Behavioral responses to linear accelerations in blind goldfish. I - The gravity reference response
Blind goldfish gravity reference response under linear accelerations on motor car and parallel swing from movie camera recording
Atema, J.↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Application of system safety to rail transit systems
Management emphasis on system safety in the rapid transit industry includes the granting and use of funds by the Federal Government according to systematic analysis of safety hazards in advance. Likelihood predictions that those hazards will be activated by exposure of the system to a system failure, a human error, external conditions, or combinations of these aspects determine alternatives to the assumption of risk and recommend corrections before the system is operational. Rigorous safety analyses are projected to assure operational safety for prolonged periods under varied maintenance conditions; these analysis encompass station accident possibilities as well as train-person collisions, car equipment and design, traffic control systems, and tunnel design problems.
Thomas DeW. Styles↗
Nonapplicability of linear finite element programs to the stress analysis of tires
A static finite element stress analysis of an inflated radial car tire was carried out. The deformed shape of the sidewall presents outward bulging. The analysis of a homogeneous isotropic toroidal shell shows that the problem is common to all solids of this type. The study suggests that the geometric stiffness due to the inflation pressure has to be taken into account. Also, the resulting large displacements make it necessary for the geometry to be updated at each load step.
Durand, M.↗
An inexpensive vehicle speed detector
Low-power minicomputer can plug into automobile cigarette lighter. It measures time it takes observed car to travel premeasured distance and provides immediate readout of speed. Potentially, detector could be manufactured for less than $200 per unit and would have very low maintenance cost.
Broussard, P., Jr.↗
A design study for a simple-to-fly, constant attitude light aircraft
The activities during a four-year study by doctoral students to evolve in detail a design for a simple-to-fly, constant attitude light airplane are described. The study indicated that such aircraft could materially reduce the hazards to light airplane occupants which arise from the high pilot work load and poor visibility that occur during landing. Preliminary cost studies indicate that in volume production this system would increase the cost of the aircraft in roughly the same fashion that automatic transmission, power steering, power brakes, and cruise control increase the cost of a compact car.
Smetana, F. O.↗
Perform - A performance optimizing computer program for dynamic systems subject to transient loadings
A description and applications of a computer capability for determining the ultimate optimal behavior of a dynamically loaded structural-mechanical system are presented. This capability provides characteristics of the theoretically best, or limiting, design concept according to response criteria dictated by design requirements. Equations of motion of the system in first or second order form include incompletely specified elements whose characteristics are determined in the optimization of one or more performance indices subject to the response criteria in the form of constraints. The system is subject to deterministic transient inputs, and the computer capability is designed to operate with a large linear programming on-the-shelf software package which performs the desired optimization. The report contains user-oriented program documentation in engineering, problem-oriented form. Applications cover a wide variety of dynamics problems including those associated with such diverse configurations as a missile-silo system, impacting freight cars, and an aircraft ride control system.
Pilkey, W. D.↗
Infrared observations of southern RV Tauri stars.
Photometric measurements from 2.2 to 18 microns are reported for six southern RV Tauri stars. Four of the six have anomalous infrared excess radiation similar to that observed in other RV Tauri stars. The infrared spectra of IW Car, AR Pup, and SX Cen resemble that of oxygen-rich RV Tau. RU Cen is similar to AC Her.
Gehrz, R. D.↗
Sink-float ferrofluid separator applicable to full scale nonferrous scrap separation
Design and performance of a ferrofluid levitation separator for recovering nonferrous metals from shredded automobiles are reported. The scrap separator uses an electromagnet to generate a region of constant density within a pool of ferrofluid held between the magnetic poles; a saturated kerosene base ferrofluid as able to float all common industrial metals of interest. Conveyors move the scrap into the ferrofluid for separation according to density. Results of scrap mixture separation studies establish the technical feasibility of relatively pure aluminum alloy and zinc alloy fractions from shredded automobile scrap by this ferrofluid levitation process. Economic projections indicate profitable operation for shredders handling more than 300 cars per day.
Source record↗
Human eye movements during various forms of linear acceleration and weightlessness
Eye movements of human subjects were recorded electronystagmographically in complete darkness during rectilinear horizontal accelerations as achieved in cars on the ground and also during aircraft parabolic flight. The results were compared to the movements of blinded goldfish subjected to similar changes of gravitoinertial forces. The results indicate that there is a human correlation with the gravity reference response of fish. During horizontal forward accelerations on the ground the human eyes turn downward and during horizontal backward acceleration the eyes turn upward. The human eye response to g-loads below 1 g and to weightlessness is the reverse of the tilt of the fish. While fish dive down during low g, or loop forward during weightlessness, the eyes of subjects sitting upright in an aircraft which flies at 0 g move upward.
Vonbaumgarten, R. J.↗
Turbine Design and Application, Volume 2
NASA has an interest in turbines related primarily to aeronautics and space applications. Airbreathing turbine engines provide jet and turboshaft propulsion, as well as auxiliary power for aircraft. Propellant -driven turbines provide rocket propulsion and auxiliary power for spacecraft. Closed-cycle turbine engines using inert gases, organic fluids, and metal fluids have been studied for providing long-duration electric power for spacecraft. Other applications of current interest for turbine engines include land-vehicle (cars, trucks, buses, trains, etc.) propulsion power and ground-based electrical power. In view of the turbine-system interest and efforts at Lewis Research Center, a course entitled "Turbine Design and Application" was presented during 1968-69 as part of the In-House Graduate Study Program. The course was somewhat revised and again presented in 1972-73. Various aspects of turbine technology were covered including thermodynamic and fluid-dynamic concepts, fundamental turbine concepts, velocity diagrams, losses, blade aerodynamic design, blade cooling, mechanical design, operation, and performance. The notes written and used for the course have been revised and edited for publication. Such a publication can serve as a foundation for an introductory turbine course, a means for self-study, or a reference for selected topics. The first volume presented the material covering thermodynamic and fluid-dynamic concepts, fundamental turbine concepts, and velocity diagram design. This second volume presents the material related to blade aerodynamic design and turbine energy losses.
