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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 307 records · Page 17
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Sister Rod Destructive Examinations (FY22) Appendix I: SNF Aerosols Released During Rod Fracture

As a part of the DOE NE High Burnup Spent Fuel Data Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is performing destructive examinations (DEs) of high burnup (HBU) (>45 GWd/MTU) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) rods from the North Anna Nuclear Power Station operated by Dominion Energy. The SNF rods, called sister rods or sibling rods, are all HBU and include four different kinds of fuel rod cladding: standard Zircaloy-4 (Zirc-4), low-tin Zirc-4, ZIRLO, and M5. The DEs are being conducted to obtain a baseline of the HBU rods’ condition before dry storage and are focused on understanding overall SNF rod strength and durability. Fuel rods and defueled cladding will be tested to derive material properties. Although the data generated can be used for multiple purposes, one primary goal for obtaining the post-irradiation examination data and the associated measured mechanical properties is to support SNF dry storage licensing and relicensing activities by (1) addressing identified knowledge gaps and (2) enhancing the technical basis for post-storage transportation, handling, and subsequent disposition. This report documents the status of the ORNL Phase 1 DE activities related to the collection of SNF aerosol particles released during fuel rod fracture in 4-point bending in Phase 1 of the sister rod test program.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2023

FERC Order No. 2222 and Considerations for Distributed Wind

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issued Order No. 2222 in October 2020. The rule directs Regional Transmission Organizations and Independent System Operators (ISOs) to amend their tariffs and participation models to accommodate heterogeneous distributed energy resource (DER) aggregations in the wholesale energy markets that they operate, including capacity, energy, and ancillary service markets. The Commission issued the rule to better capture the benefits provided by DERs deployed in the United States, whose use has been expanding rapidly. The Commission defines DERs as “any resource located on the distribution system, any subsystem thereof or behind a customer meter,” including but not limited to “electric storage resources, distributed generation, demand response, energy efficiency, thermal storage, and electric vehicles and their supply equipment.” The rule aims to increase DER participation in wholesale markets by allowing the creation of DER aggregations, in which multiple DERs that are too small to meet minimum capacity requirements for wholesale markets individually would be able to participate in markets as a single unit. As of June 20, 2023, all ISOs have filed initial compliance plans and a number have begun implementation. Compliance dates range from 2024 to 2029, with Midcontinent ISO having the latest date of compliance proposed for 2029. Southwest Power Pool still has an outstanding date, having no final order yet from FERC, but a target date of the third quarter of calendar year 2025. The rule, which is technology agnostic and requires ISOs to create participation plans that accommodate different DERs, provides an opportunity for distributed wind market expansion. In addition, distributed wind can bring benefits to heterogenous DER aggregations. These benefits include resource diversity (i.e., a complementary generation profile to other types of distributed generation), its small footprint and ability to be co-located with load, and its potential to provide frequency response, voltage support, and black start services, among other ancillary services. This report provides a status update on FERC Order No. 2222, the current state of ISO compliance, and information relevant to the distributed wind industry as DER aggregators and other stakeholders expand their participation to wholesale energy markets.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

LCLS-II-HE Status at Fermilab

The LCLS-II-HE project is an upgrade to the Linac Coherent Light Source facility at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Fermilab is part of the LCLS-II-HE collaboration and will deliver 14 cryomodules to SLAC for LCLS-II-HE. These cryomodules consist of eight 1.3 GHz 9-cell cavities. Cryomodule production is in progress, and four cryomodules have been delivered to SLAC. One of the cryomodules already delivered is the verification cryomodule that reached 200 MV total voltage in continuous wave mode. Status of cryomodule production, and lessons learned will be presented. Fermilab is also designing a buncher cryomodule as part of a low emittance injector design for the project. The design is near completion, and status will be reported.

