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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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NASA NTRS2019

NASA's Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS): Near Real-Time Global Fire Monitoring Using Data from MODIS and VIIRS

NASA's Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) provides near-real time active fire / hotspot products from MODIS and VIIRS to users in over 160 countries. The goal of FIRMS is to meet the needs of natural resource and protected area managers that face considerable challenges in obtaining timely satellite-derived information on fires burning within and around their management area. FIRMS has been reliably providing active fire / hotspot data in easy to use formats since its inception in 2006. Fire information is provided through a web map interface, email alerts, a web mapping service, and a range of downloadable files (SHP, CSV, KML and JSON). FIRMS data are used directly by end users and by brokers who take the data and add value to it before re-distributing it.FIRMS was initially developed by the University of Maryland in 2006; it was funded by the United Nations FAO and NASA's Applied sciences program under a NASA ROSES call. In 2012 FIRMS became integrated in to NASA's Land Atmosphere Near real-time Capability for EOS (LANCE); a virtual system that leverages NASAs existing science processing capabilities to deliver NRT data from ten instruments within 3 hours of satellite overpass. This presentation will describe the FIRMS system, provide an overview of the system, briefly describe some of the known applications and describe plans to further integrate the data in to NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS) public mapping services and Worldview website.

active fire/hotspots↗
NASA NTRS1993

Hierarchical storage management system evaluation

The Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NAS) Program at NASA Ames Research Center has been developing a hierarchical storage management system, NAStore, for some 6 years. This evaluation compares functionality, performance, reliability, and other factors of NAStore and three commercial alternatives. FileServ is found to be slightly better overall than NAStore and DMF. UniTree is found to be severely lacking in comparison.

Woodrow, Thomas S.↗
NASA NTRS2010

Analysis of Flight Management System Predictions of Idle-Thrust Descents

To enable arriving aircraft to fly optimized descents computed by the flight management system (FMS) in congested airspace, ground automation must accurately predict descent trajectories. To support development of the predictor and its uncertainty models, descents from cruise to the meter fix were executed using vertical navigation in a B737-700 simulator and a B777-200 simulator, both with commercial FMSs. For both aircraft types, the FMS computed the intended descent path for a specified speed profile assuming idle thrust after top of descent (TOD), and then it controlled the avionics without human intervention. The test matrix varied aircraft weight, descent speed, and wind conditions. The first analysis in this paper determined the effect of the test matrix parameters on the FMS computation of TOD location, and it compared the results to those for the current ground predictor in the Efficient Descent Advisor (EDA). The second analysis was similar but considered the time to fly a specified distance to the meter fix. The effects of the test matrix variables together with the accuracy requirements for the predictor will determine the allowable error for the predictor inputs. For the B737, the EDA prediction of meter fix crossing time agreed well with the FMS; but its prediction of TOD location probably was not sufficiently accurate to enable idle-thrust descents in congested airspace, even though the FMS and EDA gave similar shapes for TOD location as a function of the test matrix variables. For the B777, the FMS and EDA gave different shapes for the TOD location function, and the EDA prediction of the TOD location is not accurate enough to fully enable the concept. Furthermore, the differences between the FMS and EDA predictions of meter fix crossing time for the B777 indicated that at least one of them was not sufficiently accurate.

Stell, Laurel↗
NASA NTRS2008

A Gas Management System for an Ultra Long Duration Titan Blimp

This paper presents analyses, designs and experimental results for the gas management system of a hydrogen-filled blimp capable of flying in the lower atmosphere of Titan for a period of one year or more. The engineering strategy has two basic elements: first, to minimize leakage rates from the blimp envelope and ballonets; and second, to provide auxiliary subsystems to mitigate the life-limiting effects resulting from those leaks. Leak minimization is achieved through use of cryogenically compatible balloon materials and adhesives, and selection of ballonet geometries that minimize pinhole generation via folding and material fatigue. Hydrogen loss to the environment through leaks in the blimp envelope is compensated for by producing new hydrogen through chemical processing of atmospheric methane. Nitrogen leaked into the blimp from the ballonets is removed by a carbon absorption system and periodically vented to the atmosphere. Data is presented on the measured leak rate from a full scale (13 m long) prototype blimp envelope and on the performance of a low mass, low power prototype device that generates hydrogen from methane. These results are factored in to an overall system design that quantifies the mass and power requirements for a minimum one year operational lifetime.

aerobot↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Human Factors Research Needs for In-Time Aviation Safety Management Systems (IASMS) Design: Enabling the NASA “Sky for All” Future Airspace Vision

Integrated safety management will be paramount for safely enabling the envisioned transformations of the future National Airspace System. Addressing the increasing need for advanced data analytics and fusion of aviation safety data, managed by human decision-makers, is essential for realizing the vision. The proposal, if accepted, will discuss safety management system challenges and how the concept of In-time Aviation Safety Management Systems addresses the need. It will also discuss human factors challenges involved in future integrated safety management, including trust, over-reliance, human-optimized data visualization, human-autonomy teaming, training, communication and dissemination of data, situation awareness, task load, and accountability.