Arthur J Glassman↗
Changes in the direction of sight during parabolic flights and rectilinear accelerations
Tests in which persons were subjected to a negative acceleration in an automobile are reported. The acceleration was obtained by stopping a moving car on the runway of an airport. The acceleration was found to produce a rotational movement of the subject's eyeball proportional to the degree of acceleration. Other investigations were conducted with a jet aircraft and a sports aircraft. G forces of up to 3 G were obtained during pull up of the aircraft, while values in the range from 0 to 1 G could be produced with the aid of a parabolic flight path. The effects of the flight conditions on the subject's direction of sight are discussed.
Von Baumgarten, R.↗
Analytical description of the modern steam automobile
The sensitivity of operating conditions upon performance of the modern steam automobile is discussed. The word modern has been used in the title to indicate that emphasis is upon miles per gallon rather than theoretical thermal efficiency. This has been accomplished by combining classical power analysis with the ideal Pressure-Volume diagram. Several parameters are derived which characterize performance capability of the modern steam car. The report illustrates that performance is dictated by the characteristics of the working medium, and the supply temperature. Performance is nearly independent of pressures above 800 psia. Analysis techniques were developed specifically for reciprocating steam engines suitable for automotive application. Specific performance charts have been constructed on the basis of water as a working medium. The conclusions and data interpretation are therefore limited within this scope.
Peoples, J. A.↗
Dynamics computation methodology applied to railcar vibrations
The analytical models discussed present typical examples of analyses performed to optimize vehicle parameters and solve specific engineering problems. Subjects investigated include: (1) car body structural dynamics, (2) vehicle dynamic motions and loads, and (3) truck equalization.
Vlaminck, R. R.↗
System analysis of a piston steam engine employing the uniflow principle, a study in optimized performance
Results are reported which were obtained from a mathematical model of a generalized piston steam engine configuration employing the uniflow principal. The model accounted for the effects of clearance volume, compression work, and release volume. A simple solution is presented which characterizes optimum performance of the steam engine, based on miles per gallon. Development of the mathematical model is presented. The relationship between efficiency and miles per gallon is developed. An approach to steam car analysis and design is presented which has purpose rather than lucky hopefulness. A practical engine design is proposed which correlates to the definition of the type engine used. This engine integrates several system components into the engine structure. All conclusions relate to the classical Rankine Cycle.
Peoples, J. A.↗
Track/train dynamics test report transfer function test. Volume 1: Test
A description is presented of the transfer function test performed on an open hopper freight car loaded with 80 tons of coal. Test data and a post-test update of the requirements document and test procedure are presented. Included are a statement of the test objective, a description of the test configurations, test facilities, test methods, data acquisition/reduction operations, and a chronological test summary. An index to the data for the three test configurations (X, Y, and Z-axis tests) is presented along with test sequence, run number, test reference, and input parameters.
Vigil, R. A.↗
Test procedures and performance measures sensitive to automobile steering dynamics
A maneuver complex and related performance measures used to evaluate driver/vehicle system responses as effected by variations in the directional response characteristics of passenger cars are described. The complex consists of normal and emergency maneuvers (including random and discrete disturbances) which, taken as a whole, represent all classes of steering functions and all modes of driver response behavior. Measures of driver/vehicle system response and performance in regulation tasks included direct describing function measurements and rms yaw velocity. In transient maneuvers, measures such as steering activity and cone strikes were used.
Klein, R. H.↗
An interactive driving simulation for driver control and decision-making research
Display techniques and equations of motion for a relatively simple fixed base car simulation are described. The vehicle dynamics include simplified lateral (steering) and longitudinal (speed) degrees of freedom. Several simulator tasks are described which require a combination of operator control and decision making, including response to wind gust inputs, curved roads, traffic signal lights, and obstacles. Logic circuits are used to detect speeding, running red lights, and crashes. A variety of visual and auditory cues are used to give the driver appropriate performance feedback. The simulated equations of motion are reviewed and the technique for generating the line drawing CRT roadway display is discussed. On-line measurement capabilities and experimenter control features are presented, along with previous and current research results demonstrating simulation capabilities and applications.
Allen, R. W.↗
Australian rocket results
Cen X-3 was observed twice. A pulse profile and spectrum was obtained in the 2- to 10-keV band, but no soft flux was detected. Vela X-1 was observed to have a rapid flickering characteristic on time scales down to 0.25 sec and a hard spectrum. The source 3U 0614+09 was observed and found to have a softer spectrum (kT of about 4 keV) and an intensity comparable to that of earlier observations. The source eta Car was not detected at a level of 0.03 ph/sq cm/sec in the band from 0.2 to 1.5 keV, and the Large Magellanic Cloud was observed in the band from 0.5 to 1.5 keV at a level of about 0.1 ph/sq cm/sec. Two soft extended regions were observed in Gem-Mon and Eridanus.
Garmire, G.↗