Kaluzny, Joshua↗
DOE OSTI2023

FNAL test facility

Report on the status of superconducting magnet test facility at Fermilab.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Design and Prototyping of the Electron Ion Collider Electron Storage Ring SRF cavity

Among the EIC?s numerous RF subsystems, the electron storage ring?s (ESR) 591 MHz fundamental RF system is one of the most challenging. Each cavity in the system will handle up to 2.5 A of beam current and supply up to 600 kW beam power under a wide range of voltage. The EIC R&D plan includes the design, fabrication and testing of such a cavity. In this paper, we will report the latest status and findings of the ongoing design and prototyping of this cavity, including the RF and mechanical/thermal design, fabrication design, and the progress of fabrication.

Guo, Jiquan↗
DOE OSTI2024

Sister Rod Destructive Examinations (FY23) Appendix A: Full-Length Rod Heat Treatments

As a part of DOE NE High Burnup Spent Fuel Data Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is performing destructive examinations (DEs) of high burnup (HBU) (>45 GWd/MTU) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) rods from the North Anna Nuclear Power Station operated by Dominion Energy. The SNF rods, called sister rods or sibling rods, are all HBU and include four different kinds of fuel rod cladding: standard Zircaloy-4 (Zirc-4), low-tin Zirc-4, ZIRLO, and M5. The DEs are being conducted to obtain a baseline of the HBU rod’s condition before dry storage and are focused on understanding overall SNF rod strength and durability. Composite fuel and defueled cladding will be tested to derive material properties. Although the data generated can be used for multiple purposes, one primary goal for obtaining the post-irradiation examination data and the associated measured mechanical properties is to support SNF dry storage licensing and relicensing activities by (1) addressing identified knowledge gaps and (2) enhancing the technical basis for post-storage transportation, handling, and subsequent disposition. This report documents the status of the ORNL Phase 1 DE activities related to full-length rod heat treatments (FHT) applied to selected sister rods in Phase 1 of the sister rod test program.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Evaluation of Nuclear Spent Fuel Disposal in Clay-Bearing Rock - Process Model Development and Experimental Studies

This report represents the milestone deliverable M2SF-23SN010301072 “Evaluation of Nuclear Spent Fuel Disposal in Clay-Bearing Rock - Process Model Development and Experimental Studies” The report provides a status update of FY23 activities for the work package Argillite Disposal work packages for the DOE-NE Spent Fuel Waste Form Science and Technology (SFWST) Program. Clay-rich geological media (often referred as shale or argillite) are among the most abundant type of sedimentary rock near the Earth’s surface. Argillaceous rock formations have the following advantageous attributes for deep geological nuclear waste disposal: widespread geologic occurrence, found in stable geologic settings, low permeability, self-sealing properties, low effective diffusion coefficient, high sorption capacity, and have the appropriate depth and thickness to host nuclear waste repository concepts. The DOE R&D program under the Spent Fuel Waste Science Technology (SFWST) campaign has made key progress (through experiment, modeling, and testing) in the study of chemical and physical phenomena that could impact the long-term safety assessment of heat-generating nuclear waste disposition in clay/shale/argillaceous rock. International collaboration activities comprising field-scale heater tests, field data monitoring, and laboratory-scale experiments provide key information on changes to the engineered barrier system (EBS) material exposed high thermal loads. Moreover, consideration of direct disposal of large capacity dual-purpose canisters (DPCs) as part of the back-end SNF waste disposition strategy has generated interest in improving our understanding of the effects of elevated temperatures on the engineered barrier system (EBS) design concepts. Chemical and structural analyses of sampled bentonite material from laboratory tests at elevated temperatures are key to the characterization of thermal effects affecting bentonite clay barrier performance. The knowledge provided by these experiments is crucial to constrain the extent of sacrificial zones in the EBS design during the thermal period. Thermal, hydrologic, mechanical, and chemical (THMC) data collected from heater tests and laboratory experiments have been used in the development, validation, and calibration of THMC simulators to model near-field coupled processes. This information leads to the development of simulation approaches to assess issues on coupled processes involving porous media flow, transport, geomechanical phenomena, chemical interactions with barrier/geologic materials, and the development of EBS concepts. These lines of knowledge are central to the design of deep geological backfilled repository concepts where temperature plays a key role in the EBS behavior, potential interactions with host rock, and long-term performance in the safety assessment.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Report on use of Inoculants in Missile Application Alloys

