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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 325 records · Page 18
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Determination of the top-quark pole mass and strong coupling constant from the t t-bar production cross section in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV

The inclusive cross section for top-quark pair production measured by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is compared to the QCD prediction at next-to-next-to-leading order with various parton distribution functions to determine the top-quark pole mass, $m_t^{pole}$, or the strong coupling constant, $\alpha_S$. With the parton distribution function set NNPDF2.3, a pole mass of 176.7$^{+3.0}_{-2.8}$ GeV is obtained when constraining $\alpha_S$ at the scale of the Z boson mass, $m_Z$, to the current world average. Alternatively, by constraining $m_t^{pole}$ to the latest average from direct mass measurements, a value of $\alpha_S(m_Z)$ = 0.1151$^{+0.0028}_{-0.0027}$ is extracted. This is the first determination of $\alpha_S$ using events from top-quark production.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Demonstration of MAMMOTH Strongly-Coupled Multiphysics Simulation with the Godiva Benchmark Problem

This paper provides a detailed description of the Godiva benchmark problem suitable for multiphysics code verification. Multigroup transport weak forms for general curvilinear coordinates are derived using SAAF (self-adjoint angular flux) formulation. A new scheme based on spherical harmonics expansion for evaluating the angular derivative terms using the SN method are presented and tested. A one-dimensional spherical coordinate system is used by MAMMOTH for modeling the Godiva benchmark. Strongly-coupled multiphysics simulation mode of MAMMOTH is exercised and numerical results are given.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Validation of strongly coupled geomechanics and gas hydrate reservoir simulation with multiscale laboratory tests

In this work, we validate a coupled flow-geomechanics simulator for gas hydrate deposits, named T+M AM , performing two meter-scale laboratory experiments of gas hydrates for production by depressurization, replicating the gas hydrate deposit in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, South Korea. The first experiment with a sand-only specimen is a 1D 1 m-scale depressurization test based on the excess gas method, which represents the grain coating hydrate growth. On the other hand, the second is a 3D 1.5 m-scale test with the excess water method for a sand-mud alternating layer system, representing the pore filling hydrate growth. We measure production and displacement at the top with different depressurization levels. In particular, the 3D test exhibits high coupling strength of substantial deformation induced by incompressibility of water and high deformability of the specimen. For validation, we match pressure, flow rate, and displacement between the experimental data and numerical results. Thus, we identify that T+M AM is a reliable simulator, which can be applied to fields in both permafrost and deep oceanic hydrate deposits of strongly coupled flow and geomechanics systems. This validation also implies that other coupled simulators based on the same coupling formulation as T+M AM can be validated when individual flow and geomechanics simulators are stable and reliable.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2011

Strongly Coupled Semi-Direct Mediation of Supersymmetry Breaking

Supersymmetry (SUSY) is expected to be a crucial ingredient of basic laws in Nature. It is an attractive possibility that SUSY is broken at low energy within the experimental reach in the near future. Among others, low-energy dynamics with gauge mediation between a hidden sector of SUSY breaking and the visible sector of SUSY standard model may be phenomenologically viable. In particular, the gauge interactions are flavor blind, so that the unwanted flavor-changing processes are naturally suppressed. Strongly coupled semi-direct gauge mediation models of supersymmetry breaking through massive mediators with standard model charges are investigated by means of composite degrees of freedom. Sizable mediation is realized to generate the standard model gaugino masses for a small mediator mass without breaking the standard model symmetries.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Regulating Catalytic Properties and Thermal Stability of Pt and PtCo Intermetallic Fuel-Cell Catalysts via Strong Coupling Effects between Single-Metal Site-Rich Carbon and Pt

Developing low platinum-group-metal (PGM) catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) remains a great challenge due to the highly demanded power density and long-term durability. Here, this work explores the possible synergistic effect between single Mn site-rich carbon (Mn SA -NC) and Pt nanoparticles, aiming to improve intrinsic activity and stability of PGM catalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations predicted a strong coupling effect between Pt and MnN 4 sites in the carbon support, strengthening their interactions to immobilize Pt nanoparticles during the ORR. The adjacent MnN 4 sites weaken oxygen adsorption at Pt to enhance intrinsic activity. Well-dispersed Pt (2.1 nm) and ordered L1 2 -Pt 3 Co nanoparticles (3.3 nm) were retained on the Mn SA -NC support after indispensable high-temperature annealing up to 800 °C, suggesting enhanced thermal stability. Both PGM catalysts were thoroughly studied in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), showing compelling performance and durability. The Pt@Mn SA -NC catalyst achieved a mass activity (MA) of 0.63 A mg Pt –1 at 0.9 V iR-free and maintained 78% of its initial performance after a 30,000-cycle accelerated stress test (AST). The L1 2 -Pt 3 Co@Mn SA -NC catalyst accomplished a much higher MA of 0.91 A mg Pt –1 and a current density of 1.63 A cm –2 at 0.7 V under traditional light-duty vehicle (LDV) H 2 –air conditions (150 kPa abs and 0.10 mg Pt cm –2 ). Furthermore, the same catalyst in an HDV MEA (250 kPa abs and 0.20 mg Pt cm –2 ) delivered 1.75 A cm –2 at 0.7 V, only losing 18% performance after 90,000 cycles of the AST, demonstrating great potential to meet the DOE targets.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Simulations of Radiation Hydrodynamics in Strongly Coupled Plasmas (Final Report)

