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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 307 records · Page 17
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Evaluating the X2 initial core zero power physics tests with Serpent-Ants

The validation of the Ants nodal neutronics code for VVER applications is started by modelling the zero power physics tests for the initial core of the Khmelnitsky 2 nuclear power plant as described in the X2 benchmark using the Serpent-Ants two step neutronics calculation chain. The Ants prediction compare favorably against an earlier continuous energy Monte-Carlo reference solution as well as the measured data, except for discrepancies in the SCRAM worth between predicted and measured values. Similar discrepancies have been previously reported for VVER-1000 reactors, and the Ants predicted SCRAM worths match well with the Serpent results. Additionally, the assembly power distribution and axial power distribution predicted by Ants for the critical HZP state of the reactor are also compared to a reference Serpent solution with very good results. Lastly, an investigation into the effects of the few-group structure used in the nodal calculations and the use or lack of leakage correction for group constants on the results shows that the best accuracy is reached with seven or eight energy groups without leakage correction, although a reasonable accuracy can also be obtained with two or three energy groups using fundamental mode leakage correction. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Spent Crystalline Silicotitanate Storage Study—Post AP-105DF Processing

A Tank-Side Cesium Removal (TSCR) system is under development by Washington River Protection Solutions to support initial production of immobilized low-activity waste (LAW) by feeding Hanford tank supernate from tank farms to the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) LAW Facility. Tank waste supernate will be filtered to remove suspended solids and then Cs will be removed by processing it through crystalline silicotitanate (CST) ion exchange media manufactured by Honeywell UOP, LLC. The Cs-loaded CST columns will be stored indefinitely, with a goal of eventual CST removal and treatment. Thus, the spent CST needs to be recoverable after undetermined storage time. Previous testing with AP-105 simulant showed that rinsing the CST bed with 3 bed volumes (1.4 apparatus volumes [AVs]) of 0.1 M NaOH resulted in a dried bed that maintained flow characteristics indicative of ease of recovery. This study explored the intermediate conditions (between feed dried in place and the 1.4 AVs of 0.1 M NaOH rinse) to evaluate CST bed properties after: 1) stoppage with feed in place; 2) stoppage after draining feed; 3) stoppage after 0.7 AV of 0.1 M NaOH rinse through column; 4) stoppage after 1.5 AVs of 0.1 M NaOH rinse through column. Post processing, each column was heated at 50 °C for 19 days under pseudo-storage conditions to simulate the expected dried and stored CST bed conditions. Testing was conducted at the small scale (12-mL bed volume); actual, Cs-depleted, AP-105 tank waste was used as the feed. Post-dried CST bed physical properties (angle of repose and penetration depth) were measured to evaluate how CST moved and flowed. All process stop-conditions resulted in a solidified CST bed except for the final condition, 1.5 AVs of 0.1 M NaOH rinse. At this small scale, the three CST beds presented an issue for retrievability after the short storage period (19 days at 50 °C). The latter case confirmed the results from simulant testing. The testing was intended to provide a preliminary assessment of issues that may arise from desiccation of CST during storage with the indicated salt solutions in place. Since these were small-scale tests, the processing system did not scale to full scale conditions exactly; however, the tests did provide insight into the impact on the dried and stored CST bed after stopping processing at an earlier step (upset condition) than normal. These results indicate that if an upset condition occurs at TSCR, a dilute hydroxide rinse should be considered before the CST dries from internal heating.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Biopolymer Concrete

Cement production for concrete has been responsible for ~7–8% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and nearly equally contribution for steel production processes (EPA, 2020). In order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, a novel solution has to be investigated. This project aims to develop fundamental mechanistic understanding and experimental characterization to create a 3D printable biopolymer concrete using plant-based polyurethane as an innovative and sustainable alternative for Portland cement concrete, with significantly low carbon footprint. Future construction will utilize the advances in digital additive manufacturing (3D printing) to produce optimal geometries with a minimum waste of materials. Understanding the polymerization process, factors impacting the composite rheology, and the structural behavior of this biopolymer concrete will enable us to engineer the next generation of concrete structures with low carbon footprint. This project aims to improve the nation’s ability to control Greenhouse Gas emission neutrality for the set goal of 2050 via introducing a structurally viable bio-based polymer concrete.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Optimizing liquid free ionomer binders for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for heavy duty vehicles

