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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 325 records · Page 18

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NASA NTRS1971

Spacecraft orbit/earth scan derivations, associated APL program, and application to IMP-6

The derivation of a time shared, remote site, demand processed computer program is discussed. The computer program analyzes the effects of selected orbit, attitude, and spacecraft parameters on earth sensor detections of earth. For prelaunch analysis, the program may be used to simulate effects in nominal parameters which are used in preparing attitude data processing programs. After launch, comparison of results from a simulation and from satellite data will produce deviations helpful in isolating problems.

Smith, G. A.↗

NASA NTRS1972

Processing and analysis of data from the University of Chicago experiments on the IMP 4 and 5 spacecraft

Data from the Charged Particle Experiments of the IMP-4 and 5 spacecraft were processed and analyzed from launch through reentry. Approximately 95 percent of all data transmitted was recovered, processed, and analyzed. The computer programming and operational procedures which were developed to perform the processing and analysis of the data are discussed. The scientific results obtained from the analysis of the data are summarized. A bibliography of documents based on these experiments is included.

Simpson, J. A.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Integrated payload and mission planning, phase 3. Volume 2: Logic/Methodology for preliminary grouping of spacelab and mixed cargo payloads

The logic and methodology for a preliminary grouping of Spacelab and mixed-cargo payloads is proposed in a form that can be readily coded into a computer program by NASA. The logic developed for this preliminary cargo grouping analysis is summarized. Principal input data include the NASA Payload Model, payload descriptive data, Orbiter and Spacelab capabilities, and NASA guidelines and constraints. The first step in the process is a launch interval selection in which the time interval for payload grouping is identified. Logic flow steps are then taken to group payloads and define flight configurations based on criteria that includes dedication, volume, area, orbital parameters, pointing, g-level, mass, center of gravity, energy, power, and crew time.

Rodgers, T. E.↗

NASA NTRS1976

An application of the Multi-Purpose System Simulation /MPSS/ model to the Monitor and Control Display System /MACDS/ at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration /NASA/ Goddard Space Flight Center /GSFC/

The Multi-Purpose System Simulator (MPSS) model was used to investigate the current and projected performance of the Monitor and Control Display System (MACDS) at the Goddard Space Flight Center in processing and displaying launch data adequately. MACDS consists of two interconnected mini-computers with associated terminal input and display output equipment and a disk-stored data base. Three configurations of MACDS were evaluated via MPSS and their performances ascertained. First, the current version of MACDS was found inadequate to handle projected launch data loads because of unacceptable data backlogging. Second, the current MACDS hardware with enhanced software was capable of handling two times the anticipated data loads. Third, an up-graded hardware ensemble combined with the enhanced software was capable of handling four times the anticipated data loads.

Mill, F. W.↗

NASA NTRS1983

The IRAS project organisation and mission operations

The project organisation of IRAS is described, showing the tasks assigned to each project group during post-launch operations. The satellite is described, emphasizing the detectors. In the task division, the role of the U.S. is to construct the telescope and survey instrument, launch the satellite, process final science data for the survey instrument, and provide certain standard satellite items. The Netherlands construct the spacecraft and three additional instruments, integrates and tests the overall satellite, and designs and participates in the development of the operational system. The U.K. provides the operational control center and primary tracking station, generates a system for preliminary science analysis of the survey data, provides housekeeping analysis software and science data distribution software, and staffs the control center operations. The teams involved in mission planning and operations, and their roles, are identified, and a block diagram of the operations organisation is presented.

Van Holtz, R. C.↗

NASA NTRS1984

A view of future technology needs for space transportation

This paper addresses an independent assessment of space transportation requirements within the NASA and Military Space Systems Technology Models. A critical examination is made of the system needs of the various flight elements with the models as compared to independent technology forecasts and possible technology deficiencies are discussed. These deficits impact the requisite developments needed for chemical propulsion, thermal protection systems, fuel cells, guidance, avionics and data processing for both launch vehicles and orbital transfer vehicles. Also addressed are potential alternative propellant technologies and their impact upon transfer vehicle systems. The primary focus of these anticipated technology developments will be to reduce operational costs, expand flexibility, and increase the payload capability of space transportation.

Gartrell, C. F.↗

NASA NTRS1989

MIDAS - Mission design and analysis software for the optimization of ballistic interplanetary trajectories

A patched conic trajectory optimization program MIDAS is described that was developed to investigate a wide variety of complex ballistic heliocentric transfer trajectories. MIDAS includes the capability of optimizing trajectory event times such as departure date, arrival date, and intermediate planetary flyby dates and is able to both add and delete deep space maneuvers when dictated by the optimization process. Both powered and unpowered flyby or gravity assist trajectories of intermediate bodies can be handled and capability is included to optimize trajectories having a rendezvous with an intermediate body such as for a sample return mission. Capability is included in the optimization process to constrain launch energy and launch vehicle parking orbit parameters.

