Debates: Does Information Theory Provide a New Paradigm for Earth Science? Emerging Concepts and Pathways of Information Physics
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A simulation study has been made to determine a pilot's ability to control a low L/D vehicle to a desired point on the earth with initial conditions ranging from parabolic orbits to abort conditions along the boost phase of a deep-space mission. The program was conducted to develop procedures which would allow the pilot to perform the energy management functions required while avoiding the high deceleration or skipout region and to determine the information display required to aid the pilot in flying these procedures. The abort conditions studied extend from a region of relatively high flight-path angles at suborbital velocities while leaving the atmosphere to a region between orbital and near-escape velocity outside the atmosphere. The conditions studied included guidance from suborbital and superorbital aborts as well as guidance following return from a deepspace mission. In this paper, the role of the human pilot?s ability to combine safe return abort procedures with guidance procedures has been investigated. The range capability from various abort and entry conditions is also presented.
To reduce the space required for a stepping switch with many contacts, a simple electromechanical actuator with a maximum number of wipers has been incorporated into a compact assembly. This small sized unit is inexpensive to fabricate.
A unidirectional camera shutter employing a solenoid and mechanical linkages permits uniform exposure and minimizes distortion of the image formed in the camera.
A bridge circuit giving an adjustable output voltage that varies linearly with temperature is formed with temperature compensating diodes in one leg. A resistor voltage divider adjusts to temperature range across the bridge. The circuit is satisfactory over the temperature range of minus 20 degrees centigrade to plus 80 degrees centigrade.
Because of the extremely low density of the gas in Interplanetary space, the most important remaining mode of external heat transfer Is radiation. Studies of this phenomenon in its multiple ramifications are being made presently and will continue In both theoretical and experimental areas. These experiments should, most desirably, be made under conditions which duplicate outer space; otherwise, errors may be introduced which cannot be estimated and will only be discovered in the actual environment. Many facilities are presently available which will reproduce the space environment only approximately[1,2]. The facility which will be discussed here has as its goal, at least for the phenomena connected with radiation heat transfer, the provision of conditions in space as accurately as they are known. The conditions to be reproduced are: (1) the solar electromagnetic radiation spectrum; (2) the low pressure and density of space (∼10-14 mm Hg); and (3) the black radiation sink of space (4°K).
Damping effect of flat ring baffles on liquid sloshing in partially filled cylindrical tanks
Special test facilities under constuction at houston and their role in man-rated spacecraft programs
Damping factor from flat annular ring baffles to prevent excessive propellant motion in space vehicle propellant tanks
A low input power transistorized circuit is used to generate a staircase waveform of high step uniformity. Other characteristics are low step droop, fast transition time, and no feedback.
A dc analog input can be used to produce an integrator with high dynamic range or a position servo with inherent stability. This is done by a switching system using digital-to-analog converters and an electronic switch to obtain the desired outputs.
A ferrite-core holder, fabricated by casting an elastomer in a simple mold, simplifies the assembly of modular matrix units for computers. Use of the device permits the core leads to be multiply threaded and soldered to terminals, without requiring intermediate terminals.
A transistorized regulator converter efficiently converts fluctuating input voltages to a constant output voltage, avoiding the use of saturable reactors. It is nondissipative in operation and functions in an open loop through variable duty cycles.
The problem of feeding experimental animals during biological studies on rockets and balloons which last for only a few hours, or certainly not more than lO hours, does not arise.
Refractory metal foil sprayed with ceramic coating serves as evaporating boat for inorganic materials. The high thermal conductivity of this boat makes it useful with ohmic heaters.
Transparent sphere of polymethylmethacrylate with major zones and poles of cubic crystals is used to make crystallographic visualizations and to interpret Laue X ray diffraction of single cubic crystals.
Hydraulic drive device translates microinch deviation measurements into precise corrective displacements. The unit is driven by a servomotor activated by the output of an attitude sensing device.
Multiple-cell ion pumps with increased vacuum pumping speed are used for producing ultrahigh vacuums in vacuum tubes and mass spectrometers. The pump has eight cathode-anode magnetron cells arranged in a cylinder which increase the surface area of the cathode.