Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Electron- and light-induced stimulated Raman spectroscopy for nanoscale molecular mapping

We propose and theoretically analyze a new vibrational spectroscopy, termed electron- and light-induced stimulated Raman (ELISR) scattering, that combines the high spatial resolution of elec-tron microscopy with the molecular sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. WithELISR, electron-beam excitation of plasmonic nanoparticles is utilized as a spectrally-broadband butspatially-confined Stokes beam in the presence of a diffraction-limited pump laser. To characterizethis technique, we develop a numerical model and conduct full-field electromagnetic simulations toinvestigate two distinct nanoparticle geometries, nanorods and nanospheres, coated with a Raman-active material. Our results show the significant (10 6 -10 7 ) stimulated Raman enhancement that isachieved with dual electron and optical excitation of thesenanoparticle geometries. Importantly,the spatial resolution of this vibrational spectroscopy for electron microscopy is solely determinedby the nanoparticle geometry and the plasmon mode volume. Our results highlight the promiseof ELISR for simultaneous high-resolution electron microscopy with sub-diffraction-limited Ramanspectroscopy, complementing advances in superresolutionmicroscopy, correlated light and electronmicroscopy, and vibrational electron energy loss spectroscopy.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2026

Emergent electric field induced by dissipative sliding dynamics of domain walls in a Weyl magnet

The dynamic motion of topological defects in magnets induces an emergent electric field, as exemplified by the continuous flow of skyrmion vortices. However, the electrodynamics underlying this emergent field remains poorly understood. In this context, magnetic domain walls—one-dimensional topological defects with two collective modes, sliding and spin-tilt—offer a promising platform for exploration. Here we demonstrate that the dissipative motion of domain walls under oscillatory current excitation generates an emergent electric field. We image domain patterns and quantify the domain-wall length under applied magnetic fields in mesoscopic devices based on the magnetic Weyl semimetal NdAlSi. These devices exhibit exceptionally strong domain-wall scattering and a pronounced emergent electric field, as observed in the imaginary component of the complex impedance. Spin dynamics simulations reveal that domain-wall sliding dominates over spin-tilting, in which the phase delay of the domain-wall motion with respect to the driving force impacts the emergent electric field. Our findings establish domain-wall dynamics as a platform for studying emergent electromagnetic fields and motivate further investigations of the coupled motion of magnetic solitons and conduction electrons.

Yamada, Rinsuke [The University of Tokyo, Japan]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Electromagnetic radii of light nuclei from variational Monte Carlo calculations

We present variational Monte Carlo calculations of charge and magnetic radii in 𝐴 ≤ 10 nuclei. The calculations are based on the Norfolk two- and three-nucleon interactions, and associated one- and two-nucleon electromagnetic charge and current operators derived up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order in the chiral expansion. The charge and magnetic radii are extracted from the respective form factors. We find that the charge radii are within 5% of the experimental values for the nuclei considered. For the magnetic radii, a comparison is available only with 3 H and 3 ⁢He electron scattering data that are affected by large error bars. We hope that our predictions foster an interest in precisely measuring magnetic radii of heavier systems.

lepton induced nuclear reactions↗
DOE OSTI2025

Symmetry-protected electronic metastability in an optically driven cuprate ladder

Optically excited quantum materials exhibit non-equilibrium states with remarkable emergent properties, but these phenomena are usually transient, decaying on picosecond timescales and limiting practical applications. Advancing the design and control of non-equilibrium phases requires the development of targeted strategies to achieve long-lived, metastable phases. Here, in this study, we report the discovery of symmetry-protected electronic metastability in the model cuprate ladder Sr 14 Cu 24 O 41 . Using femtosecond resonant X-ray scattering and spectroscopy, we show that this metastability is driven by a transfer of holes from chain-like charge reservoirs into the ladders. This ultrafast charge redistribution arises from the optical dressing and activation of a hopping pathway that is forbidden by symmetry at equilibrium. Relaxation back to the ground state is, hence, suppressed after the pump coherence dissipates. Our findings highlight how dressing materials with electromagnetic fields can dynamically activate terms in the electronic Hamiltonian, and provide a rational design strategy for non-equilibrium phases of matter.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