Sauer, Carl G., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1992

The post Challenger era Get Away Special program January 1992

The Get Away Special (GAS) program is described in terms of the changes that have taken place in both NASA and the GAS itself. Attention is given to the relationships developed between NASA and GAS customers in the context of programmatic and technical issues. The background of the GAS program is outlined with reference given to policy publications, the design of the Flight Verification Payload, and the first GAS payload launched. A review process is described that facilitates the management of the payloads through flight certification. The GAS Bridge was developed to carry up to 12 payloads simultaneously, and the recent period of GAS inactivity is explained. A price increase is introduced for future GAS payloads with negotiable access to optional services, and the ease and accessibility of the GAS programs for private experiments is emphasized.

Prouty, Clarke↗

NASA NTRS1993

Advanced collapsible tank for liquid containment

Tanks for bulk liquid containment will be required to support advanced planetary exploration programs. Potential applications include storage of potable, process, and waste water, and fuels and process chemicals. The launch mass and volume penalties inherent in rigid tanks suggest that collapsible tanks may be more efficient. Collapsible tanks are made of lightweight flexible material and can be folded compactly for storage and transport. Although collapsible tanks for terrestrial use are widely available, a new design was developed that has significantly less mass and bulk than existing models. Modelled after the shape of a sessible drop, this design features a dual membrane with a nearly uniform stress distribution and a low surface-to-volume ratio. It can be adapted to store a variety of liquids in nearly any environment with constant acceleration field. Three models of 10L, 50L, and 378L capacity have been constructed and tested. The 378L (100 gallon) model weighed less than 10 percent of a commercially available collapsible tank of equivalent capacity, and required less than 20 percent of the storage space when folded for transport.

Flanagan, David T.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Emergency medical operations at Kennedy Space Center in support of space shuttle

The unique environment of the Kennedy Space Center includes a wide variety of industrial processes culminating in launch and spaceflight. Many are potentially hazardous to the work force and the astronauts. Technology, planning, training, and quality control are utilized to prevent contingencies and expedite response should a contingency occur.

Myers, K. J.↗

NASA NTRS1989

Application of statistical distribution theory to launch-on-time for space construction logistic support

The ability to launch-on-time and to send payloads into space has progressed dramatically since the days of the earliest missile and space programs. Causes for delay during launch, i.e., unplanned 'holds', are attributable to several sources: weather, range activities, vehicle conditions, human performance, etc. Recent developments in space program, particularly the need for highly reliable logistic support of space construction and the subsequent planned operation of space stations, large unmanned space structures, lunar and Mars bases, and the necessity of providing 'guaranteed' commercial launches have placed increased emphasis on understanding and mastering every aspect of launch vehicle operations. The Center of Space Construction has acquired historical launch vehicle data and is applying these data to the analysis of space launch vehicle logistic support of space construction. This analysis will include development of a better understanding of launch-on-time capability and simulation of required support systems for vehicle assembly and launch which are necessary to support national space program construction schedules. In this paper, the author presents actual launch data on unscheduled 'hold' distributions of various launch vehicles. The data have been supplied by industrial associate companies of the Center for Space Construction. The paper seeks to determine suitable probability models which describe these historical data and that can be used for several purposes such as: inputs to broader simulations of launch vehicle logistic space construction support processes and the determination of which launch operations sources cause the majority of the unscheduled 'holds', and hence to suggest changes which might improve launch-on-time. In particular, the paper investigates the ability of a compound distribution probability model to fit actual data, versus alternative models, and recommends the most productive avenues for future statistical work.

Morgenthaler, George W.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Emergency Medical Operations at Kennedy Space Center in Support of Space Shuttle

Myers, K. Jeffrey↗

NASA NTRS1999

STS-103 Discovery Launch Scrub Press Conference

A press conference held on December 16, 1999, to explain the reason behind NASA's decision to delay the Discovery's launching by a period of 24 hrs is presented. According to Ron Dittemore, Space Shuttle Program Manager, the STS-103 team delayed the launch because they need extra time to check one vendor's manufacturing processes, after an x-ray inspection revealed that an improper weld rod was used to weld one of the pressuring lines (called NPS lines) in the ET (external tank). Mr. Dittemore explained that since it is in the ET (not a major load carrying structure and rebuild after each flight), it did not pose any danger to the STS-103 flight. However, the same vendor also manufactured some parts of the orbiter and the team wanted to make sure that the quality of the vendor's manufacturing processes is robust before launching the orbiter to space. He also answered some reporters' questions.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1999

Design, Development,and Testing of Umbillical System Mechanisms for the X-33 Advanced Technology Demonstrator

The X-33 Advanced Technology Demonstrator is an un-piloted, vertical take-off, horizontal landing spacecraft. The purpose of the X-33 program is to demonstrate technologies that will dramatically lower the cost of access to space. The rocket-powered X-33 will reach an altitude of up to 100 km and speeds between Mach 13 and 15. Fifteen flight tests are planned, beginning in 2000. Some of the key technologies demonstrated will be the linear aerospike engine, improved thermal protection systems, composite fuel tanks and reduced operational timelines. The X-33 vehicle umbilical connections provide monitoring, power, cooling, purge, and fueling capability during horizontal processing and vertical launch operations. Two "rise-ofF' umbilicals for the X-33 have been developed, tested, and installed. The X-33 umbilical systems mechanisms incorporate several unique design features to simplify horizontal operations and provide reliable disconnect during launch.

