a suite of disciplines that need to be sized, synthesized, and optimized for a mission. As such, models of these disciplines were developed and integrated in a recently-developed multi-disciplinary analysis and optimization framework for space systems. The development of the disciplines, as well as how they are integrated into the framework, is discussed. Additionally, validation studies were performed against the Descent Module of the Altair lunar lander. Finally, an example problem for an uncrewed, reusable lander is presented.

Eugina Mendez Ramos↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Lunabotics Robotic Mining Competition for Universities

Space Mining for resources such as water ice, and regolith, which contain many elements in the form of metals, minerals, volatiles and other compounds, is a necessary step for In-Situ Space Resource Utilization (ISRU). One of the primary goals is to extract propellants from the regolith and water ice, such as oxygen and hydrogen which could then be used for in-space transportation. In addition, the space mining system can be used for various construction tasks that can benefit human and robotic exploration as well as scientific investigations based on excavated exposed topography, such as the side walls of trenches. The National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) “Lunabotics” Robotic Mining Competition (RMC) is a university-level competition designed to engage and retain students in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). NASA has directly benefited from the competition by encouraging the development of innovative lunar excavation concepts from universities which has resulted in clever ideas and solutions which could be applied to an actual lunar excavation device or payload. The challenge is for students to design and build a remote controlled or autonomous 80 kg mass lightweight excavator, called a “lunabot”, which can collect and deposit a minimum of 10 kilograms of lunar simulant within 15 minutes. In recent years the goal has been changed to excavate a minimum of 1 kg of simulated icy regolith which is found under an overburden of regolith simulant. The complexities of the challenge include the abrasive characteristics of the lunar regolith simulant, the weight and size limitations of the lunabot, and the ability to control the lunabot from a remote mission control center or operate it autonomously. This presentation will summarize the results of the Lunabotics Robotic Mining Competitions held in May 2022. Each year, since 2010, over 50 university teams have attended, resulting in over 500 lunabot designs and subsequent prototypes. Over 6,000 university students have been part of the on-site competition at KSC, and many are employed in the space sector today with thriving careers. Even more students and the public were engaged via internet broadcasting and social networking media. Examples of how this translates to hiring opportunities for commercial sponsors will also be discussed. Overall, this competition has proven to be popular with multi-disciplinary university senior design classes and a valuable tool for NASA and academia in educating and inspiring the next generation of space engineers.

Lunabotics↗
NASA NTRS2022

Impact of Future Low-Emissions Combustor Technology on Acoustic Scaling Laws

The overall goal of a recent research project at the Raytheon Technologies Research Center, under National Aeronautics and Space Administration sponsorship, was to develop a first-ofits-kind database of detailed unsteady measurements characterizing noise sources of far-term advanced low-emissions aero-combustors. The program addressed the need for fundamental combustion-noise experiments which, in the near term, enable improvements to reduced-order models for use in system level noise assessments at the preliminary design stage for advanced air transport vehicles. In addition, optical measurement techniques were refined and validated for usage at the higher pressures and temperatures relevant to future combustor designs. In the long term, results from this program can be utilized to validate high-fidelity prediction methods suited for detailed multi-disciplinary acoustics/emissions combustor design. This paper concentrates on one aspect of the overall project, namely an examination of the legacy scaling laws for broadband combustor noise.

aeroacoustics, turbomachinery noise, combustor noi↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Impact of Future Low-Emissions Combustor Technology on Acoustic Scaling Laws

The work is a summary and further analysis of unlimited-rights acoustic data acquired under NRA Contract NNC16CA39C (September 2016 - November2019) with United Technologies (now Raytheon Technologies) Research Center, East Hartford, Connecticut. NASA/CR-20205011099/VOL1, https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20205011099. The overall goal of the Contract was to develop a first-of-its- kind database of detailed unsteady measurements characterizing noise sources of far-term advanced low-emissions aero-combustors. The program addressed the need for fundamental combustion-noise experiments which, in the near term, enable improvements to reduced-order models for use in system level noise assessments at the preliminary design stage for advanced air transport vehicles. In addition, optical measurement techniques were refined and validated for usage at the higher pressures and temperatures relevant to future combustor designs. In the long term, results from this program can be utilized to validate high-fidelity prediction methods suited for detailed multi-disciplinary acoustics/emissions combustor design. This presentation concentrates on one aspect of the overall project, namely an examination of the legacy scaling laws for broadband combustor noise.