Radiation propagates throughout the Universe and is often the only information we have from distant astronomical objects. Additionally, radiation plays a key role in systems ranging from the interior of stars to the establishment of shocks at the edges of forming galaxies to neutron star mergers. Here radiative processes, absorption, emission, and scattering, are fundamental to transport of momentum and energy, as well as, the overall evolution of these and other astrophysical systems. In some cases, radiation-dominant systems are also sufficiently dense and ionized, such that, the ions are strongly coupled (ie electrostatic energy >> thermal energy or Γ >> 1), which will affect radiative processes and the transport of radiation. During this project, we developed a computational ray-tracing algorithm to study radiation transport through a simulated neutron star capsule implosion under conditions relevant to Omega-60 laser experiments.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Spin skyrmion gaps as signatures of strong-coupling insulators in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene

Abstract The flat electronic bands in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) host a variety of correlated insulating ground states, many of which are predicted to support charged excitations with topologically non-trivial spin and/or valley skyrmion textures. However, it has remained challenging to experimentally address their ground state order and excitations, both because some of the proposed states do not couple directly to experimental probes, and because they are highly sensitive to spatial inhomogeneities in real samples. Here, using a scanning single-electron transistor, we observe thermodynamic gaps at even integer moiré filling factors at low magnetic fields. We find evidence of a field-tuned crossover from charged spin skyrmions to bare particle-like excitations, suggesting that the underlying ground state belongs to the manifold of strong-coupling insulators. From the spatial dependence of these states and the chemical potential variation within the flat bands, we infer a link between the stability of the correlated ground states and local twist angle and strain. Our work advances the microscopic understanding of the correlated insulators in MATBG and their unconventional excitations.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Direct experimental evidence for photoinduced strong-coupling polarons in organolead halide perovskite nanoparticles

Echoing the roaring success of their bulk coun-terparts, nano-objects built from organolead halide perov-skites (OLHP) present bright prospects for surpassing the performances of their conventional organic and inorganic analogues in photodriven technologies. Unraveling the pho-toinduced charge dynamics is essential for optimizing OLHP optoelectronic functionalities. However, mapping the carri-er-lattice interactions remains challenging, owing to their manifestations on multiple length scales and time scales. By correlating ultrafast time-resolved optical and X-ray absorp-tion measurements, this work reveals the photoinduced formation of strong-coupling polarons in CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 nanoparticles. Such polarons originate from the self-trapping of electrons in the net Coulombic field caused by the dis-placed inorganic nuclei and the oriented organic cations. The transient structural change detected at the Pb L 3 X-ray ab-sorption edge is well captured by a distortion with average bond elongation in the [PbBr 6 ] 2- motif. As a result, general implications for designing novel OLHP nanomaterials targeting the active utilization of these quasi-particles are outlined.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2010

Unified quantum jump superoperator for optical fields from the weak- to the strong-coupling limit

We derive a generalized quantum jump superoperator that can be used in the quantum trajectory description of single photon detectors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and lasers. Our model describes an optical single-mode cavity field coupled to a reservoir through a two-state quantum system and includes three physical parameters: the coupling of the field to the two-state system, the coupling of the two-state system to the reservoir, and the cavity loss rate. In this setup, the two-state system can act as a photodetector or as an energy-adding mechanism. In the first case, we assume that the reservoir acts as a damping mechanism for an ideal cavity and derive reduced field operators describing the photon detection events. Our model coincides with the commonly known quantum trajectory based photon counting models at the weak- and strong-coupling limits and is, furthermore, also applicable between their validity regimes. In the second case, we assume that the reservoir injects energy into a lossy cavity through the two-state system. Again we derive the reduced field operators describing photon creation events into the lossy cavity. We show that this setup can act as an LED or as a laser depending on the strength of the injection. We also investigate how the setup operates at the close proximity of the lasing threshold.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

Determination of the strong coupling constant $\alpha_{S}(m_\mathrm{Z})$ from measurements of inclusive W$^\pm$ and Z boson production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{\mathrm{s}} $ = 7 and 8 TeV

