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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 325 records · Page 18
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Energy Transitions Initiative Partnership Project: Alaska Longline Fishermen’s Association Alternative Fuels Review

This report provides information about additional options in electrifying the Alaska Longline Fishermen’s Association (ALFA) fishing fleet. Currently, the Energy Transitions Initiative Partnership Project is prioritizing electric hybrid and battery electric options for retrofit of select fishing vessels in the fleet. However, there are other options for reducing carbon emissions among the fleet, namely hydrogen, ammonia, and biofuels. The use of these alternative fuels may be an option for the fleet in the future as ALFA addresses its vulnerabilities. A literature review of available resources on these fuels was conducted to provide information on several topics associated with implementation of these technologies, including current applications, commercially available power modules, necessary components, infrastructure, and safety codes and standards. An additional aspect that this report investigates is general sizing and refueling schedule based on operating records of multiple ships in the fleet.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Large-scale Hydrogen Storage Risk Assessment

This project investigated risks involved in deploying a large-scale hydrogen storage system at the Port of Seattle (hereafter, the Port) for its on-terminal and maritime applications in an urban industrial setting. Alongside, the project attempted to address some of the barriers to risk assessment such as need for an exact system design for a systematic investigation, direct access to surrounding communities to gauge their perceptions, and an integrated software required to undertake a full-fledged risk assessment. These barriers were overcome using illustrative reference station designs, engaging with community-facing agencies through Port support, and pooling national laboratory capabilities available for risk assessments. The project identified relevant public safety risk metrics, compared various hydrogen carriers, engaged with community-facing agencies, and explored potential gaps in existing safety codes and standards. The primary impacts of this project include the development of risk assessment guidance for ports and utilities, informing them of the trade-offs in the choice of hydrogen carriers, and the ability to increase public capacity for dialog and engagement. This paves the way toward decarbonization of the Port activities, bringing about awareness around jobs in the market for risk assessments, and the need to ramp up community engagement long before any hydrogen system deployment is undertaken.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2025

Insights and Impacts of Credentials: Energy Auditor, Quality Control Inspector, and Certification Updates

Join this session to learn about recent and upcoming Home Energy Professional credential and resource updates from the National Renewable Laboratory (NREL) in support of the U.S. Department of Energy's Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP). NREL staff will provide an in-depth overview of improvements to the EA and QCI certification schemes. Be prepared to provide feedback and share new ideas in pursuit of continuous improvement within WAP. These certifications are critical to ensuring the highest standards of quality, safety, and efficiency within the Weatherization Assistance Program, helping to elevate the skills of professionals and drive the program's overall success.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2025

Calculations of Subcritical Limits in ANSI/ANS-8.1 [Slides]

ANSI/ANS-8.1 standard “Nuclear Criticality Safety in Operations with Fissionable Materials Outside of Reactors” provides subcritical limit (SCL) values for several single- and multiple-parameter limits for fissile nuclides, including, uniform aqueous solutions and metals containing nuclides of 233 U, 235 U, and 239 Pu, uranium-water lattices, homogeneous uranium-water mixtures of dry/damp oxides, uniform aqueous solutions of low-enriched uranium, and uniform aqueous mixtures of Pu(NO 3 ) 4 containing 240 Pu

ENDF↗
DOE OSTI2026

Facilitating Data Collection of Maintenance Events to Populate the Hydrogen Component Reliability Database (HyCReD)