This report documents tech transfer from Penn State to Ionomer Solutions LLC for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cells are enticing power plants for heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) transportation because their elevated temperature operation fosters greater heat rejection through larger temperature differentials. In 2021, over 6 million battery electric light duty vehicles (LDVs) were sold. Conversely, only 19,000 LDVs using fuel cell power trains were sold in 2021. Given the meteoric rise of battery-based powertrains for LDVs and its projected growth, stakeholders for fuel cell technology for transportation have shifted their focus towards HDVs rather than LDVs given fuel cells specific and volumetric energy density advantage over batteries when the vehicle is large, heavy, and/or needs to move large distances before refueling.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Stellarators as a fast path to fusion

Herein this paper is focused on three points: (1) overcoming obstacles to tokamak power plants may require a configuration modification as large as that of a stellarator. (2) The demonstrated reliability of the computational design of stellarators should change fusion strategy. (3) Deployment of carbon-free energy sources is mandated by the thirty-year doubling of carbon dioxide emissions. Carbon-free energy options must be developed and fully deployed within a few doubling times. Unit size and cost of electricity are only relevant in comparison to alternative worldwide energy solutions. Intermittency, site specificity, waste management, and nuclear proliferation make fusion attractive as the basis for a carbon-free energy system compared to the alternatives. Nonetheless, fusion is not an option for deployment until a power plant has successfully operated. A critical element in a minimal time and risk program is the use of computational design as opposed to just extrapolation. Only the stellarator has an empirical demonstration of the reliable computational design through large changes in configuration properties and scale. The computational design of stellarators should proceed while the inventions necessary for a more tokamak-like power plant are sought. The cost of computational design is extremely small, but adequate time is required for the development of ideas that maximize attractiveness and minimize risk. Rapid power-plant construction without many intermediate steps may seem risky, but the price is small compared to the cost of trillions of dollars for each year's delay in addressing carbon-dioxide emissions.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Development of Genetic Algorithm Based Multi-Objective Plant Reload Optimization Platform

The U.S. nuclear industry is facing a challenge in maintaining required levels of safety while ensuring economic competitiveness to stay in business. Safety remains a key parameter for all aspects of light-water reactor nuclear power plant operations. Safety can become more economical by using a risk-informed ecosystem, such as the one being developed in the Risk-Informed Systems Analysis Pathway under the U.S. Department of Energy Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program. The Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program promotes a wide range of research and development activities to maximize both the safety and economic efficiency of nuclear power plants through improved scientific understanding, especially given that many plants are now considering second license renewals. The Risk-Informed Systems Analysis Pathway has two main goals: Deploy methodologies and technologies that better represent safety margins and cost and safety factors; Develop advanced applications that enable cost-effective plant operations. The Plant Reload Optimization Platform development project aims to build a reactor core design tool that includes reactor safety and fuel performance analyses and uses artificial intelligence to support the optimization of core design solutions. This report summarizes genetic-algorithm-based multi-objective fuel reload optimization activities, specifically: Developing the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II optimizer in the Risk Analysis and Virtual ENviroment (RAVEN); Demonstrating and validating the developed non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II optimizer using benchmark optimization problems.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

AOI.1 Application of Artificial Intelligence techniques enabling coal fired power plants the ability to achieve higher efficiency, improved availability, and increased reliability of their operations (Final Report)

During this effort, SparkCognition with support from the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) was tasked with applying artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the reliability, efficiency, and safety of operations at a coal-fired plant. By implementing AI techniques, like machine learning (ML), it is believed that operators can leverage existing data sources to gain more insights such as advanced warning of machine degradation. With enough lead time, a reliability engineer can take action to minimize, or even avoid, impact to production. To complete this work effort, SparkCognition developed and refined an ML-based model using sensor data for a Steam Turbine unit at a host site. The models were deployed in an online, web-based solution that allows users to visualize model outputs and supporting data. The final solution, based on SparkCognition’s proprietary software platform called SparkPredict®, was shared with EPRI who completed an online evaluation of results to determine the solution’s ability to detect actionable events.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Conclusions from 3 years of continuous capture plant operation without exchange of the AMP/PZ-based solvent at Niederaussem – insights into solvent degradation management

