Interaction of the magnetized solar wind with the moon.
Magnetized solar wind interaction with moon studied from Explorer 35 spacecraft data indicate nonexistence of detached bow shock waves
Whang, Y. C.↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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An improved method of characteristics for high speed multidimensional fluid flows.
Method of characteristics calculation procedure for high speed multidimensional fluid flows improved, noting inviscid flow and flow between detached shock and body
Diethelm, M.↗
Folding tools for flat conductor cable harnesses
Vise grip pliers have detachable metal gripping plates which are changed to accommodate cables from 1 to 3 in. wide and to form any desired fold angle. A second tool squeezes cable along crease to complete the fold.
Loggins, R.↗
Dynamics and stability of electrolytic bubbles - Bubble departure diameters
Dynamics and stability of obtaining and interpreting bubble contact angles and detachment diameters
Funk, J. E.↗
Aerodynamic Characteristics of a 45 Deg Swept Wing Fighter Airplane Model and Aerodynamic Loads on Adjacent Stores and Missiles at Mach Numbers of 1.57, 1.87, 2.16, and 2.53
An investigation was performed in the Langley Unitary Plan wind tunnel to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of a model of a 45 deg swept-wing fighter airplane, and to determine the loads on attached stores and detached missiles in the presence of the model. Also included was a determination of aileron-spoiler effectiveness, aileron hinge moments, and the effects of wing modifications on model aerodynamic characteristics. Tests were performed at Mach numbers of 1.57, 1.87, 2.16, and 2.53. The Reynolds numbers for the tests, based on the mean aerodynamic chord of the wing, varied from about 0.9 x 10(exp 6) to 5 x 10(exp 6). The results are presented with minimum analysis.
Oehman, W. I.↗
Rocket measurements of ion and electron densities in the D- and lower E-regions near sunrise
Positive-ion and electron densities were measured in the 75 to 110 km altitude range with the aid of two rockets launched from White Sands near sunrise. The solar zenith angles were 91 and 79 deg respectively. The densities were derived from measurements made by an ion collector and from data obtained with a Faraday rotation technique capable of detecting electrons in the D-region. It has been found that in the 80-95 km altitude range, electron detachment from negative ions takes place mainly at zenith angles of less than 91 deg. The source of the high positive-ion density (N(+) approximately 700/cu cm) at an altitude of 75 km just before sunrise is presumed to be scattered Lyman alpha radiation which is ionizing nitric oxide.
Pedersen, A.↗
Concerning the origin of novae and U Geminorum stars
The dynamical stability of the contact component in a semi-detached binary system is investigated by a linear time dependent analysis. The boundary condition imposed on the photosphere by the Roche lobe is assumed to be one of constant pressure over the whole surface of the lobe, which is treated as being spherically symmetric. The eigenvalues of the linear equation of motion are evaluated for sequences of stellar envelope models under the constraint of this boundary condition. An extensive region in the Hertzprung-Russell diagram is found to be dynamically unstable. This region coincides almost precisely with that predicted by a previous quasi-static study. Time scales for the growth of the instability are also evaluated. Color observations of several novae and U Geminorum stars are discussed in an attempt to provide semi-empirical tests of the proposed theoretical model of the outbursts. In particular the track in the H-R diagram of the U Geminorum star, EM Cygni, is shown to be consistent with an outburst which is purely a temperature change at constant radius, as is demanded by the theory.
Bath, G. T.↗
Space base antenna study
The field of view required of the space base antenna is defined for both the tracking and data relay satellite link and detached module links. The gain requirements are established and the feasibility of alternative antenna configurations using phased arrays and reflectors are considered. One recommended and one alternative configuration are presented for each of the required links.
Deerkoski, L. F.↗
Theoretical studies of ionic and atomic impact phenomena
An absorbing sphere model based on the Landau-Zener method was developed for calculating the energy dependence of the total cross sections for the reaction A(+) + B(-) yields A star + B + Delta E, in which A or B may be atomic or molecular species. It was found that the cross sections were highly dependent on the electron detachment energy of B(-). The ionization total cross sections for Ne star (2p5 3s 3P) + Ar were calculated over a large energy range and compared with experiments.
Olson, R. E.↗
Experimental boundary-layer edge Mach numbers for two space shuttle orbiters at hypersonic speeds
Pitot-pressure profiles and surface pressure measurements have been obtained at four axial stations along the center lines of space shuttle straight-wing and delta-wing orbiters at angles of attack from 20 deg to approximately 60 deg and Mach numbers of 20.3 (helium) and 6.8 (air). The results show that the Mach number at the edge of the boundary layer is best predicted by tangent-cone theory up to shock detachment.
Ashby, G. C., Jr.↗
Application of a one-strip integral method to the unsteady supersonic aerodynamics of an inclined flat surface
The method of integral relations is applied in a one-strip approximation to the perturbation equations governing small motions of an inclined, sharp-edged, flat surface about the mean supersonic steady flow. Algebraic expressions for low reduced-frequency aerodynamics are obtained and a set of ordinary differential equations are obtained for general oscillatory motion. Results are presented for low reduced-frequency aerodynamics and for the variation of the unsteady forces with frequency. The method gives accurate results for the aerodynamic forces at low reduced frequency which are in good agreement with available experimental data. However, for cases in which the aerodynamic forces vary rapidly with frequency, the results are qualitatively correct, but of limited accuracy. Calculations indicate that for a range of inclination angles near shock detachment such that the flow in the shock layer is low supersonic, the aerodynamic forces vary rapidly both with inclination angle and with reduced frequency.