Twelve measurements of inclusive cross sections of W$^{±}$ and Z boson production, performed in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, are compared with perturbative quantum chromodynamics calculations at next-to-next- to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy obtained with the CT14, HERAPDF2.0, MMHT14, and NNPDF3.0 parton distribution functions (PDFs). Data and theory agree well for all PDF sets, taking into account the experimental and theoretical uncertainties. A novel procedure is employed to extract the strong coupling constant at the Z pole mass from a detailed comparison of all the experimental fiducial cross sections to the corresponding NNLO theoretical predictions, yielding $ {\alpha}_{\mathrm{S}}\left({m}_{\mathrm{Z}}\right)={0.1163}_{-0.0031}^{+0.0024} $ (CT14), $ {0.1072}_{-0.0040}^{+0.0043} $ (HERAPDF2.0), 0.1186 ± 0.0025 (MMHT14), and 0.1147 ± 0.0023 (NNPDF3.0). Using the results obtained with the CT14 and MMHT14 PDFs, which yield the most robust and stable α$_{S}$(m$_{Z}$) extractions, a value $ {\alpha}_{\mathrm{S}}\left({m}_{\mathrm{Z}}\right)={0.1175}_{-0.0028}^{+0.0025} $ is determined.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Scale-invariance and the strong coupling problem

The effective theory of adiabatic fluctuations around arbitrary Friedmann-Robertson-Walker backgrounds — both expanding and contracting — allows for more than one way to obtain scale-invariant two-point correlations. However, as we show in this paper, it is challenging to produce scale-invariant fluctuations that are weakly coupled over the range of wavelengths accessible to cosmological observations. In particular, requiring the background to be a dynamical attractor, the curvature fluctuations are scale-invariant and weakly coupled for at least 10 e-folds only if the background is close to de Sitter space. In this case, the time-translation invariance of the background guarantees time-independent n-point functions. For non-attractor solutions, any predictions depend on assumptions about the evolution of the background even when the perturbations are outside of the horizon. For the simplest such scenario we identify the regions of the parameter space that avoid both classical and quantum mechanical strong coupling problems. Finally, we present extensions of our results to backgrounds in which higher-derivative terms play a significant role.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Generation of strongly coupled Xe cluster nanoplasmas by low intensive soft x-ray laser irradiation

A seeding gas jet including Xe clusters was irradiated with a laser-driven plasma soft x-ray laser pulse ({lambda}=13.9 nm, {approx}7 ps, {<=}5 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 9} W/cm{sup 2}), where the laser photon energy is high enough to ionize 4d core electrons. In order to clarify how the innershell ionization followed by the Auger electron emission is affected under the intense laser irradiation, the electron energy distribution was measured. Photoelectron spectra showed that the peak position attributed to 4d hole shifted to lower energy and the spectral width was broadened with increasing cluster size. Moreover, the energy distribution exhibited that a strongly coupled cluster nanoplasma with several eV was generated.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Chemical reactivity under collective vibrational strong coupling

Recent experiments of chemical reactions in optical cavities have shown great promise to alter and steer chemical reactions, but still remain poorly understood theoretically. In particular, the origin of resonant effects between the cavity and certain vibrational modes in the collective limit is still subject to active research. In this paper, we study the unimolecular dissociation reactions of many molecules, collectively interacting with an infrared cavity mode, through their vibrational dipole moment. We find that the reaction rate can slow down by increasing the number of aligned molecules, if the cavity mode is resonant with a vibrational mode of the molecules. We also discover a simple scaling relation that scales with the collective Rabi splitting, to estimate the onset of reaction rate modification by collective vibrational strong coupling and numerically demonstrate these effects for up to 10 4 molecules.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2017

Dynamical Dark Matter from strongly-coupled dark sectors

Dynamical Dark Matter (DDM) is an alternative framework for dark-matter physics in which the dark sector comprises a vast ensemble of particle species whose Standard-Model decay widths are balanced against their cosmological abundances. Previous studies of this framework have focused on a particular class of DDM ensembles—motivated primarily by Kaluza-Klein towers in theories with extra dimensions—in which the density of dark states scales roughly as a polynomial of the mass. In this paper, by contrast, we study the properties of a different class of DDM ensembles in which the density of dark states grows exponentially with mass. Ensembles with this Hagedorn-like property arise naturally as the “hadronic” resonances associated with the confining phase of a strongly coupled dark sector; they also arise naturally as the gauge-neutral bulk states of Type I string theories. We study the dynamical properties of such ensembles and demonstrate that an appropriate DDM-like balancing between decay widths and abundances can emerge naturally—even with an exponentially rising density of states. We also study the effective equations of state for such ensembles and investigate some of the model-independent observational constraints on such ensembles that follow directly from these equations of state. In general, we find that such constraints tend to introduce correlations between various properties of these DDM ensembles such as their associated mass scales, lifetimes, and abundance distributions. For example, we find that these constraints allow DDM ensembles with energy scales ranging from the GeV scale all the way to the Planck scale, but that the total present-day cosmological abundance of the dark sector must be spread across an increasing number of different states in the ensemble as these energy scales are dialed from the Planck scale down to the GeV scale. Furthermore, numerous other correlations and constraints are also discussed.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Determination of the strong coupling constant $\alpha _\mathrm {s}$ from transverse energy–energy correlations in multijet events at $\sqrt{s} = 8~\hbox {TeV}$ TeV using the ATLAS detector