The Hydrogen Component Reliability Database (HyCReD) is a collaborative project between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the University of Maryland, and hydrogen stakeholders to improve safety and reliability for hydrogen facilities by implementing component reliability data taxonomies that support hydrogen infrastructure failure rate analysis. The project aims to quantify failure rates of hydrogen components through high-quality data collection and analysis on root causes and maintenance needed. HyCReD provides a common database for cataloging hydrogen component failures which exists for reliability research in many other mature industries [2]. The database fills a gap for the hydrogen community by providing a scientifically rigorous approach to quantitative risk assessment (QRA), prognostic health management (PHM), and reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) analysis. High level results will be aggregated and anonymized to protect company sensitive information; detailed results will be used to help address issues of hydrogen components. These advanced analytics will support accelerated deployment of hydrogen infrastructure by enabling better: design and safety of projects (safety codes and standards development), infrastructure reliability and cost (component failure rates, maintenance protocols), and component R&D needs (robust supply chain). A key to a successful HyCReD implementation is facilitating the ease of reporting and data quality in the database that can be used for analysis. Maintenance data was a previously identified gap in initial efforts to populate and validate the database taxonomies [3]. Collection of maintenance data will be instrumental in identifying failure modes and rates, identifying incipient component failures or reduced performance, cataloging best practices for maintenance routines and methods for prognostic health management, and quantifying the risk and effect of different failure modes. Several key priorities are identified for streamlined data collection to achieve quality and detailed failure data: Applicability, Ease of Use, Accessibility, and Information Security. The HyCReD team has now begun deployment of the database to several companies and groups that have signed non-disclosure agreements to facilitate the data collection of failures in industry hydrogen refueling station infrastructure. This paper will provide an update into the process of HyCReD deployment including the development of a coding guide for facility personnel to reference and ensure data quality and consistency from one station to another as well as implementation of contextually dependent data fields of system taxonomy and formatted entries to provide ease of use. The goal is to communicate the lessons learned from the roll-out to technicians and engineers in the field, and the addition of need for high level of security to protect all stakeholders.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Review of Shock, Vibration, and Other Tests for Type IV Hydrogen Composite Pressure Vessels for Rail Use

Requirements specific to hydrogen rail transportation and its unique components are currently not well represented in safety codes and standards. Notably, one of the most important components of the system, the hydrogen storage vessel, may be subject to entirely different shock and vibration conditions compared to hydrogen tanks on road vehicles. This report focuses on how composite hydrogen tanks are tested for performance and how this may relate to these tanks being used on rail systems. The shock and vibration testing procedures that are relevant for hydrogen composite tanks used for rail applications have been identified, as well as some general testing requirements for hydrogen tanks and composite tanks.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Computational Modeling of Water Infiltration From Ditches Into Roadway Embankments

Ditches are built along roadways to convey the stormwater runoff. They collect the runoff from the pavement and adjacent drainage areas. Water can move freely in a ditch away from the road surface, thus making it safer for the vehicular traffic. South Carolina DOT expressed interest in studying infiltration of water from ditches into roadway embankments. As part of the current design criteria, it is recommended that the road subgrades be 1.0 foot above the design event water surface elevation in the ditch. The distance between the water surface and bottom of the subbase is referred to as “freeboard”. The purpose of this requirement is to lower the risk of pavement damage by moving the flow away from the pavement, containing the captured flow, and conveying flow received from adjacent properties to outfalls. With changes in roadway design standards, larger shoulders and flatter cross-slopes have moved ditches further away from the pavement and the subbase. These changes could allow for a lower freeboard standard without reducing safety margins due to the increased lateral distance from the subbase to the ditch. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the current SCDOT criterion requiring the roadway subgrade to be 1 ft above the design-event ditch water surface can be relaxed under selected geometric and soil conditions, particularly where larger shoulder widths and flatter side slopes increase horizontal separation between ditch water and pavement structure.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Cell-free Scaled Production and Adjuvant Addition to a Recombinant Major Outer Membrane Protein from Chlamydia muridarum for Vaccine Development

Subunit vaccines offer advantages over more traditional inactivated or attenuated whole-cell-derived vaccines in safety, stability, and standard manufacturing. To achieve an effective protein-based subunit vaccine, the protein antigen often needs to adopt a native-like conformation. This is particularly important for pathogensurface antigens that are membrane-bound proteins. Cell-free methods have been successfully used to produce correctly folded functional membrane protein through the co-translation of nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs), commonly known as nanodiscs. This strategy can be used to produce subunit vaccines consisting of membrane proteins in a lipid-bound environment. However, cell-free protein production is often limited to small scale (<1 mL). The amount of protein produced in small-scale production runs is usually sufficient for biochemical and biophysical studies. However, the cell-free process needs to be scaled up, optimized, and carefully tested to obtain enough protein for vaccine studies in animal models. Other processes involved in vaccine production, such as purification, adjuvant addition, and lyophilization, need to be optimized in parallel. This paper reports the development of a scaled-up protocol to express, purify, and formulate a membrane-bound protein subunit vaccine

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1976

A study of NASA occupational injuries and property damage at Goddard Space Flight Center, Langley Research Center and Headquarters

Analysis of NASA's accident/injury/illness and health data was performed. The analysis included: (1) an on-site study of the existing data; (2) evaluation of the findings to develop criteria for the subsequent implementation of safety and health standards; (3) preparation of a graphical loss control assessment; and (4) recommendations to reduce accident rates.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1985

