Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “pouch cell”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

295 records · Page 17
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

High-Voltage and High-Safety Practical Lithium Batteries with Ethylene Carbonate-Free Electrolyte

Serious safety issues are impeding the widespread adoption of high-energy lithium-ion batteries for transportation electrification and large-scale grid storage. Herein, a triple-salt ethylene carbonate (EC) free electrolyte for high-safety and high-energy pouch-type LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 |graphite (NMC811|Gr) cells is reported. This EC-free electrolyte can effectively stabilize the NMC811 surface under high potential (up to 4.5 V), as well as generate a stable interphase to achieve a superior compatibility with the Gr anode. The electrolyte strategy enables significantly enhanced intrinsic safety (trigger temperature of thermal runaway (TR) increased by 67.0 °C), excellent electrochemical properties (4.2V, ≈100% after 200 cycles), and superior high voltage stability (4.5 V, 82.1% after 200 cycles). Furthermore, the work opens up a new avenue for developing novel electrolyte systems to build safer high-energy batteries for practical applications.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Ultrasonic nondestructive diagnosis of lithium-ion batteries with multiple frequencies

Accurately estimating the state of charge (SoC) in battery management systems (BMSs) requires the measurement of numerous parameters and advanced algorithms. This work studies multifrequency ultrasonic waves to estimate the SoC of Li-ion batteries by sensing the material changes during charge/discharge. A pouch-type LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 (NMC622) graphite battery cell is designed and fabricated with a capacity of 2.4 Ah. Different ultrasonic testing setups are explored to determine the optimal testing parameters for the battery. An ultrasonic monitoring system is developed to monitor the battery during charge/discharge at 750 kHz, 1 MHz, and 1.5 MHz. Signal processing algorithms are proposed for extracting three ultrasonic features—amplitude, wave velocity, and attenuation. In a three-cycle test, the amplitude histories do not show clear correlations with the SoC. The wave velocities of all three frequencies have an approximately linear relationship with the SoC, which can be used for SoC estimation. Hysteresis behavior is observed for the wave velocity in terms of a larger slope in the discharge process and velocity drop after a close charge/discharge cycle. The wave attenuation is able to capture the material phase transitions during charge/discharge.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Highly textured metal anodes for stable aqueous batteries: Fabrication and characterization

We report a purely mechanical “cold-compression flow” method for fabricating Zn, Sn, and In substrates with tunable crystallographic textures. Using textured Zn as a model system, we investigate Zn electrocrystallization and demonstrate correlated growth of crystalline films with correlation lengths from tens to hundreds of micrometers. At 5 milliamperes per square centimeter (mA/cm 2 ), capacities between 20 and 82 milliampere hours per square centimeter (mA·hour/cm 2 ) are achieved depending on substrate texture level. At higher currents (40 mA/cm 2 ), capacities reach up to 604 mA·hour/cm 2 . Rotating disk electrode studies show that dominantly (002) textured Zn substrates exhibit enhanced corrosion resistance and reduced interphase passivation. We introduce an effective Damköhler number (Da*) to concisely describe morphological evolution during electrocrystallization across substrates with different textures. High-texture (002) Zn substrates substantially enhance performance in high-capacity (~20 mA·hour/cm 2 ) symmetric Zn||Zn cells and full cells (Zn||δ-MnO 2 and Zn||I 2 ), enabling fast-charging and prolonged energy storage in coin and pouch rechargeable Zn battery formats.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗
DOE OSTI2025

Development of copper thiolate organometallic compound as thermal sensitive coating for energy storage system safety

