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DOE OSTI2026

The Next Stage for Smart Cities: Metrics to Spur an Evolution from Technology for Efficiency to Technology for People's Needs

The Smart Cities movement is about a decade old, energized by the USDOT Smart Cities grant that sparked cities to dream big. Now, 10 years later, and multitudes of conferences and papers later, the biggest question regarding Smart Cities is whether any progress has been made? Smart Cities forums are typically led by the technology sector, either telecommunications, internet access, or most recently artificial intelligence (AI) concerns. Each of these areas have grown and found new applications in the context of Smart Cities, however, these technology applications are just tools toward ends. Do digital communications and assistance enable or foster improved access to real, tactile, non-virtual goods and services such as transportation, food, housing, trash removal, health care, education, social interaction? These and other topics are not 'big tech', but are each critical to quality of life outcomes and are day-to-day necessities, comprising many of the touch points through which citizens interact with municipal agencies. Regarding Smart Cities, relationships have not been fully refined as to how best to merge the emerging generation of technology and related trends with more mundane but essential requirements of tactile services. How should municipal managers and operators bring the range of new technology tools (e.g. on-demand transit, automated vehicles, digital connectivity) to bear to improve functions serving real- physical- non-virtual needs? How do we make cities more efficient in providing access to services and opportunities for improved quality of life? This paper examines the current Smart City movement, emerging trends, and the need to put metrics with respect to the delivery, access, and provision of real-life needs. Using a few case studies of past, present, and projected future scenarios, this paper attempts to bring Smart Cities into the real cities domain, perhaps pushing the moniker away from 'Smart' to 'Efficient' - something that can be measured, counted, and assessed. Through the consideration of the next stage of the evolution of cities from 'Smart' to 'Efficient', the combined efforts and experience of multiple researchers at the NREL and their network of collaborators highlights the need for updates metrics that can be used to start guiding efforts toward productive initiatives to improve quality of life.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2026

FINAL PROJECT REPORT SBIR Phase II Next Generation Power Converters for Distributed Wind Applications

Intergrid, LLC, based in Temple, New Hampshire, conducted an 24-month DOE SBIR Phase II research program to develop next-generation electronic power inverters and converters for the United States distributed wind (DW) market. The distributed wind segment is defined as turbines rated from 10 kW to 1 MW, a market segment that has been almost entirely blocked by the absence of UL1741-certified, commercially available inverters.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Next Generation Neutrino Oscillation Experiments: Challenges, Opportunities and New Physics

In the next 5+ years, three new neutrino oscillation experiments with be operating: JUNO, HyperK and DUNE. These three complementary experiments will expore the neutrino sector with unprecedented precision and detail. Most likely, neutrinos do not get their masses via the vanilla Higg's mechanism as for all other fermions, thus it is imperative that the neutrino sector be explored with similar precision as the quark sector. This talk will highlight the Challenges, Opportunities and Searches for Additional New Physics in these three experiments.

Parke, Stephen [Fermilab] (ORCID:0000000320286782)↗
DOE OSTI2026

Report of the 2026 Workshop on Next-Generation Ecosystems for Scientific Computing: Harnessing Community, Software, and AI for Cross-Disciplinary Team Science

Scientific computing is undergoing rapid transformation as advances in artificial intelligence, heterogeneous computing, automation, and data-intensive research reshape not only computational tools but also the institutions, workforce models, and collaborative practices that support scientific discovery. This report synthesizes insights from the 2026 Workshop on Next-Generation Ecosystems for Scientific Computing, the second in a three-year series focused on strengthening scientific computing ecosystems through socio-technical co-design. Workshop discussions identified four interdependent strategic themes: software ecosystems for AI-enabled scientific discovery; trust, validation, and traceability; human-AI teaming and paradigm shifts; and workforce, pedagogy, and governance. The report translates these themes into eight priorities for community action spanning shared research infrastructure, trust and traceability, user experience, human-AI teaming, workforce development, cross-sector coordination, stewardship and sustainability, and evaluation of scientific value. Together, these priorities outline directions for building scientific computing ecosystems that remain trustworthy, sustainable, innovative, and resilient as AI assumes a growing role in scientific work.