aeroacoustics, turbomachinery noise, combustor noi↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

FAIR-ness Assessment of NASA’s Earth Observation System Data and Information System (EOSDIS)

This presentation addresses the challenge of evaluating a multi-disciplinary institutional network of data repositories in operation since 1994 against the relatively recent criteria that constitute FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data. NASA’s Earth Observation System Data and Information System (EOSDIS), with its 12 discipline-based Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs), preceded the definition and popularization of FAIR by over two decades. An assessment is very useful to describe how well the FAIR principles are met and to identify any improvements needed. In 2020, A “self-assessment” of EOSDIS and DAACs was performed by the ESDIS Project staff and the DAACs from the points of view of human actionability and machine actionability. More recently, a draft of a Science Mission Directorate (SMP) Program Directive (SPD-41a) has been released by NASA Headquarters for comment, where it is recommended that all SMD-funded data should follow the FAIR principles. This presentation is timely to initiate community discussion within the Information Quality Cluster (IQC) of the Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) and help strategize and develop implementation guidelines for EOSDIS and DAACs to conform to FAIR principles.

Remote sensing↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Cardiovascular Disease Spaceflight Equivalent Stressor Risk Modeling Project

The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) may be exacerbated by spaceflight hazards including radiation, isolation, distance from the Earth, gravity fields, and closed or confined environments. This project aims to use epidemiologic, scientific research evidence of surrogate spaceflight stressors on analog populations in terrestrial cohorts to model CVD risk for spaceflight conditions. To date, Dr. Butler and the multi-disciplinary CVD Spaceflight Equivalent Stressors (SES) team have conducted a formal systematic literature review on the risk of sleep loss as it relates to cardiovascular disease outcomes and are currently working on a meta-analysis for the data gathered from nearly 100 studies and their various CVD outcomes. The research will continue to examine other surrogate stressors in depth, such as altered gravity, radiation exposure, noise, etc. with cardiovascular outcomes to determine an overall combined spaceflight risk for long term future missions such as Artemis Lunar and Mars missions.

Jennifer Butler↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Models, In situ, and Remote sensing of Aerosols (MIRA)

The Models, In situ, and Remote sensing of Aerosols (MIRA) working group connects members of the different aerosol communities through collaborative projects. This abstract, additional details, and a list of current projects can be found at https://science.larc.nasa.gov/mira-wg/. Join our email distribution list of 200+ members at https://espo.nasa.gov/lists/listinfo/mira.In this talk, we will describe some current MIRA projects that are relevant to AeroCom (e.g., the Table of Aerosol Optics, or TAO) and the benefits of presenting your multi-disciplinary work at MIRA sessions and meetings. What is MIRA? MIRA is forum that fosters international collaborations amongst the aerosol Modeling, In situ, and Remote sensing specialties. MIRA advances scientific knowledge about aerosol properties and improves our understanding of air quality, weather, and climate through the pursuit of specific goals. MIRA emphasizes areas of study where the aerosol specialties overlap, and MIRA projects seek additional data and insight from others (observational and modeled). Why? The purpose of MIRA is to contextualize both observations and model results through the encouragement of holistic projects and collaborations. Linking aerosol disciplines removes gaps in understanding that hinder our interpretation of observations and model results. Such linkages improve our understanding of air quality, weather, and climate. How does MIRA differ from other working groups? MIRA focuses on interdisciplinarity to improve measurements and their utility, so MIRA complements the activities of other groups. Other interdisciplinary aerosol groups have different primary foci. For instance, AeroCom mainly focuses on improving global aerosol models, AeroSat focuses on strengthening collaboration amongst satellite aerosol retrieval groups, and ICAP focuses on aerosol forecasting. We hope that many MIRA projects engage these groups.