Littlefield, Alan C.↗

NASA NTRS2000

Design, Development, And Testing of Umbilical System Mechanisms for the X-33 Advanced Technology Demonstrator

The X-33 Advanced Technology Demonstrator is an un-piloted, vertical take-off, horizontal landing spacecraft. The purpose of the X-33 program is to demonstrate technologies that will dramatically lower the cost of access to space. The rocket-powered X-33 will reach an altitude of up to 100 km and speeds between Mach 13 and 15. Fifteen flight tests are planned, beginning in 2000. Some of the key technologies demonstrated will be the linear aerospike engine, improved thermal protection systems, composite fuel tanks and reduced operational timelines. The X-33 vehicle umbilical connections provide monitoring, power, cooling, purge, and fueling capability during horizontal processing and vertical launch operations. Two "rise-off" umbilicals for the X-33 have been developed, tested, and installed. The X-33 umbilical systems mechanisms incorporate several unique design features to simplify horizontal operations and provide reliable disconnect during launch.

Littlefield, Alan C.↗

NASA NTRS2001

Effects of Manufacturing and Deployment on Thin Films for the NGTS Sunshade

The Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) is being developed as an advanced astronomical observatory. The NGST proposes to utilize several thin film membrane layers to create a shield for protection of the telescope from solar thermal energy and stray light, The shield will take the form of a polygon, approximately 15 x 30 m, with individual membrane layers positioned so that they do not come in contact with one another. The membrane shield will be deployed and supported by a series of booms, which will be packed into a small volume for launch. Finally, the shield will be deployed on orbit. Several film materials are being considered for the membrane shield, including CPI, Kapton E, Kapton RN, and Upilex. Each of these polyimide materials was tested to determine their durability over the 10-year mission. New facets of materials testing have been introduced in this study to develop performance data with greater realism to actual use, particularly that of degradation from packing, launch and deployment processing. Materials were exposed to handling that simulated the life of the materials from manufacture through deployment with standardized fixtures and then exposed to a simulated, L2, 10-year radiation environment. Mechanical and thermal radiative properties were measured before and after each phase of testing. This paper summarizes the program and test results.

Wooldridge, Eve M.↗

NASA NTRS2001

NASA IVHM Technology Experiment for X-vehicles (NITEX)

The purpose of the NASA IVHM Technology Experiment for X-vehicles (NITEX) is to advance the development of selected IVHM technologies in a flight environment and to demonstrate the potential for reusable launch vehicle ground processing savings. The technologies to be developed and demonstrated include system-level and detailed diagnostics for real-time fault detection and isolation, prognostics for fault prediction, automated maintenance planning based on diagnostic and prognostic results, and a microelectronics hardware platform. Complete flight The Evolution of Flexible Insulation as IVHM consists of advanced sensors, distributed data acquisition, data processing that includes model-based diagnostics, prognostics and vehicle autonomy for control or suggested action, and advanced data storage. Complete ground IVHM consists of evolved control room architectures, advanced applications including automated maintenance planning and automated ground support equipment. This experiment will advance the development of a subset of complete IVHM.

Sandra, Hayden↗

NASA NTRS2003

Nonlinear Thermal Analyses of a Liquid Hydrogen Tank Wall

A thermal evaluation of a composite tank wall design for a liquid hydrogen tank was performed in the present study. The primary focus of the current effort was to perform one-dimensional, temperature nonlinear, transient thermal analyses to determine the through-the-thickness temperature profiles. These profiles were used to identify critical points within the flight envelope that could have detrimental effects on the adhesive bondlines used in the construction of the tank wall. Additionally, this paper presents the finite element models, analysis strategies, and thermal analysis results that were determined for several vehicle flight conditions. The basic tank wall configuration used to perform the thermal analyses consisted of carbon-epoxy facesheets and a Korex honeycomb core sandwich that was insulated with an Airex cryogenic foam and an Alumina Enhanced Thermal Barrier (AETB-12). Nonlinear, transient thermal analyses were conducted using the ABAQUS finite element code. Tank wall models at a windward side location on the fuel tank were analyzed for three basic flight conditions: cold-soak (ground-hold), ascent, and re-entry. Additionally, three ambient temperature boundary conditions were applied to the tank wall for the cold-soak condition, which simulated the launch pad cooldown process. Time-dependent heating rates were used in the analyses of the ascent and reentry segments of the flight history along with temperature dependent material properties. The steady-state through-the-thickness temperature profile from the cold-soak condition was used as the initial condition for the ascent analyses. Results from the nonlinear thermal analyses demonstrated very good correlation with results from similar models evaluated by Northrop- Grumman using a different analysis tool. Wall through-the-thickness temperature gradients as a function of flight time were obtained for future incorporation into a full-scale thermostructural analysis to evaluate the adhesive bondlines. As a result of the thermal analyses conducted, a sufficient level of confidence was demonstrated in the thermal modeling and analysis capabilities of ABAQUS to warrant future use as a thermo-structural analysis tool to evaluate cryogenic tank wall designs.

Smeltzer, Stanley S., III↗