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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Gemini IX experiments - zodiacal light and airglow horizon photography, micrometeorite collection, body fluid bioassay, astronaut maneuvering unit, and UHF-VHF polarization
VHF-UHF Faraday rotation experiment with Gemini IX spacecraft
Effect of corpuscular fluxes and electron photoloosening reaction on formation of ionospheric D layer
Ionospheric electron content calculation method applied to Faraday fading signals
Automatic recording equipment measuring polarization angle of Syncom III 137 mc/s radio signal and determination of ionospheric total electron content
Meteoritic dust particle effect on steady state distribution of electrons and ions in lower ionosphere, deriving expression for recombination coefficient from auroral radio absorption data
Conjugate ducting observation via fixed frequency topside-sounder satellite, estimating electron concentration difference
Electron temperature and concentration at 1000 km altitude, obtaining resolution of two full diurnal cycles of ionospheric behavior
Ionospheric electron content measured using passage of transit IVA radio beacon satellite across view field of observing station
Rocket observations of lowest ionosphere at sunrise and sunset
Omicron I satellite measurements of total ionospheric electron content, comparing values at Houghton, Michigan, with others for different latitudes
Global response of topside ionosphere to magnetic disturbances at solar minimum studied from electron concentration measurements at 640 km
Ionospheric electron content variation across sunrise and sunset lines deduced from radio-beacon satellite transmissions
Measurements of neutron intensity and electron density in ionosphere
The Mariner-6 and -7 occultation experiments provide sets of Doppler residuals from which physical properties of the Martian atmosphere, such as the ionospheric electron-density distribution and the lower-atmosphere temperature profile, may be derived. The Doppler residuals contain both systematic and random errors. The former are removed during the data reduction, and the latter are analyzed to yield error limits on the derived physical properties of the atmosphere.
E- and lower F-region data obtained by the incoherent scatter radar of Chatanika, Alaska were used to analyze the height-integrated Hall and Pedersen conductivities, electric fields, ionospheric currents, electron densities, and rate of heating of the neutral atmosphere by particle precipitation and by electric current dissipation during the period of intense solar flares, August 4-7, 1972. Although the magnetosphere was unusually disturbed magnetically, the radar data were in general not particularly larger than those seen during more quiet periods. Chatanika seemed to be in the auroral oval during nearly the whole of the time period studied, implying a greatly expanded size of the oval.
The measurements taken during the first year of the Pioneer Venus orbiter retarding potential analyzer indicate the changes of ion and electron temperatures with solar zenith angles. The ion density decreases by an order of magnitude from dayside to nightside; median ion temperatures above 300 km are constant with the solar zenith angle below 150 deg and reach 2300 K at the ionopause. The ion temperatures below 300 km are almost constant with solar zenith angles during the dayside, but increase with the angles on the nightside. The electron temperatures suggest a constant heat flux into the electron gas at the ionopause which may be supplied by dissipation of energy by the whistler mode plasma waves at the ionopause and/or conduction of heat from the ionosheath through the mantle.
Various topics concerned with the upper atmosphere of the earth and planets are discussed. The atmospheres of the terrestrial planets are addressed, emphasizing Venus. The energy budget of the mesosphere and thermosphere is considered, discussing current and particles as energy sources, the radiation field, and neutral atmosphere dynamics. The results of Pre-Map Project One are covered, and the International Reference Ionosphere is discussed, including electron density profiles, the lower ionosphere, the plasmasphere, plasma temperature profiles, and ion composition. Finally, the mass spectroscopy of atmospheres is treated.