Gregory Schuster↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Exploitation of a Validation Hierarchy for Modeling and Simulation

Across engineering there is an evolving need to increase reliance on physics-based simulation to develop, design and optimize engineering systems. This increased reliance on modeling and simulation has highlighted a growing need to transform the confidence that modeling and simulation analysts have in their results into credibility for systems engineers to design and field systems more quickly and with less physical testing. For isolated components of a complex system, where a single discipline may drive product design, this is less of a concern as the relationship is often straightforward and easy to explain. However, when these isolated components are integrated, and are expected to operate in a multi-disciplinary context in which safety critical systems are involved, new concepts and model assurance standards are required. In this paper we address this challenge by showing how a model validation hierarchy can be exploited to identify those model validation experiments that will contribute most to increasing confidence and credibility of modeling and simulation predictions. The approach that is adopted contains four main steps. The first step is the construction of a model validation hierarchy that links subsystems, assemblies, and components to a hierarchy of physical experiments that can be used support model validation. This hierarchy connects the concerns of systems engineers to those of the modeling and simulation analyst in a clear and logical way. The structure and content of this hierarchy is then used in a second step to establish which physical phenomena have the greatest impact on overall system performance metrics. A gap analysis technique, based upon modeling and simulation concerns, is then used to prioritize the important physical phenomenon. Unfortunately, a common outcome of such gap analyses is the identification of many important gaps and so, in the final step of our process, we advocate the use of a global sensitivity analysis as a means to complete the prioritization.

Verification and Validation↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Advanced Concepts Office

Capabilities Overview: About the Advanced Concepts Office - ACO informs decision makers by providing rapid, Pre-Phase A concept designs and studies for space systems - Multi-disciplinary team representing all engineering disciplines - Work Pre-Phase A concept designs and studies - Analysis of alternatives - Quantitative technology assessments - Systems analysis and optimization

Eric C. Sholes↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Exploitation of a Validation Hierarchy for Modeling and Simulation

Across engineering there is an evolving need to increase reliance on physics-based simulation to develop, design and optimize engineering systems. This increased reliance on modeling and simulation has highlighted a growing need to transform the confidence that modeling and simulation analysts have in their results into credibility for systems engineers to design and field systems more quickly and with less physical testing. For isolated components of a complex system, where a single discipline may drive product design, this is less of a concern as the relationship is often straightforward and easy to explain. However, when these isolated components are integrated, and are expected to operate in a multi-disciplinary context in which safety critical systems are involved, new concepts and model assurance standards are required. In this paper we address this challenge by showing how a model validation hierarchy can be exploited to identify those model validation experiments that will contribute most to increasing confidence and credibility of modeling and simulation predictions. The approach that is adopted contains four main steps. The first step is the construction of a model validation hierarchy that links subsystems, assemblies, and components to a hierarchy of physical experiments that can be used support model validation. This hierarchy connects the concerns of systems engineers to those of the modeling and simulation analyst in a clear and logical way. The structure and content of this hierarchy is then used in a second step to establish which physical phenomena have the greatest impact on overall system performance metrics. A gap analysis technique, based upon modeling and simulation concerns, is then used to prioritize the important physical phenomenon. Unfortunately, a common outcome of such gap analyses is the identification of many important gaps and so, in the final step of our process, we advocate the use of a global sensitivity analysis as a means to complete the prioritization.