Bennett, R. M.↗
Modular space station Phase B extension preliminary performance specification. Volume 2: Project
The four systems of the modular space station project are described, and the interfaces between this project and the shuttle project, the tracking and data relay satellite project, and an arbitrarily defined experiment project are defined. The experiment project was synthesized from internal experiments, detached research and application modules, and attached research and application modules to derive a set of interface requirements which will support multiple combinations of these elements expected during the modular space station mission. The modular space station project element defines a 6-man orbital program capable of growth to a 12-man orbital program capability. The modular space station project element specification defines the modular space station system, the premission operations support system, the mission operations support system, and the cargo module system and their interfaces.
Source record↗
Experimental surface flow patterns and flow-field phenomena of a delta-wing space-shuttle orbiter
Composite photographs of the surface flow and shadowgraphs of the shock wave pattern are presented that depict the hypersonic flow field of a typical delta wing space shuttle orbiter. Results from a wind tunnel test in air are given in side, oblique, and projected plan views for angles of attack from 0 to 60 deg. The tests were conducted at a Mach number of 7.4 and for Reynolds numbers based on body length of 6,000,000 and 9,000,000. The interrelationship is shown for the intersecting bow and wing leading edge waves with the surface flow for angles of attack for which: (1) the leading edge wave is attached, and (2) the leading edge wave is detached.
Cleary, J. W.↗
Analytical design of sensors for measuring during terminal phase of atmospheric temperature planetary entry
An analytical study was conducted to develop a sensor for measuring the temperature of a planetary atmosphere from an entry vehicle traveling at supersonic speeds and having a detached shock. Such a sensor has been used in the Planetary Atmosphere Experiments Test Probe (PAET) mission and is planned for the Viking-Mars mission. The study specifically considered butt-welded thermocouple sensors stretched between two support posts; however, the factors considered are sufficiently general to apply to other sensors as well. This study included: (1) an investigation of the relation between sensor-measured temperature and free-stream conditions; (2) an evaluation of the effects of extraneous sources of heat; (3) the development of a computer program for evaluating sensor response during entry; and (4) a parametric study of sensor design characteristics.
Millard, J. P.↗
Orbital operations study. Volume 2: Interfacing activities analyses. Part 3: Data management activity group
A summary of the findings of the data management group of the orbital operations study is presented. Element interfaces, alternate approaches, design concepts, operational procedures, functional requirements, design influences, and approach selection are described. The following interfacing activities are considered: (1) communications, (2) rendezvous, (3) stationkeeping, and (4) detached element operations.
Mehrbach, E.↗
Microbiologic assay of space hardware.
Review of the procedures used in the microbiological examination of space hardware. The general procedure for enumerating aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms and spores is outlined. Culture media and temperature-time cycles used for incubation are reviewed, along with assay systems designed for the enumeration of aerobic and anaerobic spores. The special problems which are discussed are involved in the precise and accurate enumeration of microorganisms on surfaces and in the neutralization of viable organisms buried inside solid materials that could be released to a planet's surface if the solid should be fractured. Special attention is given to sampling procedures including also the indirect techniques of surface assays of space hardware such as those using detachable or fallout strips. Some data on comparative levels of microbial contamination on lunar and planetary spacecraft are presented.
Favero, M. S.↗
Rocket measurements of ion and electron densities in the D-region during sunrise.
Results from two rockets launched near sunrise at White Sands, N. Mex., when positive ion and electron densities were measured in the D-region for solar zenith angles of 91 and 79 deg. The measurements cover the height range 80 to 110 km and complement previous vlf observations and rocket measurements of electron density. It is shown that the majority of negative ions in this height range are detached near to after ground sunrise. On the basis of these measurements it is possible to discuss electron affinity of negative ions and ion production functions during twilight.
Pedersen, A.↗
Positive ions and the winter anomaly.
A coordinated rocket program to study winter variability in D-region ionization was conducted at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, during the winter of 1970-1971. Parachute-borne blunt probes that measure positive-ion and electron conductivities were flown, in conjunction with other experiments, on Jan. 22 and 26 and Feb. 1, 1971. Both A1 and A3 radiowave absorption techniques were used to indicate anomalous winter days. The two rocket shots in January occurred on such days of high absorption. The first of these was one of quiet solar activity, whereas the second was preceded by a major solar proton event on January 24. The third flight occurred on a normal winter day. We tentatively conclude that we have observed two days of 'anomalous' winter absorption of very different character, one possibly related to a solar disturbance, and one probably entirely induced by meteorological effects. The former day was probably characterized by inhibition of the formation of negative ions due to increased detachment and the latter by decreased ionization loss rate.
Mitchell, J. D.↗