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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 325 records · Page 18
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Electron Bernstein Wave Studies in MST

The overdense plasma in an RFP prevents electromagnetic waves from propagating past the edge, however use of the electron Bernstein wave (EBW) has the potential to heat and drive current in the plasma. MHD simulations have demonstrated that resistive tearing mode stability is very sensitive to gradients in the edge current density profile allowing EBW to potentially be a stabilizing influence. A new MW level experiment is being commissioned on MST to evaluate the potential use of the EBW for current profile control on the RFP. The development of new equipment includes a 5.5 GHz klystron driven by a novel switchmode power supply. A quartz window has been constructed and coupling with a cylindrical molybdenum wave guide antenna has been studied. Due to the steep edge density gradient in the RFP, it is possible to efficiently couple to the EBW with O or X mode launch. The EBW is strongly damped at the electron cyclotron resonance where it couples to the electron gyromotion and alters the electron distribution. Either Fisch-Boozer or Ohkawa current drive mechanisms can be activated to drive off axis current in the plasma. Preliminary experiments have been performed to verify high power coupling and understand heating via observed x-ray emission when compared to Fokker-Plank modeling in CQL3D.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Tripartite entanglement dynamics of vibrations in triatomic molecules

In the present study, the dynamical behaviors of tripartite entanglement of vibrations in triatomic molecules are studied based on the Lie algebraic models of molecules. The dynamical behaviors of tripartite entanglement of the local mode molecule H{sub 2}O and normal mode molecule NO{sub 2} are comparatively studied for different initial states by employing the general concurrence. Our results show that the dynamics of tripartite entanglement are relied on the dynamics of intramolecular energy distribution. The local mode molecule is more suitable to construct the tripartite entangled states. Also, the greater degree of tripartite entanglement can be obtained if the stretching vibration is first excited. These results shed new light on the understanding of quantum multipartite entanglement of vibrations in the polyatomic molecules.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Production of High Energy Tail Electrons by Electron Bernstein Waves during the Current Start-up Discharges in the LATE Device

Toroidal plasma current is started and ramped up by injecting microwave power in the electron cyclotron range of frequency without induction in the LATE device. Radial scanning with hard X-ray pulse height analysis reveals the production of high energy electrons with average energy {approx}100 keV in the radial region from R = 28 cm to 40.5 cm, which are heated by electron Bernstein wave. The radial profile of photon counts in the energy range from 25 to 200 keV is very similar to that of perpendicular pressure obtained by magnetic measurement and equilibrium analysis, suggesting that a significant portion of trapped electrons exists outside the last closed flux surface. The plasma current inside the LCFS is carried mainly by passing electrons, while some portion of the outside current may be generated as a result of the toroidal precession of trapped electrons.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Investigation on Vibration Response of Aluminum Foam Beams Using Speckle Interferometry

This paper firstly presents a brief review on the representations of speckle fringe pattern in vibration measurement using time-averaged electronic speckle pattern interference (ESPI) method. Based on laser phase noise, a new representation of speckle fringe intensity generated by real-time subtraction ESPI method for vibrating measurement is then proposed. In the experimental performance, the real-time subtraction ESPI method is employed to inspect the vibrating response of a closed-cell aluminum foam cantilever beam. In contract with the results of the finite elemental method simulation, the vibration mode shapes obtained by the ESPI method are well agreed with numerical prediction. The optical vibration analysis is also carried out to determine the effective Young’s modulus of aluminum foam, and the results verify the validation of the ESPI method for investigation on mechanical properties of metal foam materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Vibration responses of h-BN sheet to charge doping and external strain

Based on density functional theory and density functional perturbation theory calculations, we systematically investigate the vibration responses of h-BN sheet to charge doping and external strains. It is found that under hole doping, the phonon frequencies of the ZO and TO branches at different wave vector q shift linearly with different slopes. Under electron doping, although the phonon frequencies shift irregularly, the shifting values are different at different phonon wave vectors. Interestingly, we find that external strain can restrain the irregular vibration responses of h-BN sheet to electron doping. The critical factor is revealed to be the relative position of the nearly free electron and boron p{sub z} states of h-BN sheet. Under external strains, the vibration responses of h-BN sheet are also found to be highly dependent on the phonon branches. Different vibration modes at different q points are revealed to be responsible for the vibration responses of h-BN sheet to charge doping and external strain. Our results point out a new way to detect the doping or strain status of h-BN sheet by measuring the vibration frequencies at different wave vector.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Novel phosphate halides BaMn{sup III}[PO{sub 4}]FCl and BaMn{sup III}[PO{sub 4}]F{sub 2}: Effects of mixed halides on crystal structures and magnetic properties