Verification and Validation↗
NASA NTRS2023

Advanced 2030 Turboprop Aircraft Modeling for the Electrified Powertrain Flight Demonstration Program

Electrified aircraft propulsion concepts are rapidly emerging due to their huge potential in fuel saving and mitigating negative environmental impact. In order to perform a linear technology progression and fairly assess the impacts of powertrain electrification, it is important to first establish parametric state-of-the-art baseline vehicle models with advanced technologies matured by 2030. For a regional turboprop (50-passenger) size class and a thin haul (19-passenger) turboprop size class, a current state-of-the-art technology reference aircraft (TRA) is identified and modeled using a multi-disciplinary analysis and optimization environment. Viable technologies for airframe and conventional propulsion system are then identified which are expected to be available by 2030. These technologies are parametrically infused in the TRA models to create advanced technology aircraft models, which will serve as the baseline models for future studies of powertrain electrification.

epfd↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Lunar Instrument Data Integration Into the Virtual Reality Mission Simulation System for Decision Communication and Situational Awareness

In situ resource utilization (ISRU) technologies are a key advancement required to make human habitation on the Moon and Mars viable. The upcoming Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover (VIPER) mission will provide crucial correlations between volatiles and lunar geology to understand the water content available for ISRU on the moon. The mission will require the coordination of multi-disciplinary teams across the country making real time decisions based on rover instrument data. The virtual reality Mission Simulation System (vMSS) is a virtual reality platform designed at MIT by the Resource Exploration and Science of our Cosmic Environment (RESOURCE) team to provide teams with a collaboration interface for planetary missions like VIPER. Herein we determine the integration pathway for analog based datasets that are examples of VIPER's two main instruments, the near-infrared volatile spectrometer subsystem (NIRVSS) and the neutron spectrometer subsystem (NSS), into vMSS to provide the most valuable visualization tools. Focusing on improving situational awareness, decision making, reducing task load and incorporating comments from scientists working previous analogs and on the current VIPER mission, we recommend critical elements to implement into vMSS and the best approaches for data visualization. We present a review of relevant analogs and state of the art mission software. We have developed a design concept and path to flight of analysed instrument data integrated with data maps that allow for virtual manipulation and annotation between non-co-located team members. We focus on pre-mission mapping of a priori data for improved situational awareness, layering of analysed instrument data, correlative mapping and interactive capabilities for in-mission decision making, as well as archiving and annotation tools for post-mission analysis. Finally, we lay out the roadmap for the future development of immersive sample site visualization capabilities and the use of integrated instrument data in vMSS with automated temporal and geospatial planning.

Cody Alison Paige↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Analysis and Optimization of Baseline Single Aisle Aircraft for Future Electrified Powertrain Flight Demonstrator Comparisons

The purpose of this study is to provide baseline single-aisle vehicles for future comparisons with NASA’s Electrified Powertrain Flight Demonstration (EPFD) turbofan-powered Vision Systems. State-of-the-art single-aisle transports with varying design capacities of 100 to 150 passengers are modeled using NASA Ames Research Center’s General Aviation Synthesis Program (GASP) as well as GASPy. GASPy is a modernized Python-based version of GASP built on the OpenMDAO framework to allow for future, efficient gradient-based optimization and coupled airframe-propulsion design. In order to meet projected NASA Aeronautics goals for 2035, advanced aircraft technologies must be incorporated into these vehicle systems. Methodology to parametrically infuse baseline aircraft models with advanced technologies simulating improvements in aerodynamics, structures, and propulsion systems is detailed, along with the results of technology sensitivity studies. Comparison of the baseline and advanced configurations will allow for future analysis of the benefits of future hybrid and fully electric aircraft concepts in the EPFD project, where fuel consumption and emissions will be modeled and assessed. This study has been conducted under the EPFD project to establish benchmark turbofan models and demonstrate System Analysis capabilities in multi-disciplinary aircraft design, analysis, and optimization for advanced turbofan concepts.

Carl J. Recine↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Large Impact Features on Icy Galilean Satellites: Implications for Ice Shell Thickness and Habitability.