This report documents the status of current inoculant research relevant to missile application alloys and MTCR control language. The information is intended to provide data on current inoculants for us determining the current state of development and identifying potential research directions. Although there has been significant scientific research into the development and synthesis of inoculants, their current availability is limited is traditional powder inoculants employed during casting processes. However, research continues the development of complex oxides, ribbon materials, high entropy alloys, and other inoculant product forms, including the use of inoculants in the melt pools produced during additive manufacturing. Research to date has focused primarily on aluminum and steel alloys with emphasis on refining grain structures and evolving equiaxed morphologies while increasing strength and castability. The primary inoculants in steel and cast irons include TiN, SiC, FeSi75, and Ce which have increased strength properties. Chief inoculants for Al alloys often include TiC, SiC, Al3Sc(x) and TiB2 to aid in precipitation and refinement. Ti and Ni alloys have fewer research activities involving inoculants, although TiN, TiB, ZrN and LaB6 (for Ti alloys) and WC, Co3FeNb2, and CrFeNb (for Ni alloys) have been used. Sic, Al2O3, Mg and Ti are key inoculants for Mg alloys. Multiple cast alloys from each of the material classes demonstrated increased strength and performance properties using inoculants, with several approaching requirements applicable to missile service environments. The continued evolution of advanced manufacturing capabilities is making it easier to produce high temperature near net shape structural materials using inoculant powders. These shapes may include the geometric shapes addressed within the MTCR (tubes and limited wall thicknesses). The use of inoculants may enable further development of high temperature alloys into near net shapes traditionally produced via casting processes due to limited ductility. This may decrease material and manufacturing costs. In addition, inoculation provides controlled kinetics and achievable chemical segregation that enables potential for far-from equilibrium thermodynamic microstructures and chemistries that could provide new metastable alloy states and subsequent properties to address co-design engineering constraints, including needs for increased strength and ductility. It is recommended that specific material combinations within these alloy classes be carefully watched as the materials evolve, with controls aimed at those having material properties above current MTCR levels. This specifically includes the use of refractory inoculants in alloys, and the application of inoculants in high strength and high temperature alloys via additive manufacturing processes, with care to link capabilities to product forms similar to the current requirements on tube geometries and material feed stocks. The continued development of nanoparticle inoculants will increase strength and ductility of high strength castings and additive manufactured metallic components. For example, adding inoculants into the casting of maraging steels and other precipitation strengthened alloys may drastically elevate mechanical properties above the control limit of current regulations.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Sister Rod Destructive Examinations (FY23) Appendix E2: Four-Point Bend Fractured Specimen Images

This report documents work performed under the Spent Fuel and Waste Disposition’s Spent Fuel and Waste Science and Technology program for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy (NE). This work was performed to fulfill Level 2 Milestone M2SF-24OR010201024, “FY23 ORNL Testing on Sibling Pins,” within work package SF-24OR01020102 and is an update to the work reported in M2SF-23OR010201024, M2SF-22OR010201047, M2SF-21OR010201032, M2SF-19ORO010201026, and M2SF-19OR010201028. As a part of the DOE NE High Burnup Spent Fuel Data Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is performing destructive examinations (DEs) of high burnup (HBU) (>45 GWd/MTU) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) rods from the North Anna Nuclear Power Station operated by Dominion Energy. The SNF rods, called sister rods or sibling rods, are all HBU and include four different kinds of fuel rod cladding: standard Zircaloy-4 (Zirc-4), low-tin Zirc-4, ZIRLO, and M5. The DEs are being conducted to obtain a baseline of the HBU rods’ condition before they are sent to dry storage and are focused on gaining an understanding of overall SNF rod strength and durability. Composite fuel and defueled cladding will be tested to derive material properties. Although the data generated can be used for multiple purposes, one primary goal for obtaining the post-irradiation examination data and the associated measured mechanical properties is to support SNF dry storage licensing and relicensing activities by (1) addressing identified knowledge gaps and (2) enhancing the technical basis for post-storage transportation, handling, and subsequent disposition. This report documents the status of the ORNL Phase 1 DE activities related to the mechanical testing of selected sister rods in Phase 1 of the sister rod test program. This appendix provides images of the segments broken in four-point bending (4PB).