A many times heard mantra of solvent degradation management in amine-based post combustion capture is “keep the solvent clean” to minimize solvent consumption. It is assumed that the amine losses would decrease by the removal of metals, degradation products, and reactive trace components which are captured from the flue gas, like NO 2 (as potentially driving components of the amine degradation besides dissolved O 2 ). However, this theoretical hypothesis – based on results from laboratory experiments typically generated with fresh amines – disregards the complexity of the solvent matrix, interaction of potential metal catalysts with degradation products and oxidizing agents, and specific chemical requirements which must be fulfilled before a degradation mechanism can proceed. Degradation of the solvent CESAR1 (aqueous solution of 3.0 molar 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol (AMP) and 1.5 molar piperazine (PZ)) is investigated in a unique long-time test campaign (testing time up to now 40 months; 24/7 operation) without replacement of the solvent inventory at the capture pilot plant at the lignite-fired power plant in Niederaussem. Three solvent management strategies with different effect mechanisms are investigated and evaluated: (a) removal of only anionic compounds and trace elements (within 75 days solvent inventory treated two times) and anionic as well as cationic compounds and trace elements (114 days, inventory treated four times) from the solvent by ion exchange, (b) adsorptive removal of trace elements from the solvent by active carbon in 35% of the operating time, and (c) removal of >80% NO 2 by flue gas pretreatment with thiosulfate/sulfite solution (dosing for 2,000 h). The results of the testing program clearly show that “solvent cleanliness” is not a well-defined parameter and that results from laboratory tests, tests without fully representative industrial flue gasses, and short-term testing of monoethanolamine cannot be generalized for other solvents and industrial application. Furthermore, these results showcase that specific degradation management considering solvent, capture plant and flue gas quality is reasonable. Overshooting efforts for solvent management are contra-productive and produce unnecessary waste streams, efficiency losses and costs.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Techno-Economic Optimization of Advanced Energy Plants with Integrated Thermal, Mechanical, and Electro-Chemical Storage (Final Report)

The increasing use of renewable energy sources is leading to increased cycling of fossil-fueled power plants (FFPP) that are designed to operate at base-loaded conditions. Integrating energy storage facilities with the FFPPs can be helpful in reducing load-following operation of FFPPs. Decentralized deployment of energy storage facilities at the FFPP level has considerable advantages due to possibilities of smaller storage capacities, immediate benefits realized by the host power plant due to the increase in the efficiency, cleaner emission and higher plant life to name a few. Most importantly, deployment at the FFPP level can exploit the existing equipment items and facilities at the host power plant, thus reducing the CAPEX and reducing the storage capacity. However, realization of these benefits will critically depend on novel configuration/integration strategies with the least impact on the power plant operation and its configuration. Furthermore, dynamics of the entire integrated system including both the FFPP and the storage technologies must be taken into account to obtain the cost-optimal solution. With these motivations, the objective of this project was to complete a focused evaluation of decentralized deployments of energy storage facilities at the FFPP level. Promising thermal, chemical, mechanical, and electro-chemical storage technologies were evaluated with due consideration of their transient response to obtain various optimal system concepts that can minimize the levelized cost of storage. For thermal storage, cryogenic energy storage along with high temperature heat storage in molten salt as well as phase change material were evaluated. For mechanical storage, cryogenic air storage and pumped hydro storages were evaluated. For chemical storage, hydrogen storage was evaluated. For electrochemical storage, the team evaluated sodium sulfur, vanadium redox flow battery as well as Li-ion batteries. Integration of these storage technologies with the natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) and supercritical pulverized coal (SCPC) plants was considered. Six technologies, namely molten salt, cryogenics, compressed air, pumped hydro, H2 storage and Li-ion battery storage, were downselected based on their levelized cost of storage. It was observed that the ranking of the optimal storage technology can differ based on the host power plant technology even when same demand/supply/price profile for electricity are considered. It was also observed that as the variability in power demand varies, the ranking of the optimal storage technologies vary. However, for the same demand and LMP profile, top six optimal storage technologies for NGCC vs SCPC plants did not differ much even though LCOS for the same technology and optimal size of a given storage technology did differ. Detailed techno-economic assessment of these six technologies was undertaken.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2020