The structure of low-lying 1 - states in 90,94 Zr from (α,α'γ) and (p,p'γ) reactions

The low-lying dipole strength in the 90,94 Zr nuclei was investigated via (ρ,ρ'γ) at 80 MeV and (α, α', γ) at 130 MeV. The experiments, made at RCNP, used the magnetic spectrometer Grand Raiden for the scattered particles and the array CAGRA with HPGe detectors for the γ-decay. For 94 Zr these are the first data for both reactions and for 90 Zr these are the first data with (ρ,ρ'γ) and the first ones at high resolution for (α, α', γ). The comparison of the present results for the two nuclei with existing (γ, γ') data shows that both nuclear probes produce an excitation pattern different than that of the electromagnetic probes. DWBA calculations were made using form factors deduced from transition densities, based on RPA calculations, characterized by a strong neutron component at the nuclear surface. A combined analysis of the two reactions was performed for the first time to investigate the isoscalar character of the 1 - states in 90,94 Zr. The (ρ,ρ'γ) cross section was calculated using values for the isoscalar electric dipole energy-weighted sum rule (E1 ISEWSR) obtained from the (α, α', γ) data. The isoscalar strength for 90 Zr was found to exhaust 20 ± 2.5% of the EWSR in the energy range up to 12 MeV. In case of 94 Zr, a strength of 9 ± 1.1% of the EWSR was found in the range up to 8.5 MeV. Although an overall general description was obtained in the studied energy intervals, not all proton cross sections were well reproduced using the isoscalar strength from (α, α', γ). This might suggest mixing of isoscalar and isovector components and that this mixing and the degree of collectivity are not the same for all the 1 - states below the particle binding energy.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Proton Compton Scattering from Linearly Polarized Gamma Rays

In this work, differential cross sections for Compton scattering from the proton have been measured at scattering angles of 55°, 90°, and 125° in the laboratory frame using quasimonoenergetic linearly (circularly) polarized photon beams with a weighted mean energy value of 83.4 MeV (81.3 MeV). These measurements were performed at the High Intensity Gamma-Ray Source facility at the Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory. The results are compared to previous measurements and are interpreted in the chiral effective field theory framework to extract the electromagnetic dipole polarizabilities of the proton, which gives $α^p_{E1} = 13.8 ± 1.2_{\text{stat}} ± 0.1_{\text{BSR}} ± 0. 3_{\text{theo}} , β^p_{M1} = 0.2 ∓ 1. 2_{\text{stat}} ± 0. 1_{\text{BSR}} ∓ 0. 3_{\text{theo}}$ in units of $10^{–4}$ fm$^3$ .

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Exclusive dielectron production in ultraperipheral Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV with ATLAS

Exclusive production of dielectron pairs, γγ → e + e – , is studied using $\mathcal{L}_{int}$ = 1.72 nb –1 of data from ultraperipheral collisions of lead nuclei at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The process of interest proceeds via photon–photon interactions in the strong electromagnetic fields of relativistic lead nuclei. Dielectron production is measured in the fiducial region defined by following requirements: electron transverse momentum $p^{e}_{T}$ > 2.5 GeV, absolute electron pseudorapidity |η e | < 2.5, dielectron invariant mass m ee > 5 GeV, and dielectron transverse momentum $p^{ee}_{T}$ < 2 GeV. Differential cross-sections are measured as a function of m ee , average $p^{e}_{T}$, absolute dielectron rapidity |y ee |, and scattering angle in the dielectron rest frame, |cos θ*|, in the inclusive sample, and also with a requirement of no activity in the forward direction. The total integrated fiducial cross-section is measured to be 215 ± 1 (stat) $^{+23}_{-20}$ (syst.) ± 4 (lumi.) μ b. Within experimental uncertainties the measured integrated cross-section is in good agreement with the QED predictions from the Monte Carlo programs STARLIGHT and SUPERCHIC, confirming the broad features of the initial photon fluxes. The differential cross-sections show systematic differences from these predictions which are more pronounced at high |y ee | and |cos θ*| values.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