Nowhere in the solar system are impact morphologies observed in greater variety than on the icy Galilean satellites. This is very likely a consequence of the structural and thermal state of the crust at the time of impact, and perhaps impact velocity. We have conducted a multi-disciplinary investigation to study how these features formed. The particular combination of geophysical factors and impactor characteristics that is shared by these satellites is likely responsible for these features. We have derived Digital Terrain Models for a number of these features, which have been used as a tool for producing facies maps. Impact features on Ganymede and Callisto are relatable to impact features on Europa, with implications for its ice shell history. We have identified two broad classes of these impact features: (a) Crater forms, which variously include pits, central domes, and crater rims; and (b) Palimpsests (including pene-palimpsests), which all have smooth enclosed central plains, an extensive outer undulating plains unit, concentric arcuate ridges(in the case of pene-palimpsests), and no recognizable rim. The very large, measured volume of the undulating plains unit of the pene-palimpsest Buto, Ganymede, substantially exceeds the amount of target material that could have been both melted and excavated by the impact event itself. Therefore, we conclude that the undulating plains material was derived from a fluid or “slushy” layer in the near-surface target at the time of impact. The recognition of undulating plains as the dominant unit in Memphis and Nidaba, two other palimpsests on Ganymede that we have mapped(which display highly variable crater counts, with Buto being the least cratered),leads us to a working hypothesis that these plains only form where and when the target has substantial near surface fluid or “slush.” By extension, all other impact features on Ganymede and Callisto, such as those with central pits and central domes, formed in targets with no pre-existing, or at most inconsequential, amounts of fluid or “slush.” Supporting this conclusion, modeling by members of our group indicates that the present topography of impact features with central pits and domes can be largely explained by the behavior of ice alone, with no or little contribution from fluids. Our study supports explanations for the formation and final appearance of palimpsests (and pene-palimpsests) that are entirely applicable to this feature class, and sharply distinct from explanations for other impact features (crater forms) on Ganymede and Callisto.

Jeffrey M Moore↗
NASA NTRS2023

Star-Exoplanet Interactions: A Growing Interdisciplinary Field in Heliophysics

Traditionally, heliophysics is characterized as the study of the near-Earth space environment, where plasmas and neutral gases originating from the Earth, the Sun, and other solar system bodies interact in ways that are detectable only through in-situ or close-range (usually within ∼10 AU) remote sensing. As a result, heliophysics has data from the space environment around a handful of solar system objects, in particular the Sun and Earth. Comparatively, astrophysics has data from an extensive array of objects, but is more limited in temporal, spatial, and wavelength information from any individual object. Thus, our understanding of planetary space environments as a complex, multi-dimensional network of specific interacting systems may in the past have seemed to have little to do with the highly diverse space environments detected through astrophysical methods. Recent technological advances have begun to bridge this divide. Exoplanetary studies are opening up avenues to study planetary environments beyond our solar system, with missions like Kepler, TESS, and JWST, along with increasing capabilities of ground-based observations. At the same time, heliophysics studies are pushing beyond the boundaries of our heliosphere with Voyager, IBEX, and the future IMAP mission. The interdisciplinary field of star-exoplanet interactions is a critical, growing area of study that enriches heliophysics. A multidisciplinary approach to heliophysics enables us to better understand universal processes that operate in diverse environments, as well as the evolution of our solar system and extreme space weather. The expertise, data, theory, and modeling tools developed by heliophysicists are crucial in understanding the space environments of exoplanets, their host stars, and their potential habitability. The mutual benefit that heliophysics and exoplanetary studies offer each other depends on strong, continuing solar system-focused and Earth-focused heliophysics studies. The heliophysics discipline requires new targeted funding to support inter-divisional opportunities, including small multi-disciplinary research projects, large collaborative research teams, and observations targeting the heliophysics of planetary and exoplanet systems. Here we discuss areas of heliophysics-relevant exoplanetary research, observational opportunities and challenges, and ways to promote the inclusion of heliophysics within the wider exoplanetary community.

heliophysics↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Enabling Collaborative Space Weather Research at the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC)

Space weather models have been actively developed by the international research community, covering extensive spatial and physical domains. Still, many of the ground-breaking models remain a granular effort, insulated from a wider research audience, particularly that in different domains, and possible end users. The Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC, https://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov) seeks to remove such barriers to collaboration and coordination by providing a convenient platform for hosting space weather models and associated services. Using these services, researchers and other end-users may exercise, evaluate, and intercompare contributed models, as well as collaborate on a continuously updated archive of model run results. Moreover, the multi-disciplinary science support team at CCMC facilitates and enables collaboration across domains. In our presentation, we will discuss the space weather model services at CCMC, including Runs-on-Request, Real-Time Continuous Runs, and Instant Runs. We will also review new and updated models added to the extensive collection of space weather models hosted at CCMC. We will focus on trends in model, service, and science support utilization at CCMC as a proxy to the most pressing needs of the collaborative modeling community.