Spent Crystalline Silicotitanate Storage Study

Washington River Protection Solutions is working to support initial production of immobilized low-activity waste (LAW) by feeding Hanford tank supernate from tank farms to the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) LAW Facility. This goal incorporates the design of a Tank-Side Cesium Removal (TSCR) system, which filters tank waste supernate to remove suspended solids and then removes Cs by processing it through crystalline silicotitanate (CST) ion exchange media manufactured by Honeywell UOP, LLC. The 137 Cs-depleted product is intended to be sent to the WTP for vitrification. The Cs-loaded CST columns will be stored indefinitely, with a goal of eventual CST removal and treatment. Thus, the spent CST needs to be recoverable. The testing described herein looks to potential upset process conditions where CST storage may be required before various rinse steps are completed. This study evaluated upset conditions at three sequential processing steps envisioned for TSCR (feed, 0.1 M NaOH rinse, water rinse), and in-column drying with compressed air (normal end step) to assess impacts on the nature of the CST bed. Testing was conducted at the small scale (12-mL bed volume); simulated AP-105 tank waste was used as the feed. Following process disruption, the CST bed was dried in place at 70 °C. Post-dried CST bed physical properties (angle of repose, penetration depth, particle morphological changes) were measured to evaluate how CST moved and flowed. The testing is intended to provide a preliminary assessment of issues that may arise from desiccation of CST with the indicated salt solutions in place. Since these were small-scale tests, the processing conditions will not match full scale conditions exactly; however, the tests do provide insight into the impact of stopping processing at an earlier step than normal. Except for the feed that was dried in-place, all other process stop-conditions showed the CST bed flowed well after drying. At this small scale, CST beds would not present an issue for retrievability. The feed that was dried in place had solidified into a rock-hard monolith with no movement possible. Samples had to be chipped from the surface.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2025

Enhanced polymorph metastability drives glycine nucleation in aqueous salt solutions

Crystal nucleation from aqueous solutions influences countless geological, biochemical, astrophysical, environmental, and materials science–related phenomena, including ice formation, the manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients, development of diseases such as Alzheimer’s and the origin of life itself. Understanding and controlling nucleation is essential for designing materials with specific properties, developing strategies to inhibit or promote crystallization in various contexts and preventing pathological aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases. Similar to the protein structure prediction problem—where a single amino acid sequence can in theory adopt one most stable conformation but in practice may sample multiple competing conformations—crystal nucleation faces a parallel challenge: the same chemical species can form diverse polymorphs under different environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, pressure, solvent). Each polymorph presents its own set of physical and chemical properties, highlighting the importance of understanding and controlling polymorph selection in fields ranging from pharmaceuticals to materials design. Despite advances in experimental and computational methods for studying phase transitions and polymorph stability, nucleation remains challenging due to its nanoscale nature. Furthermore, in practical settings, salts and impurities can further influence crystal nucleation in diverse contexts, from scaling in pipelines and desalination plants to the durability of concrete and the efficiency of battery materials. This can lead to the formation of polymorphs that may differ from the most stable phase in pure solutions. Or, even though the final structure might appear same irrespective of whether the environment contained impurities or not, the mechanism through which it was formed might be completely different and not intuitive.