Design of evaporator of spacelab refrigerator/freezer

An Evaporator has been designed for NASA-Johnson Space Center Life Sciences to conduct experiments in Spacelab mission SLS-1 using different samples such as blood, urine, human tissues etc. Two units will fly - one as a Refrigerator (4 C) and the other as a Freezer (-22 C). The evaporator tube is dip brazed on a grooved flat plate. Aluminum heat sink is dip brazed on the other side of the plate. Freon R5O2 is pumped through the tube and air is circulated over the finned surface to transfer heat. As freon 5O2 is considered toxic, the whole freon tube is covered with an evaporator cover to contain any freon leakage to avoid exposure to crew members. This containment is under vacuum and this pressure is monitored along with the freon pressure to determine freon leakage so that necessary steps can be taken to stop contamination of the spacelab air. An stress analysis has been done and it is found to have adequate safety margin to meet the requirements of NASA safety and reliability standards.

Hye, A.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Human factors of flight-deck checklists: The normal checklist

Although the aircraft checklist has long been regarded as the foundation of pilot standardization and cockpit safety, it has escaped the scrutiny of the human factors profession. The improper use, or the non-use, of the normal checklist by flight crews is often cited as the probable cause or at least a contributing factor to aircraft accidents. An attempt is made to analyze the normal checklist, its functions, format, design, length, usage, and the limitations of the humans who must interact with it. The development of the checklist from the certification of a new model to its delivery and use by the customer are discussed. The influence of the government, particularly the FAA Principle Operations Inspector, the manufacturer's philosophy, the airline's culture, and the end user, the pilot, influence the ultimate design and usage of this device. The effects of airline mergers and acquisitions on checklist usage and design are noted. In addition, the interaction between production pressures and checklist usage and checklist management are addressed. Finally, a list of design guidelines for normal checklists is provided.

Degani, Asaf↗
NASA NTRS1991

The 1991 International Conference on Aging Aircraft and Structural Airworthiness

Civil aviation serves a strategic interest to the United States. Thus, the need to maintain a high standard of aviation safety is axiomatic. While the industry has witnessed phenomenal growth in the past two decades, the proportion of aging aircraft in air carrier fleets has been ever increasing-a trend that is projected to continue. Certain events which occurred in 1988 and previous years and public concern about the safety of the high time aircraft led to an International Conference on Aging Aircraft in Washington, D.C., during which a number of aviation safety related issues applicable to aging aircraft were raised and discussed among the conference participants. Various groups that have a vital stake in commercial aviation made certain recommendations which led to the formation of a task force and a broad undertaking involving the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), industry and international organizations to insure continued airworthiness of aging airplanes. At the same time, significant research and development programs were initiated by the FAA and NASA to complement the broader effort. In view of the success of the 1988 conference, the FAA desired that conferences be held annually to disseminate information on the status of the task force's activities on aircraft certification and airline maintenance related issues and to offer a forum for participation by all interested parties. Thus, the 2nd International Conference was held in 1989 in Baltimore and the third in the series in 1990 in Bordeaux, France. Both of them, like the first conference, attracted rousing attendance and interest. Thus, the stage was set for organizing the 4th International Conference in 1991. By 1991, the FAA and NASA research programs were yielding significant results, a consideration that led to a larger segment of the 4th International Conference Program being devoted to presentations about the impact of the research on the other activities of the task group. Agreement had also been reached between the FAA and NASA to coordinate and integrate their respective program activities. Hence, NASA was co-opted as a sponsor of the conference. A group consisting of Mr. Stephen Erickson of the Air Transport Association of America, Mr. Jesse Lewis and Mr. Richard Johnson of the FAA, and Mr. Thomas Crooker of NASA was formed to organize the conference. The members of the group are owed special thanks for their efforts that ensured the success of the conference.

Aging Aircraft↗
NASA NTRS1993

Cockpit checklists - Concepts, design, and use

Although the aircraft checklist has long been regarded as a foundation of pilot standardization and cockpit safety, it has escaped the scrutiny of the human factors profession. The improper use, or nonuse, of the normal checklist by flight crews is often cited as a major contributing factor to aircraft accidents. This paper reports the results of a field study of flight deck checklists and examines this seemingly mundane yet critical device from several perspectives: its functions, format, design, length, and usage, and the limitations of the humans who must interact with it. Certain sociotechnical factors, such as the airline 'culture', cockpit resource management, and production pressures that influence the design and use of this device, are also discussed. Finally, a list of design guidelines for normal checklists is provided. Although the focus of this paper is on the air transport industry, most of the principles discussed apply equally well to other high-risk industries, such as maritime transportation, power production, weapons systems, space flight, and medical care.