AI↗
DOE OSTI2026

AI-driven Neutrino Beam Diagnostics for Next-Generation Neutrino Experiments

The accelerator-driven beam uncertainty limits oscillation measurements in long-baseline neutrino experiments. Spill-resolved beam diagnostics and real-time inference are necessary to address these neutrino flux systematics. As such, we present a machine-learning-based beam monitoring framework developed and validated using data from the T2K experiment. Our approach uses downstream, spill-by-spill muon monitor observables to predict upstream parameters such as proton beam position and width. We achieve high predictive accuracy on nominal runs, demonstrating robust baseline performance whether the model is trained on stable runs or systematically varied conditions. The framework is designed to be robust against domain shifts, allowing the neural network architectures and inference strategies developed with T2K data to be retrained and validated using LBNF simulations, with the goal of eventual deployment under real LBNF/DUNE operating conditions. This scalable approach to real-time beam inference offers a pathway toward reducing flux systematics for next-generation neutrino experiments such as DUNE.

Aney, Noah [Fermilab; U. Chicago (main)]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Transforming Windows from Energy Liabilities to Zero-Energy Assets: Next-Generation Solutions for Buildings

Windows have traditionally contributed to a building's HVAC load, but they can also become a source of net energy gain or even operate as zero-energy components. For heating applications, highly insulating windows can harness more solar heat than the energy lost through them, transforming windows from energy liabilities to assets. Dynamic glazings provide further benefits by regulating solar heat gain, reducing cooling loads in summer and heating demands in winter. This simulation study focuses on developing the next generation of zero-energy windows (ZEW) for residential new construction. Through annual energy simulations across climate zones 1-8, ZEW performance benchmarks were established based on current code-level buildings, and we've identified the regions where meeting ZEW standards are most achievable. This work evaluates both static and dynamic window technologies, assessing their effects on annual energy use and cost. Key findings demonstrate that ZEW performance is achievable across diverse climate zones, with specific regional requirements. Most climate zones from 3-8 can achieve ZEW with specific configurations, while some warm climates (1-2) appear challenging for ZEW implementation. Climate zones 4-6 consistently allow for zero energy window implementation, offering multiple pathways through either static or dynamic window technologies. Colder climate zones (7-8) ZEW products allow for higher SHGC values while requiring low U-values.

Yu, Lili↗
NASA NTRS1977

Patterns of broad-beam antennas of different polarizations next to simple Hangar models

Broad-beam antennas of different polarizations radiating next to simple hangar models are investigated. Expressions that represent the elevation-plane patterns of slots in and 1/4 wavelength monopoles on a finite rectangular ground plane upon which a rectangular scattering object was placed were derived using geometrical theory of diffraction. These expressions were obtained by superposing the infinite ground plane solutions, reflected field solutions from the scattering object and diffracted field solutions in their respective regions of validity. Patterns for a 1/2 wavelength slot and 1/4 wavelength electric monopole are verified experimentally for a number of source locations. Data pertaining to the polarization question in regard to the multipath problem are presented.

Cockrell, C. R.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Developing the next phase in NASA's satellite communications program

Since 1973, NASA has conducted hundreds of user experiments and demonstrations using the Applications Technology Satellites ATS-1, -3, and -6, and the Communications Technology Satellite CTS. Now, projections show that the commercial demand will continue to increase, soon exceeding the current technology's capacity. The next phase in NASA's satellite communication program include 30/20 GHz Ka-band technology, extending the current work in advanced multibeam antennas; a narrow-band system and technology study that could lead to mobile and transportable communication developments; and studies of future uses of technology in communications.

Dement, D. K.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Planetary spacecraft pointing and control - The next 20 years

Pointing and control systems recommended for NASA planetary exploration missions of the next twenty years are discussed. The functional and operational requirements and design constraints imposed on the driving control system by the mission and science goals of the spacecraft are examined. Criteria for the selection of a pointing and control system type (spin, dual-spin, three-axis active or momentum bias) are outlined, including payload functional characteristics, orbital characteristics, vehicle configuration and mission duration, and candidate system types proposed for preliminary survey, detailed remote observation, deep space close scrutiny, near-sun close scrutiny and sample return missions are indicated. Trends in control system design are discussed, and key enabling technology areas that will require additional or new development are considered, with particular emphasis on laser and fiber optics gyros, CCD arrays and DMA signal/power transmission, bearings and motor technologies, directed at three-axis active and dual-spin implementations.