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Sister Rod Destructive Examinations (FY23) Appendix I: SNF Aerosols Released During Rod Fracture

This report documents work performed under the Spent Fuel and Waste Disposition’s Spent Fuel and Waste Science and Technology program for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy (NE). This work was performed to fulfill Level 3 Milestone M3SF-23OR010201026, “FY23 M3 draft report on results from testing in FY23,” within work package SF-23OR01020102 and is an updated to the work reported in M2SF-23OR010201024, M2SF-22OR010201047, M2SF-21OR010201032, M2SF-19ORO010201026, and M2SF-19OR010201028. As a part of the DOE NE High Burnup Spent Fuel Data Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is performing destructive examinations (DEs) of high burnup (HBU) (>45 GWd/MTU) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) rods from the North Anna Nuclear Power Station operated by Dominion Energy. The SNF rods, called sister rods or sibling rods, are all HBU and include four different kinds of fuel rod cladding: standard Zircaloy-4 (Zirc-4), low-tin Zirc-4, ZIRLO, and M5. The DEs are being conducted to obtain a baseline of the HBU rods’ condition before dry storage and are focused on understanding overall SNF rod strength and durability. Fuel rods and defueled cladding will be tested to derive material properties. Although the data generated can be used for multiple purposes, one primary goal for obtaining the post-irradiation examination data and the associated measured mechanical properties is to support SNF dry storage licensing and relicensing activities by (1) addressing identified knowledge gaps and (2) enhancing the technical basis for post-storage transportation, handling, and subsequent disposition.This report documents the status of the ORNL Phase 1 DE activities related to the collection of SNF aerosol particles released during fuel rod fracture in 4-point bending in Phase 1 of the sister rod test program.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Reference Materials for Laser and Xenon Flash Thermal Diffusivity Systems

This report presents the status of current standard reference materials for thermal diffusivity testing. In most thermal properties testing systems, it is common to use standard reference materials to show the reproducibility of the tests and certify the instrument is producing results within expected uncertainty range. The definition of reference materials or standards vary depending on the quality control protocols of the project. For thermal diffusivity, although there were standards available by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) 40 years ago, there has been no recent NIST standard reference material (SRM). There are only a few sources that produce and provide traceable reference standards for thermal diffusivity. The certificate typically expires in 5 years and only applies to the specific lot of materials. Other reference materials are provided by the testing systems manufacturers. They are mostly well-known reference materials or materials used by the equipment manufacturers with historic data. However, most these reference materials no longer carry valid certificates. Various reference materials will be discussed along with the industry practice when only secondary standards are available.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Development of High Performance and Sustainable Na-ion Batteries for Stationary Electrical Energy Storage

This report describes the status of advanced sodium-ion battery research being performed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Energy Storage Systems Program. The program will demonstrate a novel sodium-ion battery pouch cell with at least 50 mAh capacity capable of achieving $100/kWh projected materials cost at an energy retention > 80% over 250 cycles.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

The Mu2e experiment

The Mu2e experiment, currently under construction at Fermilab, will search for neutrinoless mu->e conversion in the field of an aluminum atom. A clear signature of this chargedlepton flavor violating two-body process is given by the monoenergetic conversion electron of 104.97 MeV produced in the final state.An 8 GeV/c pulsed proton beam interacting on a tungsten target will produce the pions decaying in muons; a set of superconducting magnets will drive the negative muon beam to a segmented aluminum target where the stopped muons will eventually convert to electrons; a set of detectors will be used to both identify conversion electrons and reject beam and cosmic backgrounds.The experiment will need 3-5 years of data-taking to achieve a factor of $10^4$ improvement on the current best limit on the conversion rate.After an introduction to the physics of Mu2e, we will report on the status of the different components of the experimental apparatus. The updated estimate of the experiment’s sensitivity and discovery potential will be presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Preliminary Results from ADRIANO2 Test Beams