Two new phosphate halides BaMn{sup III}[PO{sub 4}]FCl (1) and BaMn{sup III}[PO{sub 4}]F{sub 2} (2), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Structural characterizations show that both new compounds adopt layered structures but with different polyhedral linkages. Introduction of Cl into Compound (1) results in isolated hemimorphic [MnO{sub 4}FCl] octahedra, different from the chain of [MnO{sub 4}F{sub 2}]/[MnO{sub 2}F{sub 4}] octahedra in Compound (2). These compounds have significantly different molecular vibration modes and thermal stabilities. Magnetic measurements reveal that Compound (2) has larger antiferromagnetic interactions than Compound (1), because the former has strong interactions between Mn{sup 3+}-Mn{sup 3+} ions within corner-shared Mn{sup 3+}-octahedral chains whereas the latter only possesses isolated Mn{sup 3+}-octahedra. Both compounds transform to a new orthorhombic compound BaMn{sup II}(PO{sub 4})F (3) after thermal decomposition. - Graphical abstract: The large radius of Cl{sup -} ions makesBaMn{sup III}[PO{sub 4}]FCl to adopt isolated [MnO{sub 4}FCl] rather than corner-sharing octahedra as observed in BaMn{sup III}[PO{sub 4}]F{sub 2}. - Highlights: • Two novel phosphate halides BaMn[PO{sub 4}]FCl and BaMn[PO{sub 4}]F{sub 2} have been prepared. • These new compounds adopt different types of layered structures. • They have different molecular vibration modes and thermal stabilities. • BaMn[PO{sub 4}]FCl has weaker antiferromagnetic interactions than BaMn[PO{sub 4}]F{sub 2}. • The former adopts isolated octahedra whereas the latter adopts octahedral chains.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2017

Optimisation of the prism coupling of optical whispering-gallery-mode microcavities

The methods for increasing the coupling efficiency of a prism with spheroidal microcavities, aimed at exciting whispering-gallery modes, have been analytically investigated. Optimal angles of incidence and incident beam parameters are obtained for a spheroidal cavity. The cavity eigenfrequency shift caused by the presence of a prism and the introduced loss by it is calculated. (resonators)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Selective coherent perfect absorption in metamaterials

We show multi-band coherent perfect absorption (CPA) in simple bilayered asymmetrically split ring metamaterials. The selectivity of absorption can be accomplished by separately excited electric and magnetic modes in a standing wave formed by two coherent counterpropagating beams. In particular, each CPA can be completely switched on/off by the phase of a second coherent wave. We propose a practical scheme for realizing multi-band coherent perfect absorption of 100% that is allowed to work from microwave to optical frequency.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2012

Superimposed coherent terahertz wave radiation from mono-energetically bunched multi-beam

Intense coherent radiation is obtained from multiple electron beams monochromatically bunched over the wide higher-order-mode (HOM) spectral band in the THz regime. The overmoded waveguide corrugated by dielectric-implanted staggered gratings superimposes evanescent waves emitted from the low energy electron beams. The dispersion and transmission simulations of the three-beam slow wave structure show that the first two fundamental modes ($TE_{10}$ and $TE_{20}$) are considerably suppressed ($\sim-50$ dB) below the multi-beam resonating mode ($TE_{30}$) at the THz regime (0.8–1.24 THz). The theoretical calculations and particle-in-cell simulations show that with significantly higher interaction impedance and power growth rate radiation of the $TE_{30}$ mode is $\sim$23 dBm and $\sim$50 dBm stronger than the $TE_{10}$ and $TE_{20}$ modes around 1 THz, respectively. As a result, this highly selective HOM multi-beam interaction has potential applications for power THz sources and high intensity accelerators.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Frequency division using a micromechanical resonance cascade