Wang, Ruiyu [University of Maryland, College Park,↗
DOE OSTI2025

A distinct class of ferredoxin:NADP + oxidoreductase enzymes driving thermophilic ethanol production

Biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass offers a transformative solution to reduce global fossil fuel dependency. Certain thermophilic anaerobes, including Clostridium thermocellum, show promise for renewable ethanol production due to their ability to break down plant material at high temperatures. However, achieving commercially viable ethanol yields has proven challenging despite extensive engineering efforts. Here, we characterized 27 ferredoxin:NADP + oxidoreductase (Fnor) enzymes for their enzyme activity, nicotinamide cofactor specificity, thermotolerance, and functional expression in C. thermocellum . We identified a subset of 10 of these enzymes as a novel class of Fnor enzymes suited for metabolic pathways aimed at high-titer ethanol production. When expressed in engineered C. thermocellum , these enzymes increased ethanol production up to 2.2-fold. These findings establish a novel ethanol pathway and provide insights into physiological roles and biotechnological applications of this new class of Fnor enzymes.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Impact of Nuclear Power Plant Energy Storage on Grid Reliability and Generation Costs with Variable Power Generation

This report examines the impact of combining integrated energy systems (IES), specifically hydrogen-based energy-storage systems, with nuclear power plants (NPPs) on grid reliability and generation flexibility in scenarios with substantial variable-power generation from solar energy. The analysis focuses on the challenges and solutions associated with high-levels of solar energy penetration, highlighting the role of advanced energy-storage solutions and flexible-generation technologies in enhancing grid stability and reliability.

29 - ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Systems and processes for recovery of high-grade rare earth concentrate from acid mine drainage

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to a continuous process for treating acid mine drainage while simultaneously recovering a high-grade rare earth preconcentrate suitable for extraction of commercially valuable rare earth oxides. In a further aspect, the preconcentrate is from about 0.1% to 5% rare earth elements on a dry weight basis. In another aspect, the disclosure relates to a method for processing the preconcentrate to generate a pregnant leach solution that does not form gels or emulsions and is suitable for processing via solvent extraction. In another aspect, the disclosure relates to a system and plant for carrying out the disclosed process. In still another aspect, the disclosure relates to a composition containing rare earth elements produced by the process disclosed herein. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

Ziemkiewicz, Peter F.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Development of Plant Reload Optimization Framework Capabilities for Core Design and Fuel Performance Analysis

The United States (U.S.) nuclear industry faces a challenge in maintaining required levels of safety while ensuring economic competitiveness to stay in business. Safety remains a key parameter for all aspects of light water reactor (LWR) nuclear power plant (NPP) operations. Safety can become more economical by using a risk-informed ecosystem, such as the one being developed by the Risk-Informed Systems Analysis (RISA) Pathway under the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program. The LWRS Program promotes a wide range of research and development activities with the goal of maximizing both the safety and economic efficiency of NPPs through improved scientific understanding, especially given many plants are now considering second license renewals. The RISA Pathway has two main goals: (1) deploy methodologies and technologies that better represent safety margins and cost and safety factors and (2) develop advanced applications that enable cost-effective plant operation. The Plant Reload Optimization Platform development project aims to build a reactor core design tool that includes reactor safety and fuel performance analyses, and also uses artificial intelligence to support optimization of core design solutions. This report summarizes Fiscal Year 2022 (FY-22) activity in platform capability developments in RAVEN. This platform performs simulations using industry codes for core design (i.e., PARCS) and fuel performance (i.e., TRANSURANUS) which will allow expansion of the capabilities to include advanced fuel designs such as accident-tolerant fuel (ATF)s with high burnup.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2021

A combined biological and chemical flue gas utilization system towards carbon dioxide capture from coal-fired power plants (Final Report)