A novel high-granularity, dual-readout calorimetric technique (ADRIANO2) is under development as part of the research program of T1604 Collaboration. (Talk Presented at the 19th International Conference on Calorimetry in Particle Physics (CALOR 2022), University of Sussex, Sussex, UK, 16–20 May 2022). The building block of such a calorimeter consists of a pair of optically isolated, small size tiles made of scintillating plastic and lead glass. The prompt Čerenkov light from the glass can be exploited to perform high resolution timing measurements, while the high granularity provides good resolution of the spatial components of the shower. Dual-readout compensation and particle flow techniques can be applied simultaneously to the scintillation and to the Čerenkov section, providing excellent energy resolution as well as PID particle identification. These characteristics make ADRIANO2 a 6-D detector, suited for High Energy as well as High Intensity experiments. A report on the status of the ADRIANO2 project, preliminary measurements of light yield, and current and future R&D plans by T1604 Collaboration are discussed.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2024

Improving Cathode Testing with a High-Gradient Cryogenic Normal Conducting RF Photogun

Future electron accelerator applications such as X-ray free electron lasers and colliders are dependent on significantly increasing beam brightness. With the observation that linac beam manipulation’s best preservation of max brightness is at the cathode, we are incentivized to create an environment where we can study how to achieve the highest possible photogun brightness. In order to do so, we intend to extract beams from high-brightness photocathodes with the highest achievable accelerating gradients we can manage in a klystron-powered radiofrequency (RF) photogun. We utilize here cryogenic normal conducting cavities to achieve ultra-high gradients via limitation of breakdown rates (BDR). The low temperatures should also reduce cathode emittance by reducing the mean transverse energy (MTE) of electrons near the photoemission threshold. To this end, we have designed and produced a new CrYogenic Brightness-Optimized Radiofrequency Gun (CYBORG) for use in a new beamline at UCLA. We will introduce the enabling RF and photoemission physics as a primer for the new regime of high field low temperature cathodes we intend to enter. We further report the current status of the beamline commissioning, including the cooling of the photogun to 100 K, and producing 0.5 MW of RF feed power, which corresponds to cathode accelerating fields in the range of 80–90 MV/m. We further plan iterative improvements to both to 77 K and 1 MW corresponding to our ultimate goal >120 MV/m. Our discussion will include future beamline tests and the consideration of the initial realization of an ultra-high-gradient photoinjector concept.

Lawler, Gerard Emile (ORCID:0000000160113435)↗
DOE OSTI2025

Charged Lepton Flavor Violating Experiments with Muons

We report on the status of charged lepton flavor violating (CLFV) experiments with muons. We focus on the three "golden channels": $\mu^{+} \rightarrow e^{+} \gamma$, $\mu^{+} \rightarrow e^{+} e^{-} e^{+}$ and $\mu^{-} N \rightarrow e^{-} N$. The collection of upcoming experiments aim for sensitivity improvements up to $10^{4}$ with respect to previous searches. The MEG II experiment, searching for $\mu^{+} \rightarrow e^{+} \gamma$, is currently in its 4th year of physics data-taking with a published result from its first year of data. The Mu3e experiment is an upcoming experiment searching for $\mu^{+} \rightarrow e^{+} e^{-} e^{+}$ with plans of physics data-taking as soon as 2025. The Mu2e and COMET experiments are upcoming searches for $\mu^{-} N \rightarrow e^{-} N$ with the goal of physics data-taking starting in 2027 and 2026 respectively. This proceeding summarizes the signal signature, expected background, resolutions, and timelines for the mentioned searches.

Palo, Dylan [Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2021

Integrated FY21 Elevated Temperature Mechanical Testing Results for Alloy 709 Code Case

This report provides the status of creep, fatigue, and creep-fatigue testing that transpired in Fiscal Year 2021 at Argonne National Laboratory, Idaho National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This testing is being conducted to develop the data package to qualify Alloy 709 in Section III, Division 5 of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. This would permit the use of Alloy 709 for elevated-temperature nuclear construction. Preliminary results continue to demonstrate the improved creep and fatigue resistance of Alloy 709 compared to 316H stainless steel.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