A coupled micromechanical resonator array demonstrates a mechanical realization of multi-stage frequency division. The mechanical structure consists of a set of N sequentially perpendicular microbeams that are connected by relatively weak elastic elements such that the system vibration modes are localized to individual microbeams and have natural frequencies with ratios close to 1:2:⋯:2{sup N}. Conservative (passive) nonlinear inter-modal coupling provides the required energy transfer between modes and is achieved by finite deformation kinematics. When the highest frequency beam is excited, this arrangement promotes a cascade of subharmonic resonances that achieve frequency division of 2{sup j} at microbeam j for j = 1, …, N. Results are shown for a capacitively driven three-stage divider in which an input signal of 824 kHz is passively divided through three modal stages, producing signals at 412 kHz, 206 kHz, and 103 kHz. The system modes are characterized and used to delineate the range of AC input voltages and frequencies over which the cascade occurs. This narrow band frequency divider has simple design rules that are scalable to higher frequencies and can be extended to a larger number of modal stages.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Radiative rate modification in CdSe quantum dot-coated microcavity

Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of the microparticles with spherical or cylindrical symmetry have exceptionally high quality factors and small mode volume. Quantum dots (QDs) are zero dimensional systems with variable band gap as well as luminescent properties with applications in photonics. In this paper, the WGMs have been observed in the luminescence spectra of CdSe QD-coated single silica microspheres. Theoretical estimations of variation of resonance frequency, electric field, and Q-values have been done for a multilayer coating of QDs on silica microspheres. Observed WGMs have been identified for their mode number and polarization using Mie theory. Broadening of modes due to material absorption has been observed. Splitting of WGMs has also been observed due to coherent coupling of counter propagating waves in the microcavity due to the presence of QDs. At room temperature, the time-resolved study indicates the modification of the radiative rate due to coupling of WGMs of the microcavity-QD hybrid system.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Study of vibrational modes and specific heat of wurtzite phase of BN

In these days of nanotechnology the materials like BN is of utmost importance as in hexagonal phase it is among hardest materials. The phonon mode study of the materials is most important factor to find structural and thermodynamcal properties. To study the phonons de launey angular force (DAF) constant model is best suited as it involves many particle interactions. Therefore in this presentation we have studied the lattice dynamical properties and specific heat of BN in wurtzite phase using DAF model. The obtained results are in excellent agreement with existing results.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2012

Selective probe of the morphology and local vibrations at carbon nanoasperities

We introduce a way to selectively probe local vibration modes at nanostructured asperities such as tips of carbon nanohorns. Our observations benefit from signal amplification in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) at sites near a silver surface. We observe nanohorn tip vibration modes in the range 200-500 cm{sup -1}, which are obscured in regular Raman spectra. Ab initio density functional calculations assign modes in this frequency range to local vibrations at the nanohorn cap resembling the radial breathing mode of fullerenes. Careful interpretation of our SERS spectra indicates presence of caps with 5 or 6 pentagons, which are chemically the most active sites. Changes in the peak intensities and frequencies with time indicate that exposure to laser irradiation may cause structural rearrangements at the cap.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Structural phase transition and erasable optically memorized effect in layered γ-In{sub 2}Se{sub 3} crystals

We have grown In{sub 2}Se{sub 3} layered-type crystals using chemical vapor transport method with ICl{sub 3} as the transport agent. The as-grown crystals show two different color groups of black shiny for α-phase In{sub 2}Se{sub 3} and red to yellow for γ-phase In{sub 2}Se{sub 3}. High-resolution transmission electron micro scopy verifies crystalline state and structural polytype of the as-grown In{sub 2}Se{sub 3}. The results indicate that the α-In{sub 2}Se{sub 3} crystals present more crystalline states than those of the other amorphous γ-In{sub 2}Se{sub 3}. The amorphous effect on the advancing of optoelectronic property of γ-In{sub 2}Se{sub 3} shows erasable optical-memorized effect in the disordered and polycrystalline γ-In{sub 2}Se{sub 3} layers. Laser-induced photodarkening and annealed-recovery test verified that a reversible structural-phase transition of γ↔α can occur inside the γ-In{sub 2}Se{sub 3}. Thermoreflectance and Raman scattering measurements are carried out to identify the inter-phase transformation of the γ-In{sub 2}Se{sub 3} polycrystals using different heat treatments. Direct band gaps and Raman vibration modes for the γ- and α-In{sub 2}Se{sub 3} crystalline phases are, respectively, characterized and identified. The character of γ↔α inter-phase transition promotes feasible optical and optoelectronic applications of the γ-In{sub 2}Se{sub 3} material in optical memory, optics, and solar-energy devices.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