Mcglinchey, L. F.↗
NASA NTRS1983

An advanced control system for a next generation transport aircraft

The use of modern control theory to develop a high-authority stability and control system for the next generation transport aircraft is described with examples taken from work performed on an advanced pitch active control system (PACS). The PACS was configured to have short-period and phugoid modes frequency and damping characteristics within the shaded S-plane areas, column force gradients with set bounds and with constant slope, and a blended normal-acceleration/pitch rate time history response to a step command. Details of the control law, feedback loop, and modal control syntheses are explored, as are compensation for the feedback gain, the deletion of the velocity signal, and the feed-forward compensation. Scheduling of the primary and secondary gains are discussed, together with control law mechanization, flying qualities analyses, and application on the L-1011 aircraft.

Rising, J. J.↗
NASA NTRS1984

The next generation of reentry vehicles: NASA's view

The term reentry vehicle is used in the broad sense. The vehicles addressed include not only those that return from orbit to the Earth's surface, but also aeroassisted orbit transfer vehicles that use aerodynamic forces generated during atmospheric passes to achieve orbital changes with a smaller expenditure of energy than is required for an all-propulsion vehicle. Advanced reusable launch vehicles with special emphasis on system concepts and the influence of advanced technology on entry vehicle configuration are considered. Three categories of orbital transfer vehicles discussed: synergetic plane-change vehicles, planetary aerocapture vehicles, and LEO to GEO orbital transfer vehicles. While the orbital transfer and planetary vehicles are quite different from conventional winged Earth entry vehicles, synergetic plane change and high cross-range Earth entry vehicles have many similarities. Finally, a possible scenario for the development of the next generation of reentry vehicles is presented.

Walberg, G. D.↗
NASA NTRS1984

A next generation microdensitometer?

Motivations for construction of a next generation microdensitometer (NGM) are presented and their effect on the NGM design is discussed. A prototype of such an engine has been constructed at KPNO. Its design and performance is reviewed.

Monet, D. G.↗
NASA NTRS1982

The next generation microwave sounder for weather satellites

Microwave sounders are multichannel microwave radiometers for measuring atmospheric temperature (or humidity) profiles. These devices are also known as microwave spectrometers because a sounder typically has a number of channels measuring the spectral shape of an absorption line. Each channel of the sounder responds essentially to a given layer of the atmosphere. The characteristics of currently employed microwave sounders on satellites are briefly examined, and new features expected in connection with the introduction of the next generation sounders are discussed. There will probably be an increase in the number of oxygen channels with the objective to extend the weighting function height coverage into the stratosphere and to improve the temperature retrieval accuracy. Other features are to be related to better surface resolution, auxiliary channels, and water vapor sounding.

Shiue, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Observational parameters for remote sensing in the next decade

The spectral and spatial requirements for remote sensing in the next decade are presented. The requirements presented were obtained through extensive literature research and discussions with leading members of the various remote sensing research communities. In the 0.35-2.5 micron region of the spectrum, numerous bands will be needed at bandwidths as narrow as 10-20 nanometers. There is also growing interest in the thermal infrared (8-14 microns). Spatial resolution (instantaneous field of view) of 5 to 10 meters will be of great benefit to many fields of remote sensing.

Vane, G.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Space simulation in the next 20 years

This is a brief overview of logically expected advancements in the area of space simulation over the next twenty years. Current NASA Space Shuttle simulations will be upgraded to support more complex payload and on-orbit tasks. This includes the ability to integrate various remote ground facilities with a real time space mission simulator and an expanded use of efficient part-task simulations. Software compatibilities between simulators will increase and each simulator will have a more combined training and engineering role. Software development processors will be increasingly internetted to an integrated data processing system.

Knorre, M. J.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Space station - The next logical step

NASA has been charged with the development, over the next decade, of a permanently manned space station in low earth orbit. The space station system will comprise a manned base and associated unmanned platforms; while one of the platforms will be in polar orbit, another (or several) platforms will, like the manned base, have an orbital inclination of 28.5 deg. Because it is permanent, the space station will have to be semiautonomous from its mission control center. NASA will take a number of steps to foster the commercial utilization of the space station, and one of the design goals of the project is the definition of astronaut facilities that are very 'customer friendly'. Reliance on a single, program-wide contractor has been deemed undesirable; several major aerospace manufacturers will instead distribute responsibility among themselves for the various modules constituting the craft.

Beggs, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Planetary cartography in the next decade (1984 - 1994)

The cartographic products required to support science and planetary exploration during the next 10 years were assessed. Only major map series or first order maps needed to characterize the surface physiography of a planet or satellite were considered. Included in these considerations are maps needed as bases for plotting geologic, geophysical, and atmospheric phenomena and for planning future planetary exploration. These products consist of three types of maps: controlled photomosaics, shaded relief maps, and topographic contour maps.

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