In this study, measurements of transverse energy–energy correlations and their associated asymmetries in multi-jet events using the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented. The data used correspond to √s=8 TeV proton–proton collisions with an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb –1 . The results are presented in bins of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of the two leading jets, unfolded to the particle level and compared to the predictions from Monte Carlo simulations. A comparison with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD is also performed, showing excellent agreement within the uncertainties. From this comparison, the value of the strong coupling constant is extracted for different energy regimes, thus testing the running of α s (μ) predicted in QCD up to scales over 1 TeV. A global fit to the transverse energy–energy correlation distributions yields α s (m Z ) = 0.1162±0.0011(exp.) +0.0084 –0.0070 (theo.) , while a global fit to the asymmetry distributions yields a value of α s (m Z ) = 0.1196±0.0013(exp.) +0.0075 –0.0045 (theo.).

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Optical Strong Coupling between near-Infrared Metamaterials and Intersubband Transitions in III-Nitride Heterostructures

We present the design, realization, and characterization of optical strong light–matter coupling between intersubband transitions within a semiconductor heterostructures and planar metamaterials in the near-infrared spectral range. The strong light–matter coupling entity consists of a III-nitride intersubband superlattice heterostructure, providing a two-level system with a transition energy of ~0.8 eV (λ ~1.55 μm) and a planar “dogbone” metamaterial structure. Furthermore, as the bare metamaterial resonance frequency is varied across the intersubband resonance, a clear anticrossing behavior is observed in the frequency domain. We found that this strongly coupled entity could enable the realization of electrically tunable optical filters, a new class of efficient nonlinear optical materials, or intersubband-based light-emitting diodes.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Flowing to higher dimensions: a new strongly-coupled phase on M2 branes

We describe a one-parameter family of new holographic RG flows that start from AdS 4 × S 7 and go to AdS 5 ˆ×B6, where B6 is conformal to a Kahler manifold and AdS 5 ˆ is Poincaré AdS 5 with one spatial direction compactified and fibered over B6. The new solutions “flow up dimensions,” going from the (2 + 1)-dimensional conformal field theory on M2 branes in the UV to a (3 + 1)-dimensional field theory on intersecting M5 branes in the infra-red. The M2 branes completely polarize into M5 branes along the flow and the Poincare sections of the AdS 5 ˆ are the (3 + 1)-dimensional common intersection of the M5 branes. The emergence of the extra dimension in the infra-red suggests a new strongly-coupled phase of the M2 brane and ABJM theories in which charged solitons are becoming massless. The flow solution is first analyzed by finding a four-dimensional N=2 supersymmetric flow in N=8 gauged supergravity. This is then generalized to a one parameter family of non-supersymmetric flows. The infra-red limit of the solutions appears to be quite singular in four dimensions but the uplift to eleven-dimensional supergravity is remarkable and regular (up to orbifolding). Our construction is a non-trivial application of the recently derived uplift formulae for fluxes, going well beyond the earlier constructions of stationary points solutions. As a result, the eleven-dimensional supersymmetry is also analyzed and shows how, for the supersymmetric flow, the M2-brane supersymmetry in the UV is polarized entirely into M5-brane supersymmetry in the infra-red.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Strong coupling from hadronic τ -decay data including τ → π − π 0 ν τ from Belle

In previous work we have combined the π − π 0 , 2 π − π + π 0 , and π − 3 π 0 spectral data obtained from hadronic τ decays measured by the ALEPH and OPAL experiments, together with electroproduction data for several of the subleading hadronic modes and data for the K K ¯ mode to construct an inclusive nonstrange vector spectral function entirely based on experimental data, with no Monte-Carlo generated input. In this paper, we include, for the first time, the Belle τ → π − π 0 ν τ high-statistics decay data to construct a new inclusive nonstrange vector spectral function that combines more of the world’s available data. As no Belle data are at present available for the two 4 π modes, this requires a revised data analysis in comparison with our previous work. From the resulting new spectral function, we obtain a new determination of the strong coupling, α s , using our previously developed strategy based on finite-energy sum rules. We find, at the Z mass scale, α s ( m Z 2 ) = 0.1159 ( 14 ) . We discuss the smaller central value and larger error of our new result compared to our previous result, showing the shifts to be due mainly to significant changes in updated HFLAV results for the π − 3 π 0 decay mode. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Boito, Diogo (ORCID:0000000244267984)↗