Safety and reliability are primary concerns for the deployment of lithium-ion batteries, especially in electric vehicles (EV) and larger-scale energy storage systems (ESS). Current technology in battery management systems (BMS) includes cell voltage monitoring and positioning temperature sensors in selected locations. For a system with hundreds to thousands of individual batteries, single-point temperature monitoring is inadequate to detect hot spots and cell overheating, which could lead to thermal runaway. Here, we have developed a temperature-sensitive copper-thiol compound that can be directly coated onto battery pouch foils to enable early detection of thermal runaway. Upon reaching specific temperatures, this compound releases a sulfur-containing detectable gas, which can be identified using chemically specific gas sensors to trigger an early warning signal. Such a signal propagate through air offers broad signal coverage and enables a more comprehensive approach to large-area temperature monitoring. The Cu-ethanethiol coating is designed to release volatile gases when the substrate surface temperature exceeds 70 °C, with continuous outgassing as the temperature increases. The compound is composed of Cu, S, Cl, hydrocarbons and trace amounts of oxygen. Upon heating, the oxidation state of Cu(I) transitions to Cu (II), accompanied by gas release. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry correlated well with the onset of gas release temperature and emission of sulfur-containing volatile gases. Additionally, an acrylic overcoat is applied to enhance the adhesion of the thermally sensitive compound film to the battery pouch foil. This coating is expected to offer an additional safety layer for ESS, alerting possible thermal runaway events before a failure occurs, thereby allowing sufficient time to implement a mitigation plan.

Early warning systems↗
DOE OSTI2021

Communication—Impact Behaviors of Pouch and Prismatic Battery Modules

The responses of pouch and prismatic battery modules when they are impacted by two types of indenters from three different directions are investigated experimentally. The test results show that the failure mechanism, peak force and penetration that leads to short-circuit in modules strongly depend on the impact direction, indenter shape, cell form factor and module design. It sheds lights on the abuse tolerance of batteries in different scenarios and demonstrates that the cell type, orientation and module structure should be considered simultaneously in order to improve the battery safety in electrical vehicles.

Electrochemistry↗
DOE OSTI2022

Design of a multi-functional gel polymer electrolyte with a 3D compact stacked polymer micro-sphere matrix for high-performance lithium metal batteries

We report lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are considered as promising high energy density batteries. However, they still suffer from poor cyclability due to the instability of solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) and Li dendrite issues. Herein, a novel 3D densely packed multifunctional crosslinked gel polymer electrolyte (PHGPE) has been synthesized by in situ copolymerization of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate in a liquid electrolyte via a thermal initiation method. Due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the frameworks, the PHGPE exhibits a 3D compact-stacked and crosslinked micro-sphere structure, which benefits the construction of homogeneous Li + flux, enabling uniform Li plating/stripping and formation of robust SEIs onto the lithium electrode. Benefiting from the above advantages, symmetric Li cells in the PHGPE deliver excellent cyclabilities of 6000 h at a current density of 1 mA cm -2 (1 mA h cm -2 ) and 7700 h at 0.5 mA cm -2 (2 mA h cm -2 ). Moreover, the PHGPE has such a wide electrochemical window that it is compatible with both high-voltage LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 and sulfur cathodes to realize long cycle life. Additionally, a LiFePO 4 based pouch size LMB also presents promising performance. Therefore, this study of the PHGPE has opened a new avenue for high-performance LMBs with excellent versatility and practicality.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

A novel conjugative transposon carrying an autonomously amplified plasmid

Tetracyclines serve as broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. The discovery of new tetracycline resistance genes has led to new questions about the underlying mechanisms of resistance, gene transfer, and their relevance to human health. We tracked changes in the abundance of a 55-kbp conjugative transposon (CTn214) carrying tetQ, a tetracycline resistance gene, within a Bacteroides fragilis metagenome-assembled genome derived from shotgun sequencing of microbial DNA extracted from the ileal pouch of a patient with ulcerative colitis. The mapping of metagenomic reads to CTn214 revealed the multi-copy nature of a 17,044-nt region containing tetQ in samples collected during inflammation and uninflamed visits. B. fragilis cultivars isolated from the same patient during periods of inflammation harbored CTn214 integrated into the chromosome or both a circular, multi-copy, extrachromosomal region of the CTn214 containing tetQ and the corresponding integrated form. The tetracycline-dependent mechanism for the transmission of CTn214 is nearly identical to a common conjugative transposon found in the genome of B. fragilis (CTnDOT), but the autonomously amplified nature of a circular 17,044-nt region of CTn214 that codes for tetQ and the integration of the same sequence in the linear chromosome within the same cell is a novel observation. Genome and transcriptome sequencing of B. fragilis cultivars grown under different concentrations of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin indicates that tetQ in strains containing the circular form remains actively expressed regardless of treatment, while the expression of tetQ in strains containing the linear form increases only in the presence of tetracycline.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