Degani, Asaf↗
NASA NTRS2018

The TechEdSat-N Series: A Collaborative Technology Development Platform in the Nano-Satellite Form Factor

The TechEdSat-1 (TES-1) was the first U.S. CubeSat to be deployed from the ISS (International Space Station). This permitted the initiation of a flight series that has recently de-orbited the 6th nano-satellite with subsequent numbers 7-10 under development. The nano-satellites range from 1U (1 unit) to 6U (TechEdSat-8) but have the critical ISS Safety design features standardized in order to focus on the particular experiment objectives. Incremental experimental development has included unique communication subsystems such as command/control of the nanosatellite through email commands -as well as a recent record for Wifi transmission. Also, the thermophysics of controlled drag devices (Exo-Brake) has been developed which will prelude sample return and planetary exploration applications. The successful "rapid incremental experiment" approach has also been incorporated into collaborations with academia, permitting professors/student interns to be exposed to the rigors of space mission hardware design and execution. The TechEdSat-8, a linear 6U configuration, allows for 5 different groups to contribute an "experiment, sensor, or sub-system" through a well-defined common interface. Lastly, the flying laboratory concept is helpful in developing future interplanetary nano-satellite subsystems which will advance exploration goals by allowing rapid demonstration/validation first in LEO (Low Earth Orbit).

Small Payload Quick Return↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA Glenn Electric Propulsion Work

NASA Glenn Electrified Aircraft Propulsion (EAP) Presentation Outline: High-Voltage, High-Power EAP - Standards and Regulations - Safety and Certification - High Power Density, High-Efficiency Electric Machines and Drives - Thermal Management - Fault Management - Superconducting Electric Machines - Materials Research - Modeling Tools - Advanced Controls

Electric Propulsion↗
NASA NTRS2002

Designing Crane Controls with Applied Mechanical and Electrical Safety Features

The use of overhead traveling bridge cranes in many varied applications is common practice. In particular, the use of cranes in the nuclear, military, commercial, aerospace, and other industries can involve safety critical situations. Considerations for Human Injury or Casualty, Loss of Assets, Endangering the Environment, or Economic Reduction must be addressed. Traditionally, in order to achieve additional safety in these applications, mechanical systems have been augmented with a variety of devices. These devices assure that a mechanical component failure shall reduce the risk of a catastrophic loss of the correct and/or safe load carrying capability. ASME NOG-1-1998, (Rules for Construction of Overhead and Gantry Cranes, Top Running Bridge, and Multiple Girder), provides design standards for cranes in safety critical areas. Over and above the minimum safety requirements of todays design standards, users struggle with obtaining a higher degree of reliability through more precise functional specifications while attempting to provide "smart" safety systems. Electrical control systems also may be equipped with protective devices similar to the mechanical design features. Demands for improvement of the cranes "control system" is often recognized, but difficult to quantify for this traditionally "mechanically" oriented market. Finite details for each operation must be examined and understood. As an example, load drift (or small motions) at close tolerances can be unacceptable (and considered critical). To meet these high functional demands encoders and other devices are independently added to control systems to provide motion and velocity feedback to the control drive. This paper will examine the implementation of Programmable Electronic Systems (PES). PES is a term this paper will use to describe any control system utilizing any programmable electronic device such as Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), or an Adjustable Frequency Drive (AID) 'smart' programmable motion controller. Therefore the use of the term Programmable Electronic Systems (PES) is an encompassing description for a large spectrum of programmable electronic control devices.

Lytle, Bradford P.↗
NASA NTRS2010

Development of U.S. Government General Technical Requirements for UAS Flight Safety Systems Utilizing the Iridium Satellite Constellation

This slide presentation reviews the development of technical requirements for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) utilization of the Iridium Satellite Constellation to provide flight safety. The Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) required an over-the-horizon communication standard to guarantee flight safety before permitting widespread UAS flights in the National Air Space (NAS). This is important to ensure reliable control of UASs during loss-link and over-the-horizon scenarios. The core requirement was to utilize a satellite system to send GPS tracking data and other telemetry from a flight vehicle down to the ground. Iridium was chosen as the system because it is one of the only true satellite systems that has world wide coverage, and the service has a highly reliable link margin. The Iridium system, the flight modems, and the test flight are described.

Murray, Jennifer↗