Photosynthetic algal cultivation has been intensively studied for CO 2 capture and utilization for several decades. The footprint for using algae to capture CO 2 emitted from carbon-intensive industrial processes (power plants, cement plants, and fermentation processes) is extremely large, which creates serious technical and economic hurdles that must be cleared if algal technologies are to be commercially implemented. Fortunately, algal biomass is rich in proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, providing a good chemical source for organic absorbents and other value-added chemical feedstocks. In particular, amino acids from algal protein can be used to generate amino acid salt solutions that have been proven to be effective for capturing CO 2 . In order to take advantage of both algal cultivation and biomass utilization, the goal of the proposed project is to develop a combined biological and chemical system for coal-fired power plants for sequestering CO 2 in biological absorbents and generating value-added products. This approach significantly reduces the land and energy footprint of CO 2 capture, and minimizes capital and operational expenses. Three specific objectives are targeted: 1) optimizing the growth of the selected algal strain to maximize biomass accumulation from the coal-fired flue gas; 2) developing a cascade biomass utilization to produce amino acid absorbents, polyurethanes, biodiesel, and methane; and 3) conducting techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) of the proposed process. Three key technical outcomes were achieved: (1) With the selected robust algal strain and unique photobioreactor design, long-term culture stability can be extended, and algal biomass productivity reached 0.5 g dry biomass/L/day year-round at a biomass concentration of 1.2 g/L in the pilot photobioreactor; (2) The biomass utilization process led to complete utilization of the algal biomass to produce amino acid salt absorbent, polyurethanes, and methane; and (3) The combined biological and chemical flue gas utilization process concluded a technically and economically feasible commercial-scale system that completely captures CO 2 in coal-fired flue gas with greatly reduced energy consumption.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2024

Development of a rate-based ENRTL-RK process model for a water-lean solvent

Advanced water-lean solvents (WLS) for post-combustion CO2 capture offer several advantages over the aqueous amine solvents . WLS have lower parasitic energy penalty, lower corrosion, lower temperature and high-pressure CO2 regeneration leading to lower cost of CO2 capture. RTI International, with funding from the US Department of Energy, has been developing its novel water-lean solvent, that has shown specific reboiler duty of 2.3 GJ/t-CO2 at the 60-kWe pilot testing unit (Tiller Plant, SINTEF, Norway) and 2.6 GJ/t-CO2 at the engineering scale testing system (12 MWe) at the Technology Centre Mongstad (TCM) in Norway. All heat duties, including the one from TCM testing, were consistent with Aspen Plus modeling of the specific configuration of each test plant. This work focuses on the development of a detailed process model using in-house laboratory measurements and process data at pilot scale. The eNTRL-RK model used in this work is based on an unsymmetric activity coefficient model with the reference states chosen to be pure liquids for solvents and ideal dilute solution at unit solute molality (resulting in activity coefficient of unity at infinite dilution) for electrolytes. It uses the Redlich-Kwong equation of state for vapor phase properties and Henry’s law for solubility of supercritical gases. The model was validated using process data from the pilot-scale campaign at the Tiller plant, and the engineering scale test campaign at TCM. Data on CO2 capture rate, absorber, and regenerator temperature profiles and specific reboiler duties from two different test campaigns at Tiller and TCM, were used to further refine and validate the model and the model compares favorably to experimental data. The validation results against TCM campaign will be presented in this work.

CO2 capture↗
DOE OSTI2024

Key Strategies in Industry for Circular Economy: Analysis of Remanufacturing and Beneficial Reuse

Manufacturing, in the effort to be more sustainable, is increasingly focusing on energy efficiency and waste reduction. DOE's Better Buildings Better Plants Program has established Waste Reduction Network that works with 32 industrial partners to achieve higher material efficiency and reduce waste. United States generates 7.6 Billion Tons of industrial solid waste as estimated by EPA. In a linear economy as the economy grows, so does the waste – increasing strain on resources and the environment. The Circular Economy (CE) model keeps the available resources in circulation for longer period of time easing the burden on the environment.Remanufacturing and (Beneficial) reuse are widely accepted channels in 9R methodology and established pillars of CE. This chapter reviews the two key strategies and their adoption in different industrial sectors. It reviews the key barriers faced by manufacturers in implementing these methodologies and discusses the possible solutions to those barriers. The chapter also reviews impact of these CE strategies on sustainability, material efficiency and the economic and social benefits. Finally, this chapter presents two case studies from DOE's Better Plants partners – one on remanufacturing of components in heavy vehicles industry and one on beneficial reuse of spent foundry sand, a non-hazardous solid waste, and discusses the project impacts.

Chaudhari, Subodh↗