Lawrence J Prinzel III↗
NASA NTRS1973

Design of a flight director/configuration management system for piloted STOL approaches

The design and characteristics of a flight director for V/STOL aircraft are discussed. A configuration management system for piloted STOL approaches is described. The individual components of the overall system designed to reduce pilot workload to an acceptable level during curved, decelerating, and descending STOL approaches are defined. The application of the system to augmentor wing aircraft is analyzed. System performance checks and piloted evaluations were conducted on a flight simulator and the results are summarized.

Hoh, R. H.↗
NASA NTRS1973

TDRSS data handling and management system study. Ground station systems for data handling and relay satellite control

Results of a two-phase study of the (Data Handling and Management System DHMS) are presented. An original baseline DHMS is described. Its estimated costs are presented in detail. The DHMS automates the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) ground station's functions and handles both the forward and return link user and relay satellite data passing through the station. Direction of the DHMS is effected via a TDRSS Operations Control Central (OCC) that is remotely located. A composite ground station system, a modified DHMS (MDHMS), was conceptually developed. The MDHMS performs both the DHMS and OCC functions. Configurations and costs are presented for systems using minicomputers and midicomputers. It is concluded that a MDHMS should be configured with a combination of the two computer types. The midicomputers provide the system's organizational direction and computational power, and the minicomputers (or interface processors) perform repetitive data handling functions that relieve the midicomputers of these burdensome tasks.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1990

Data management system evolution study

Hardware and software products and technologies that are available for implementation in the early space station data management system (DMS) design are expected to have limited capabilities in such areas as system performance, capacity, and throughput. With the anticipated growth in operations and payload user requirements during the space station's operational phase, a knowledge base of technological advancements and their possible incorporation into the DMS design will be maintained. System growth and technologies insertion issues for DMS design and development are addressed.

Douglas, Katherine↗
NASA NTRS2019

Stress Corrosion Evaluation of Elgiloy Alloy for the ISS ECLSS — Universal Waste Management System

Elgiloy® alloy (UNS R30003)—a spring material per AMS 5876D (reference 1)—is one among several alloys recently evaluated for stress corrosion cracking resistance in support of the International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS). Elgiloy was evaluated particularly for its expected use in the Universal Waste Management System (described in references 2 and 3). Data for other alloys previously evaluated were reported in references 4 and 5. Materials included in reference 4 are Inconel 625, Hastelloy® C276, commercially pure titanium, titanium with 6% aluminum and 4% vanadium (Ti6Al4V), extra-low interstitial Ti6Al4V, and Cronidur 30. The results for Nitinol 60 are in reference 5. During the water recovery process, the metallic components fabricated from these materials are exposed to acidic solutions used for waste treatment. The purpose of the current and previous stress corrosion evaluations is to determine if these materials have adequate stress corrosion resistance.

Torres, Pablo D.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Integrated waste and water management system

The performance requirements of the NASA Space Station have prompted a reexamination of a previously developed integrated waste and water management system that used distillation and catalytic oxydation to purify waste water, and microbial digestion and incineration for waste solids disposal. This system successfully operated continuously for 206 days, for a 4-man equivalent load of urine, feces, wash water, condensate, and trash. Attention is given to synergisms that could be established with other life support systems, in the cases of thermal integration, design commonality, and novel technologies.

Murray, R. W.↗
NASA NTRS1997

A Comparison of Two Control Display Unit Concepts on Flight Management System Training

One of the biggest challenges for a pilot in the transition to a 'glass' cockpit is understanding the flight management system (FMS). Because of both the complex nature of the FMS and the pilot-FMS interface, a large portion of transition training is devoted to the FMS. The current study examined the impact of the primary pilot-FMS interface, the control display unit (CDU), on FMS training. Based on the hypothesis that the interface design could have a significant impact on training, an FMS simulation with two separate interfaces was developed. One interface was similar to a current-generation design, and the other was a multiwindows CDU based on graphical user interface techniques. For both application and evaluation reasons, constraints were applied to the graphical CDU design to maintain as much similarity as possible with the conventional CDU. This preliminary experiment was conducted to evaluate the interface effects on training. Sixteen pilots with no FMS experience were used in a between-subjects test. A time-compressed, airline-type FMS training environment was simulated. The subjects were trained to a fixed-time criterion, and performance was measured in a final, full-mission simulation context. This paper describes the technical approach, simulation implementation, and experimental results of this effort.

Abbott, Terence S.↗
NASA NTRS2004

NASA-Langley Research Center's Aircraft Condition Analysis and Management System Implementation

This document describes the hardware implementation design and architecture of Aeronautical Radio Incorporated (ARINC)'s Aircraft Condition Analysis and Management System (ACAMS), which was developed at NASA-Langley Research Center (LaRC) for use in its Airborne Research Integrated Experiments System (ARIES) Laboratory. This activity is part of NASA's Aviation Safety Program (AvSP), the Single Aircraft Accident Prevention (SAAP) project to develop safety-enabling technologies for aircraft and airborne systems. The fundamental intent of these technologies is to allow timely intervention or remediation to improve unsafe conditions before they become life threatening.