space weather↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Extending ISS Life Beyond 2030

The United States On-orbit Segment (USOS) of the International Space Station (ISS) was designed to meet a 15-year on-orbit life. Since the first hardware was launched in late 1998, the ISS would have reached its end of life in 2013. With the realization that the ISS would be needed well into the next decade, and beyond, a multi-disciplinary effort was undertaken to extend the ISS’ life through 2028 and to show that further extension to 2040 and beyond is not only feasible but achievable. Currently, NASA and the ISS international partners have agreed to extend its operations through 2030. This collaborative effort ensures that the ISS will continue to serve as a hub for scientific research, international cooperation, and educational endeavors for the next decade. Maintaining a continuous human presence in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is desirable for testing new LEO, lunar, and deep-space technologies; conducting scientific research in micro-gravity for the benefit of life on Earth; and enabling a seamless transition of capabilities to one or more commercially owned and operated destinations. This paper provides an overview of the ISS life extension project with a particular focus on the analytical approach used to assess the primary structure. This analytical approach includes future operations planning, critical location screening, on-orbit dynamic load simulation, on-orbit optical property degradation studies, on-orbit thermal analyses, spectra generation, crack model idealization, fracture analyses, and post processing. Structural life results and identification of the most critical on-orbit events are presented. Also addressed are life extension approaches for other affected sub-systems, including: 1. Secondary Structure. 2. Materials. Evaluations consider environmental exposure to atomic oxygen, ionizing and gamma radiation, fluids, etc. Life limited materials, wear, and usage effects are also considered. 3. Environmental Control and Life Support Systems, including oxygen supply and generation, water recovery and management, and regenerative hardware. Evaluations are performed to determine which hardware can be run to failure and which are assessed for life extension. 4. Electrical power system. ISS is powered by eight channels of solar arrays and an electrical energy storage system providing 357 kWh power. Power generation and balance analyses are performed considering hardware degradation and increasing power demand. 5. Logistics and maintenance. Analyses are performed to determine critical spares required to maintain functionality. Consideration is given to supply chain health, obsolescence issues, onboard stowage availability, and up-mass capability. The successful life extension results have built confidence to safely operate, maintain and enhance the ISS well beyond the current decade. Extending the operational life of the ISS maintains an international presence in LEO and serves to avoid a gap in capability necessary to fulfill the exploration and research needs of NASA, international partners, and industry without interruption until a commercial space station is operational.

design life↗
DOE OSTI2025

Geothermal Collegiate Competition: Evolution and Impact

In 2010, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced the launch of its inaugural National Geothermal Student Competition. The competition was open to all colleges, universities, and other post-secondary institutions in the United States, and was labeled as the first-ever to address geothermal education. The GeoVision, published in 2019 by the Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO), stated that improving geothermal energy education and outreach is critical in reducing risks and costs of geothermal technology deployment. The key actions included improving public education and outreach about geothermal energy and providing resources intended to attract and inform a skilled geothermal workforce. Student competitions in particular have the ability to increase awareness of renewable energy fields by engaging multi-disciplinary students in compelling design challenges to prepare them for careers in renewable energy. GTO, in partnership with an administration team at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), currently supports the Geothermal Collegiate Competition (GCC), with the main objective of advancing and cultivating collegiate student knowledge and career interest in geothermal energy. The administrating team works toward growing the number of students and collegiate institutions engaged, as well as diversifying the scope of the student design challenges. The main intentions of this publication are documenting the competition’s evolution, setting a baseline for future GCC impact analysis and serving as a guide to other students’ competition design committees looking for ideas to capture and increase the interest of students in collegiate competitions.

Geothermal Collegiate Competition↗