EXCLUSIVE NEUTRAL PION ELECTROPRODUCTION CROSS SECTION MEASUREMENTSWITHANEUTRALPARTICLE SPECTROMETER

Deep Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS), the exclusive electron-proton scattering process ep ¿e'p'¿, provides access to generalized parton distributions (GPDs), which correlate information about the longitudinal momentum and transverse spatial structure of quarks inside the nucleon. Experiment E12-13-010 in Hall C at Jefferson Lab was designed to take high-precision measurements of the DVCS cross section over an extended kinematic range using the newly commissioned Neutral Particle Spectrometer (NPS). The NPS features a high-resolution electromagnetic calorimeter and a streaming data acquisition system optimized for operation at high luminosities. This thesis presents the detector and analysis work carried out to support the NPS DVCS program. In particular, it focuses on the hardware design, calibration, and performance of the calorimeter. A development of a waveform reconstruction analysis of the calorimeter signals enabled improved extraction of pulse amplitudes and times. The waveform analysis was also extended to operate in a multithreaded environment, substantially reducing processing time for large datasets. Analysis of exclusive neutral pion electroproduction events in the calorimeter gives a strong validation of the calorimeter’s performance and resolution. Together these developments establish a foundation for future analyses and extraction of the DVCS cross section and its use in constraining the GPDs.

Kerver, Mitchell [Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA ↗
DOE OSTI2026

Phononic Casimir Effect in Planar Materials

The phononic Casimir effect between planar objects is investigated by deriving a formalism from the quantum partition function of the system following multiscattering approach. This fluctuation-induced coupling is mediated by phonons modeled as an effective elastic medium. We find that excitations with three types of polarizations arise from the resolved boundary conditions, however the coupling is dominated by only one of these degrees of freedom due to exponential suppression effects in the other two. Here, the obtained scaling laws and dependence on materials properties and temperature suggest effective pathways of interaction control. Scenarios of materials combinations are envisioned where the phononic Casimir effect is of similar order as the standard Casimir interaction mediated by electromagnetic fluctuations.

Acoustic phonons↗
DOE OSTI2019

Electric Form Factor of the Neutron from Asymmetry Measurements

The overwhelming majority of visible mass in the universe is composed of protons and neutrons, collectively known as nucleons, which are arguably the most important strongly interacting systems to study. A nucleon may naively be thought of as a composite object built out of three non-interacting sub-objects, known as quarks, in the large energy limit; however, the structure of the nucleon is much more complicated, and consequently far richer, than a simple valence-quark picture. There are sea quarks in addition to valence quarks that interact strongly via the exchange of gluons resulting in a complex vacuum structure, and the collective system must give rise to the observed properties of the nucleon, e.g. the radius and mass. The nucleon is the most well-studied hadron and yet there are still unresolved complexities in the calculation of properties from first principles of QCD; this represents a central problem in nuclear physics. The theoretical difficulty with the nucleon requires experimentation, which is steadily increasing the knowledge of nucleon structure and the strong interaction. The subject of this thesis pertains to nucleon electromagnetic form factors which are fundamental quantities containing information on the spatial and momentum distributions of charge and current within the nucleon. Nucleon form factors may be accessed through well-understood leading order electromagnetic processes with a leptonic probe, and provide strong constraints on testing non-perturbative QCD and nuclear structure models. The form factor ratio of the neutron has been extracted via a beam-target helicity asymmetry measurement. The Jefferson Lab Hall A experiment E02-013 ran in 2006 utilizing the 6 GeV CEBAF for its high-duty, longitudinally polarized electron beam. The double-arm coincidence experiment detected the quasielastically scattered electrons in a large angular and momentum acceptance spectrometer. The recoiling nucleons were detected and momentum analyzed in a large scintillator-iron based neutron detector. The analysis of a previously unpublished extraction of the electric form factor of the neutron is presented.