A Study of the Terahertz Spectra of Crystalline Materials (Polyethylene, Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) form II, and α-D-Glucose) Using NDDO Semiempirical Methods

Semiempirical quantum chemistry methods offer a very interesting compromise between accuracy and computational complexity. The low-frequency vibration modes of three crystalline materials, namely, polyethylene, poly(vinylidene fluoride) form II, and α-D-glucose, have been studied using the PM6 and PM7 Hamiltonians in order to assess the performance of NDDO methods in the interpretation of terahertz spectra. The results have been compared with the available experimental data and former calculations performed using alternative methods. NDDO calculations are in good qualitative or semiquantitative agreement with the experimentally observed terahertz spectra.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Characteristic properties of Raman scattering and photoluminescence on ZnO crystals doped through phosphorous-ion implantation

P-doped ZnO was fabricated by means of the ion-implantation method. At the Raman measurement, the blue shift of the E{sub 2}{sup high} mode and A{sub 1}(LO) phonon of the inactive mode were observed after the P-ion implantation. It suggested to be caused by the compressive stress. Thus, Hall effect measurement indicates that the acceptor levels exists in P-doped ZnO while still maintaining n-type ZnO. From the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the chemical bond formation of the P2p{sub 3/2} spectrum consisted of 2(P{sub 2}O{sub 5}) molecules. Therefore, the implanted P ions were substituted to the Zn site in ZnO. From the photoluminescence (PL) spectra, P-related PL peaks were observed in the energy ranges of 3.1 and 3.5 eV, and its origin was analyzed at P{sub Zn}-2V{sub Zn} complexes, acting as a shallow acceptor. With increasing temperatures, the neutral-acceptor bound-exciton emission, (A{sup 0}, X), shows a tendency to quench the intensity and extend the emission linewidth. From the relations of the intensity and the linewidth as a function of temperature, the broadening of linewidth was believed to the result that the vibration mode of E{sub 2}{sup high} participates in the broadening process of (A{sup 0}, X) and the change of luminescent intensity was attributed to the partial dissociation of (A{sup 0}, X). Consequently, these facts indicate that the acceptor levels existed in P-doped ZnO layer by the ion implantation.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Investigation of inelastic electron tunneling spectra of metal-molecule-metal junctions fabricated using direct metal transfer method

We measured the inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) characteristics of metal-molecule-metal junctions made with alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers. The molecular junctions were fabricated using a direct metal transfer method, which we previously reported for high-yield metal-molecule-metal junctions. The measured IETS data could be assigned to molecular vibration modes that were determined by the chemical structure of the molecules. We also observed discrepancies and device-to-device variations in the IETS data that possibly originate from defects in the molecular junctions and insulating walls introduced during the fabrication process and from the junction structure.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Time-frequency analysis of non-stationary fusion plasma signals using an improved Hilbert-Huang transform

An improved Hilbert-Huang transform method is developed to the time-frequency analysis of non-stationary signals in tokamak plasmas. Maximal overlap discrete wavelet packet transform rather than wavelet packet transform is proposed as a preprocessor to decompose a signal into various narrow-band components. Then, a correlation coefficient based selection method is utilized to eliminate the irrelevant intrinsic mode functions obtained from empirical mode decomposition of those narrow-band components. Subsequently, a time varying vector autoregressive moving average model instead of Hilbert spectral analysis is performed to compute the Hilbert spectrum, i.e., a three-dimensional time-frequency distribution of the signal. The feasibility and effectiveness of the improved Hilbert-Huang transform method is demonstrated by analyzing a non-stationary simulated signal and actual experimental signals in fusion plasmas.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