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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 325 records · Page 18
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NASA NTRS2006

Magnetite in Martian Meteorite Mil 03346 and Gusev Adirondack Class Basalt: Moessbauer Evidence for Variability in the Oxidation State of Adirondack Lavas

The Moessbauer spectrometers on the Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit (Gusev crater) and Opportunity (Meridiani Planum) have returned information on the oxidation state of iron, the mineralogical composition of Fe-bearing phases, and the distribution of Fe among oxidation states and phases [1,2,3]. To date, ~100 and ~85 surface targets have been analyzed by the Spirit and Opportunity spectrometers, respectively. Twelve component subspectra (8 doublets and 4 sextets) have been identified and most have been assigned to mineralogical compositions [4]. Two sextet subspectra result from the opaque and strongly magnetic mineral magnetite (Fe3O4 for the stoichiometric composition), one each for the crystallographic sites occupied by tetrahedrally-coordinated Fe3+ and by octahedrally-coordinated Fe3+ and Fe2+. At Gusev crater, the percentage of total Fe associated with magnetite for rocks ranges from 0 to ~ 35% (Fig. 1) [3]. The range for soils (~5 to ~12% of total Fe from Mt, with one exception) is narrower. The ubiquitous presence of Mt in soil firmly establishes the phase as the strongly magnetic component in martian soil

Morris, R. V.↗
NASA NTRS2006

Magnetite in Martian Meteorite Mil 03346 and Gusev Adirondack Class Basalt: Mossbauer Evidence for Variability in the Oxidation State of Adirondack Lavas

The Moessbauer spectrometers on the Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit (Gusev crater) and Opportunity (Meridiani Planum) have returned information on the oxidation state of iron, the mineralogical composition of Fe-bearing phases, and the distribution of Fe among oxidation states and phases [1,2,3]. To date, approx.100 and approx.85 surface targets have been analyzed by the Spirit and Opportunity spectrometers, respectively. Twelve component subspectra (8 doublets and 4 sextets) have been identified and most have been assigned to mineralogical compositions [4]. Two sextet subspectra result from the opaque and strongly magnetic mineral magnetite (Fe3O4 for the stoichiometric composition), one each for the crystallographic sites occupied by tetrahedrally-coordinated Fe3+ and by octahedrally-coordinated Fe3+ and Fe2+. At Gusev crater, the percentage of total Fe associated with magnetite for rocks ranges from 0 to approx. 35% (Fig. 1) [3]. The range for soils (approx.5 to approx.12% of total Fe from Mt, with one exception) is narrower. The ubiquitous presence of Mt in soil firmly establishes the phase as the strongly magnetic component in martian soil [4,5].

Morris, R. V.↗
NASA NTRS2015

Rheology of Lava Flows on Europa and the Emergence of Cryovolcanic Domes

There is ample evidence that Europa is currently geologically active. Crater counts suggest that the surface is no more than 90 Myr old, and cryovolcanism may have played a role in resurfacing the satellite in recent geological times. Europa's surface exhibits many putative cryovolcanic features, and previous investigations have suggested that a number of domes imaged by the Galileo spacecraft may be volcanic in origin. Consequently, several Europa domes have been modeled as viscous effusions of cryolava. However, previous models for the formation of silicic domes on the terrestrial planets contain fundamental shortcomings. Many of these shortcomings have been alleviated in our new modeling approach, which warrants a re-assessment of the possibility of cryovolcanic domes on Europa.

Briny Solutions↗
NASA NTRS2017

Young Lunar Volcanism: Irregular Mae Patches as Drained Lava Ponds and Inflated Flows

Irregular mare patches (IMPs) were previously proposed as sites of young lunar volcanism and/or endogenic activity [1-3], raising the possibility that volcanism on the Moon may not have ended approximately 1 Ga as determined from surface ages [4]. The wide-spread occurrence of more than 70 IMPs on the lunar nearside suggests a correlation with Th-rich PKT regions and a basaltic composition [1,2]. IMPs exhibit at least two types of deposit morphologies: (a) dome-like, steep-sided and smooth mounds and (b) low-relief ropy (LRR) to hummocky (LRH) materials (Fig. 1). Morphologic indicators such as steep (>40 deg) margin slopes across distances <10 m and crisp boundaries imply ages less than a few 100 Ma [e.g.,1-3]. The IMPs also have relatively few superposed craters >10 m in diameter, and young absolute model ages, which when combined with their superposition on young crater deposits like the continuous ejecta of Aristarchus crater, imply ages approximately 10 Ma to 100 Ma [1,2]. However, the mounds do not exhibit blocky crater morphologies, nor fracturing typical of young volcanic deposits, and the mound texture resembles that of mature regolith [e.g., 2,5], implying a much older age (approximately 3.5 Ga). These contrasting indicators have led to the proposal of widely varying formation mechanisms that range from ancient volcanism modified by recent tectonism [6] or outgassing [3,7], ancient volcanism of atypical materials [8], to Copernican-era volcanism [1,2].

Stopar, J. D.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Scale resolving simulations of the NASA Juncture Flow Model using the LAVA solver

Two distinct simulation methodologies: Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) and stress based Wall-modelled Large Eddy Simulation (WMLES) are evaluated using structured overset curvilinear grids for the NASA juncture flow model. While both methodologies are shown to mitigate the primary shortcomings of steady state Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes(RANS) simulations, several unresolved aspects are identified. Strong sensitivity to RANS-typegrid refinement is observed in the DDES with a substantial deterioration of the solution quality with increasing spatial resolution associated with deficiencies in the shielding function. Mean profiles for attached boundary layers on the fuselage show spurious inflections suggesting modelled stress depletion on finer grids. Lower numerical dissipation in terms of spatial discretization and time step size is seen to improve the solution quality, and the advantage of using RC and QCR2000 corrections in the underlying RANS closure is demonstrated for DDES on RANS-type meshes. Equilibrium Wall-Modelled LES used grids that resolved the tripping dots over the fuselage nose and the wing leading edge, consistent with the experiment setup. These simulations resulted in a cost-competitive approach compared to DDES on RANS-type grids. Although the agreement between WMLES predictions of first and second order single point statistics with experimental measurements is promising, a fundamental shortcoming is noted in terms of an overshoot in streamwise momentum in corner regions of the wing-fuselage juncture. This excess momentum subsequently delays the onset of separation,thereby resulting in an underprediction in length of the separation bubble. Some quantitative sensitivity to numerical discretization is observed; lowering of numerical dissipation shows better agreement with the experiment.

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