Obrecht, Richard↗
DOE OSTI2023

Current rectification based on noncentrosymmetric quantum materials

Rectification is a process that converts electromagnetic fields into direct current (DC). Such a process underlies a wide range of technologies, including wireless communication, wireless charging, energy harvesting, and infrared detection. Existing rectifiers are mostly based on semiconductor diodes, with limited applicability to small voltages or high frequency inputs. Here, we present an alternative approach to current rectification that uses the electronic properties of quantum crystals without semiconductor junctions. We identify a new mechanism for rectification from skew scattering due to the chirality of itinerant electrons in time-reversal-invariant but inversion-breaking materials. Our calculations reveal large, tunable rectification effects in graphene multilayers and transition metal dichalcogenides. These effects can be used in high-frequency rectifiers by rational material design and quantum wavefunction engineering.

Isobe, Hiroki↗
DOE OSTI2024

Producing entangled photon pairs and quantum squeezed states in plasmas

Plasma is capable of mediating the conversion of two pump photons into two different photons through a relativistic four-wave mixing nonlinearity. Spontaneously created photon pairs are emitted at symmetric angles with respect to the colinear pump direction, and the emission rate is largest if they have identical frequency. Thus, two orthogonally polarized pumps can produce polarization-entangled photon pairs through a millimeter-long homogeneous plasma. Here, the noise from Raman scattering can be avoided if the pump detuning differs from twice the plasma frequency. However, pump detuning exactly equal to twice the plasma frequency can significantly enhance the interaction rate, which allows for the production of strong two-mode squeezed states. Remarkably, the amplified noise from Raman scattering are correlated and hence can be suppressed in one of the output quadratures, thereby maintaining the squeezing magnitude.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Measurement of the liquid argon scintillation pulse shape using differentiable simulation in the coherent CAPTAIN-Mills experiment

The coherent CAPTAIN-Mills (CCM) experiment is a liquid argon (LAr) light collection detector searching for MeV-scale neutrino and beyond Standard Model physics signatures. Two hundred eight-inch photomultiplier tubes instrument the seven-ton fiducial volume with 50% photocathode coverage to detect light produced by charged particles. CCM’s light-based approach reduces requirements of LAr purity, compared to other detection technologies, such that sub-MeV particles can be reliably detected without additional LAr filtration and with 𝒪⁡(1) parts per million of common contaminants. We present a measurement of LAr light production and propagation parameters, with uncertainties, obtained from a sample of MeV-scale electromagnetic events. The optimization of this high-dimensional parameter space was facilitated by a differentiable optical photon Monte Carlo simulation and detailed photomultiplier tube response characterization. This result accurately predicts the timing and spatial distribution of light due to scintillation and Cherenkov emission in the detector. This is the first description of photon propagation in LAr to include several effects, including anomalous dispersion of the index of refraction near the ultraviolet resonance, Mie scattering from impurities, and Cherenkov light production.

Cherenkov detectors↗
DOE OSTI2023

Differentiating Between Simultaneous Loss Drivers in Earth's Outer Radiation Belt: Multi‐Dimensional Phase Space Density Analysis

Abstract We analyzed the contribution of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave driven electron loss to a flux dropout event in September 2017. The evolution of electron phase space density (PSD) through the dropout showed the formation of a radially peaked PSD profile as electrons were lost at high L* , resembling distributions created by magnetopause shadowing. By comparing 2D Fokker Planck simulations of pitch angle diffusion to the observed change in PSD, we found that the μ and K of electron loss aligned with maximum scattering rates at dropout onset. We conclude that, during this dropout event, EMIC waves produced substantial electron loss. Because pitch angle diffusion occurred on closed drift paths near the last closed drift shell, no radial PSD minimum was observed. Therefore, the radial PSD gradients resembled solely magnetopause shadowing loss, even though the local pitch angle scattering produced electron losses of several orders of magnitude of the PSD.

