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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 325 records · Page 18
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

On the role of α-alumina in the origin of life: Surface-driven assembly of amino acids

We investigate the hypothesis that mineral/water interfaces played a crucial catalytic role in peptide formation by promoting the self-assembly of amino acids. Using classical molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that the α-alumina(0001) surface exhibits an affinity of 4k B Tfor individual glycine or GG dipeptide molecules due to hydrogen bonds. In simulations with multiple glycine molecules, surface-bound glycine enhances further adsorption, leading to the formation of long chains connected by hydrogen bonds between the carboxyl and amine groups of glycine molecules. We find that the likelihood of observing chains longer than 10 glycine units increases by at least five orders of magnitude at the surface compared to the bulk. This surface-driven assembly is primarily due to local high density and alignment with the alumina surface pattern. Together, these results propose a model for how mineral surfaces can induce configuration-specific assembly of amino acids, thereby promoting condensation reactions.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Investigating Amino Acid Heterogeneity in Milligram-Scale Samples of the Murchison CM2 Carbonaceous Chondrite

Analyses of different aliquots of the Tagish Lake meteorite have resulted in amino acid abundance variations of an order of magnitude or more, even when performed using the same techniques, by the same personnel, in the same laboratories (e.g., Simkus et al. 2019). Up to ~five-fold variations have been observed for specific amino acids in different samples of the same meteorite, such as α aminoisobutryic acid (AIB) in Murchison. These variations are often attributed differing sample composition or differing alteration history, neither of which is mutually exclusive. Distinguishing between these two explanations is challenging and time consuming, requiring detailed mineralogical analyses to be performed in conjunction with high precision organics analysis. The potential for innate sample-level heterogeneity presents a significant complication when parsing the effects of different processes or conditions during preparation of meteorite samples for analysis, as differences in organic yields or abundances could be due to differences in laboratory processing or differences among the samples themselves. In this work, we investigated the degree of innate organic heterogeneity present in a single ~250 mg chip of divided into 21 samples.

A. S. Burton↗
NASA NTRS1996

Amino Acid Racemization and the Preservation of Ancient DNA

The extent of racemization of aspartic acid, alanine, and leucine provides criteria for assessing whether ancient tissue samples contain endogenous DNA. In samples in which the D/L ratio of aspartic acid exceeds 0.08, ancient DNA sequences could not be retrieved. Paleontological finds from which DNA sequences purportedly millions of years old have been reported show extensive racemization, and the amino acids present are mainly contaminates. An exception is the amino acids in some insects preserved in amber.

Poinar, Hendrik N.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Amino acids in a carbonaceous chondrite from Antarctica

A carbonaceous chondrite from the Antarctic, referred to as the Allan Hills meteorite 77306, appears to be free from terrestrial organic contamination. The presence of both protein and non-protein amino acids and an equal abundance of D- and L-enantiomers of amino acids, is testimony to the extraterrestrial nature of these compounds.

Kotra, R. K.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Selective adsorption of L- and D-amino acids on calcite: Implications for biochemical homochirality

The emergence of biochemical homochirality was a key step in the origin of life, yet prebiotic mechanisms for chiral separation are not well constrained. Here we demonstrate a geochemically plausible scenario for chiral separation of amino acids by adsorption on mineral surfaces. Crystals of the common rock-forming mineral calcite (CaCO(3)), when immersed in a racemic aspartic acid solution, display significant adsorption and chiral selectivity of d- and l-enantiomers on pairs of mirror-related crystal-growth surfaces. This selective adsorption is greater on crystals with terraced surface textures, which indicates that d- and l-aspartic acid concentrate along step-like linear growth features. Thus, selective adsorption of linear arrays of d- and l-amino acids on calcite, with subsequent condensation polymerization, represents a plausible geochemical mechanism for the production of homochiral polypeptides on the prebiotic Earth.

Calcium Carbonate/metabolism↗
NASA NTRS1973

The Apollo program and amino acids

Apollo lunar sample analyses designed to detect the presence of organic compounds are reviewed, and the results are discussed from the viewpoint of relevance to laboratory experiments on the synthesis of amino acids and to theoretical models of cosmochemical processes resulting in the formation of organic compounds. Glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, and threonine have been found repeatedly in the hydrolyzates of hot aqueous extracts of lunar dust. These compounds represent an early step in the sequence of events leading to the rise of living material and were probably deposited by the solar wind. The results of the Apollo program so far suggest that the pathway from cosmic organic matter to life as it evolved on earth could have been pursued on the moon to the stage of amino acid precursors and then may have been terminated for lack of sufficient water.

Fox, S. W.↗