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Supersonic wind tunnel nozzles: A selected, annotated bibliography to aid in the development of quiet wind tunnel technology

This bibliography, with abstracts, consists of 298 citations arranged in chronological order. The citations were selected to be helpful to persons engaged in the design and development of quiet (low disturbance) nozzles for modern supersonic wind tunnels. Author, subject, and corporate source indexes are included to assist with the location of specific information.

Wolf, Stephen W. D.↗

X-ray illuminated stellar winds - Ionization effects in the radiative driving of stellar winds in massive X-ray binary systems

This paper presents calculations of the effect of changing X-ray ionization conditions on the radiative force experienced by the stellar wind material in a massive X-ray binary system. The radiative line force from the radiation field of the primary is parameterized in terms of the Castor et al. (1975) force multiplier. The results show that the line force decreases sharply, but in a nonlinear way, with increasing X-ray ionization. The dynamic consequences of this effect are discussed.

Stevens, Ian R.↗

Comparison between reference atmosphere winds and radar winds from selected locations

Zonal and meridional 60-110-km wind profiles obtained by radar measurements at Saskatoon, Adelaide, Christchurch, Puerto Rico, and Mawson are presented graphically and compared with those from the COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere (CIRA) for 1986. Good general agreement is found below about 80 km, but above 80 km the CIRA 1986 models show discrepancies, including: (1) no spring tongue of weak westward flow at latitudes 20-70 deg; (2) too strong an eastward flow at 20-52 deg in summer; (3) too great reversal heights at 35-43 deg N in summer; and (4) too strong (by a factor of 2) summer and winter jets at 65-70 deg N.

Manson, A. H.↗

Design of Wind Tunnels and Wind Tunnel Propellers II

This report is a continuation of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics report no. 73. The variations in velocity and direction of the wind stream were studied by means of a recording air speed meter and a recording yawmeter. The work was carried on both in a 1-foot diameter model tunnel and in a 5-foot full-size tunnel, and wherever possible comparison was made between them. It was found that placing radial vanes directly before the propeller in the exit cone increased the efficiency of the tunnel to a considerable extent and also gave a steadier flow.

Norton, F H↗

Solar-wind/magnetospheric dynamos: MHD-scale collective entry of the solar wind energy, momentum and mass into the magnetosphere

A quasi open MHD (Magnetohydrodynamic) scale anomalous transport controlled boundary layer model is proposed, where the MHD collective behavior of magnetofluids (direct dynamo effect, anomalous viscous interaction and anomalous diffusion of the mass and the magnetic field) plays the main role in the conversion of the Solar Wind (SW) kinetic and magnetic energy into electromagnetic energy in the Magnetosphere (MSp). The so called direct and indirect dynamo effects are based on inductive and purely dissipative energy conversion, respectively. The self organization ability of vector fields in turbulent magnetofluids implies an inductive response of the plasma, which leads to the direct dynamo effect. The direct dynamo effect describes the direct formation of localized field aligned currents and the transverse Alfven waves and provides a source for MHD scale anomalous diffusivity and viscosity. The SW/MSp coupling depends on the dynamo efficiency.

Song, Yan↗

NGC7009: Testing the Wind-Wind Interaction Formation of Planetary Nebulae

We have successfully obtained the XMM-Newton observations of NGC 7009. X-ray emission is detected from the interior of NGC 7009, and it is definite resolved, indicating a plasma emission. We have carried out both a spatial analysis and a spectral analysis. The spatial analysis is limited by the angular resolution of the telescope. It is possible to confirm the existence of diffuse emission from hot gas, but the detailed distribution of the hot gas and the amount of stellar emission cannot be determined. The spectral analysis shows that the plasma temperature is only about 2 x 10(exp 6) K. This is the coolest PN interior ever detected. A mixing of shocked fast stellar wind and the cool nebular material is needed. The results of our analysis have been reported in a paper published in the Astronomy and Astrophysics Letters, as given below.

Chu, You-Hua↗

High-Resolution Wind Measurements for Offshore Wind Energy Development

A mathematical transform, called the Rosette Transform, together with a new method, called the Dense Sampling Method, have been developed. The Rosette Transform is invented to apply to both the mean part and the fluctuating part of a targeted radar signature using the Dense Sampling Method to construct the data in a high-resolution grid at 1-km posting for wind measurements over water surfaces such as oceans or lakes.

Nghiem, Son V.↗

The World’s Largest Wind Tunnels: Their History, Contributions to Aeronautics, and Importance to Flight - A History of the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot and 80- by 120-Foot Wind Tunnels

This book describes the history of the facility in some detail. Modifications to the tunnel are described along with much of the research and development testing performed over the years. Often models or aircraft were studied in the facility and then modified and tested again, such that many models and aircraft were tested numerous times over a period of several years. Descriptions generally cover investigations of models that occurred for several years, rather than descriptions of tests performed chronologically. The goal has been to make the descriptions understandable and not particularly technical, but yet clearly state their purposes. Not all tests are described because of the large number of tests performed (on the order of 700), but many representative tests are described that are intended to illustrate the variety and importance of the models and aircraft investigated over the years. A comprehensive list of references is included for those who are interested in more technical details. It should be noted that after the implementation of full-cost recovery, the interest of NASA in producing traditional reports on aerodynamics was substantially reduced. As a result, there were fewer NASA aeronautical reports in later years. This was a disappointing development because of the importance and high quality of the NASA reports and the importance of archiving results of unique experiments. Dates of important events are provided in Appendix A and a list of NFAC tests are provided in Appendix B. This book is organized in four parts: Part I. Design and Construction; Part II. Operation and Management History; Part III. Research History; and Part IV. Concluding Remarks, References, and Appendices.

World’s Largest Wind Tunnels↗