Staples, F. A.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Observation of the molecular response to light upon photoexcitation

Abstract When a molecule interacts with light, its electrons can absorb energy from the electromagnetic field by rapidly rearranging their positions. This constitutes the first step of photochemical and photophysical processes that include primary events in human vision and photosynthesis. Here, we report the direct measurement of the initial redistribution of electron density when the molecule 1,3-cyclohexadiene (CHD) is optically excited. Our experiments exploit the intense, ultrashort hard x-ray pulses of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) to map the change in electron density using ultrafast x-ray scattering. The nature of the excited electronic state is identified with excellent spatial resolution and in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The excited state electron density distributions are thus amenable to direct experimental observation.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Finite-difference time-domain methods

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is a widespread numerical tool for full-wave analysis of electromagnetic fields in complex media and for detailed geometries. Applications of the FDTD method cover a range of time and spatial scales, extending from subatomic to galactic lengths and from classical to quantum physics. Technology areas that benefit from the FDTD method include biomedicine — bioimaging, biophotonics, bioelectronics and biosensors; geophysics — remote sensing, communications, space weather hazards and geolocation; metamaterials — sub-wavelength focusing lenses, electromagnetic cloaks and continuously scanning leaky-wave antennas; optics — diffractive optical elements, photonic bandgap structures, photonic crystal waveguides and ring-resonator devices; plasmonics — plasmonic waveguides and antennas; and quantum applications — quantum devices and quantum radar. This Primer summarizes the main features of the FDTD method, along with key extensions that enable accurate solutions to be obtained for different research questions. Additionally, hardware considerations are discussed, plus examples of how to extract magnitude and phase data, Brillouin diagrams and scattering parameters from the output of an FDTD model. Furthermore, the Primer ends with a discussion of ongoing challenges and opportunities to further enhance the FDTD method for current and future applications.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Mass dependence of pseudoscalar meson elastic form factors

A continuum approach to quark-antiquark bound-states is used to determine the electromagnetic form factors of pion-like mesons with masses m 0- /GeV = 0.14, 0.47, 0.69, 0.83 on a spacelike domain that extends to Q 2 ≲ 10 GeV 2 . The results enable direct comparisons with contemporary lattice-QCD calculations of heavy-pion form factors at large values of momentum transfer and aid in understanding them. Finally, they also reveal, inter alia, that the form factor of the physical pion provides the best opportunity for verification of the factorised hard-scattering formula relevant to this class of exclusive processes and that this capacity diminishes steadily as the meson mass becomes heavier.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Measurement of the Neutron Electromagnetic Form Factors at High Momentum Transfer Using a Polarized 3He Target at Jefferson Lab

Ever since the composite structure of nucleons was uncovered, many experiments have been commissioned with the purpose of extracting parameters that shape our understanding of this structure. Form factors are powerful tools that rest at the forefront of the nucleon structure study. In the non-relativistic limit, they describe the magnetic and charge distributions inside the nucleon. The GEn-II experiment, which ran in Hall A of Jefferson Lab as a part of the SuperBigbite Spectrometer (SBS) program, aimed to extract the ratio of the neutron’s electric to magnetic Sachs form factors (GnE/GnM. This was accomplished using the double polarization technique: scattering polarized electrons with initial energies up to 8.45 GeV off high-density polarized 3He targets. The experiment was a coincidence measurement, with the scattered electrons detected in the BigBite Spectrometer and the recoil nucleons in a hadron calorimeter, a part of the SuperBigbite Spectrometer. The convection-style target cells used in this experiment have a 60cm long target chamber, an increase from the 40 cm cell used in the most recent polarized 3He target experiment. In addition, the cells were optically pumped from two sides of the pumping chamber. These improvements in design and functionality introduced world-record-breaking luminosity. This thesis presents preliminary results of the GEn-II experiment for the following 4-momentum transfer (Q2) values: 2.93, 6.76, and 9.78 GeV2, in addition to target performance and preliminary polarimetry results.

Presley, Hunter [Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesvill↗