Frye, Mark W.↗
NASA NTRS2011

Flight Management System Execution of Idle-Thrust Descents in Operations

To enable arriving aircraft to fly optimized descents computed by the flight management system (FMS) in congested airspace, ground automation must accurately predict descent trajectories. To support development of the trajectory predictor and its error models, commercial flights executed idle-thrust descents, and the recorded data includes the target speed profile and FMS intent trajectories. The FMS computes the intended descent path assuming idle thrust after top of descent (TOD), and any intervention by the controllers that alters the FMS execution of the descent is recorded so that such flights are discarded from the analysis. The horizontal flight path, cruise and meter fix altitudes, and actual TOD location are extracted from the radar data. Using more than 60 descents in Boeing 777 aircraft, the actual speeds are compared to the intended descent speed profile. In addition, three aspects of the accuracy of the FMS intent trajectory are analyzed: the meter fix crossing time, the TOD location, and the altitude at the meter fix. The actual TOD location is within 5 nmi of the intent location for over 95% of the descents. Roughly 90% of the time, the airspeed is within 0.01 of the target Mach number and within 10 KCAS of the target descent CAS, but the meter fix crossing time is only within 50 sec of the time computed by the FMS. Overall, the aircraft seem to be executing the descents as intended by the designers of the onboard automation.

Stell, Laurel L.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Advanced data management system architectures testbed

The objective of the Architecture and Tools Testbed is to provide a working, experimental focus to the evolving automation applications for the Space Station Freedom data management system. Emphasis is on defining and refining real-world applications including the following: the validation of user needs; understanding system requirements and capabilities; and extending capabilities. The approach is to provide an open, distributed system of high performance workstations representing both the standard data processors and networks and advanced RISC-based processors and multiprocessor systems. The system provides a base from which to develop and evaluate new performance and risk management concepts and for sharing the results. Participants are given a common view of requirements and capability via: remote login to the testbed; standard, natural user interfaces to simulations and emulations; special attention to user manuals for all software tools; and E-mail communication. The testbed elements which instantiate the approach are briefly described including the workstations, the software simulation and monitoring tools, and performance and fault tolerance experiments.

Grant, Terry↗
NASA NTRS1980

Application of a data base management system to a finite element model

In today's software market, much effort is being expended on the development of data base management systems (DBMS). Most commercially available DBMS were designed for business use. However, the need for such systems within the engineering and scientific communities is becoming apparent. A potential DBMS application that appears attractive is the handling of data for finite element engineering models. The applications of a commercially available, business-oriented DBMS to a structural engineering, finite element model is explored. The model, DBMS, an approach to using the DBMS, advantages and disadvantages are described. Plans for research on a scientific and engineering DBMS are discussed.

Rogers, J. L., Jr.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Thermal Management System Sizing and Mission Analysis for the SUSAN Electrofan Aircraft

This paper will detail the design, sizing, and mission analysis for the thermal management system (TMS) for the Subsonic Single Aft eNgine (SUSAN) aircraft. Previous work has defined key performance parameters (KPPs) for the electrical power system on SUSAN. These KPPs, efficiency and specific power, were assigned values for each power system component at minimum, nominal, and maximum levels of technology development. The values were based on NASA’s research in Electrified Aircraft Propulsion (EAP) technology. A similar approach was taken in this work, defining and assigning values for KPPs for each component of the TMS. These KPPs are used as inputs to the TMS analysis and sizing and establish targets for future technology development. The minimum level is based on the current state of the art, using available data on commercial off-the-shelf products from suppliers, datasheets, or testing. The nominal level is based on recent published research and on-going NASA-funded work. The maximum level represents a projection of technology performance into the future.

Electrified Aircraft↗
NASA NTRS1995

Aircraft scanner data availability via the version 0 Information Management System

As part of the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) development, NASA and other government agencies have developed an operational prototype of the Information Management System (IMS). The IMS provides access to the data archived at the Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAAC's) that allows users to search through metadata describing the (image) data. Criteria based on sensor name or type, date and time, and geographic location are used to search the archive. Graphical representations of coverage and browse images are available to further refine a user's selection. previously, the EROS Data Center (EDC) DAAC had identified the Advanced SOlid-state Array Spectrometer (ASAS), Airborne Visible and infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS), NS-001, and Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) as precursor data sets similar to those the DAAC will handle in the Earth Observing System era. Currently, the EDC DAAC staff, in cooperation with NASA, has transcribed TIMS, NS-001, and Thematic Mapper Simulation (TMS) data from Ames Research Center and also TIMS data from Stennis Space Center. During the transcription process, the IMS metadata and browse images were created to populate the inventory at the EDC DAAC. These data sets are now available in the IMS and may be requested from the any of the DAAC's via the IMS.

Mah, G. R.↗