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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 325 records · Page 18
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

RETRO RX

RETRO Rx is an R&D 100 Gold Award-winning suite of tools that provides a new class of analytics in the space between traditional epidemiological models and unanalyzed spreadsheets of data. Unlike traditional models, these tools provide analysts, scientists, practitioners, and decision makers a way to easily and effectively do sophisticated analyses using a simple user interface. AIDO guides users at the early stages of a disease outbreak by comparing the current parameters to historic outbreaks. RED Alert constructs a broad historical picture of disease incidence (recent outbreak included) to detect disease reemergence at its earliest stages, locally and globally. RETRO Rx compiles data and presents analysis in a clear, concise visual format to support disease mitigation and prevention planning. Both are available currently as web-based apps. A prototype of the RED Alert mobile app with enhanced functionality is available for beta testing and AIDO mobile app development is planned.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Multi-scale Dynamics of Water Regulation by Bacteria in Synthetic Soil Microsystems (Final Technical Report)

The objective of this project was to develop a multifunctional in situ platform to link gene expression, regulation, and function with the spatiotemporal context of the whole cell environment. In particular, we focus on a synthetic rhizosphere microhabitat and spatial regulation of genes encoding production of exopolysaccharides, or EPS. We have fully met this objective and report results that support the hypothesis: microbial EPS production, acting at pore throats, limits water evaporation and promotes resilience of terrestrial soil systems.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Digital Biosecurity Pilot Project

Security models for the bioeconomy have largely been developed on risk profiles borrowed from the financial industry and, in some cases, industrial control systems. The bioeconomy, however, has unique characteristics that require domain-specific knowledge of the risks to environmental, health and economic impact from directly targeted attacks. Key questions need to be assessed and answered for any facility engaged in bioproduction. These include: how much technical information must the attacker possess in order to target a specific process or facility? Which processes cause the largest economic impact if disrupted? Can an attacker lead companies down the wrong path of research, leading to irrecoverable losses of time, resources and capital? Can attackers disrupt venture capital strategies and affect financial returns? What are the resources required to attack key workflows, and subsequently what is the cost of defense? What strategies are effective against such attackers, and what are their cost? Can government provide an active role in assurance of material, process and results for critical bioeconomic infrastructure?

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Coronavirus is a family of common viruses, some causing illness in people and others that circulate among animals, including camels, cats and bats. Analysis of the genetic tree of this virus is ongoing to know the specific source of the virus. SARS, another coronavirus that emerged to infect people, came from civet cats, while MERS, another coronavirus that emerged to infect people, came from camels. A novel coronavirus is a virus that has not previously been identified. The first infection was reported in Wuhan, China in Dec. 2019, with a source probably originating from a livestock market, and a suspected origination from bats.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Technology Summary DNATRAX

DNATrax (DNA Tagged Reagents for Aerosol eXperiments) was developed to provide a safe simulant for understanding the transport and dispersion of pathogens. Specifically, it was developed as a safe surrogate for the Bacillus anthrasis spore bioagent, since most naturally occurring spores are not safe for public release. As DNA-tagged sugar particles, DNATrax aerosols are safe for public release. Scientists can add unique DNA barcode sequences to the sugar particles to produce a wide variety of test particles that can be easily differentiated, making it possible to release and test them simultaneously. The unique barcodes also eliminate the need to conduct decontamination between tests, dramatically reducing the cost and time to run experiments. Additionally, the surrogate offers a high-sensitivity detection method to understand key public health issues. We conducted both lab-based and largescale field studies using DNATrax to validate its capabilities for use as a pathogen surrogate. We have demonstrated the ability to produce DNATrax in a range of sizes, adjusting the microparticles to simulate different sized pathogens with ability to create unique sequences of DNA bases, enabling them to create a nearly unlimited variety of test particles.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Basic Energy Sciences Program Update

This brochure describes updates to the BES program in FY 2019, including new awards, strategic planning activities, and recognition of BES Principal Investigators. It also describes select research highlights from the three divisions in BES.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Pathogen Management Kit (Technical Bulletin)

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has developed and produced a simple add-on kit (Pathogen Management Kit, or PMK) that can quickly add on to ventilators of all types to disinfect exhaled air to keep healthcare workers safe.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

COVID-19 LDRD Project Summaries

Sandia National Laboratories currently has 27 COVID-related Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) projects focused on helping the nation during the pandemic. These LDRD projects cross many disciplines including bioscience, computing & information sciences, engineering science, materials science, nanodevices & microsystems, and radiation effects & high energy density science.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Coronaviruses: Epidemics and Pandemics

Coronaviruses constitute a large group of viruses that circulate in domestic and wild mammals and birds (human, cat, dog, pig, mouse, rat, bat, cattle, deer, giraffe, llama, sheep, elk, caribou, and birds). Seven of them have made their way into humans. This presentation gives an overview of three coronavirus epidemics with an emphasis on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) which causes coronavirus disease -2019 (COVID-19).

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Observations Regarding Face Shield Designs Using Commonly Available Materials

A Sandia COVID-19 LDRD effort, the Sandia E-PiPEline Team, systematically evaluated design options for face shields constructed from commonly available materials (CAMs). This study is not focused on face shields for medical applications, and as such, has excluded labeling and flammability considerations suggested by the FDA. Design options for face shields were analyzed with subject matter expert input considering the design's effectiveness (seal around face), reusability (compatibility with solvents, degree of inertness), producibility (ability to obtain materials, build time), cost, and comfort (fit around head, contact surface interface). Observations for the design of face shields using CAMS are provided here.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Observations Regarding Face Covering Designs Using Commonly Available Materials

The Center for Disease Control has recommended that the public should wear cloth face coverings in public settings'. A Sandia COVID-19 LDRD effort, the Sandia E-PiPEline Team, systematically evaluated design options for face coverings constructed from commonly available materials (CAMS). The design options were analyzed with subject matter expert input considering the design's effectiveness (metric fiber density, material construction, and water saturation), reusability (degree of inertness), producibility (ability to obtain materials, build time), cost, and comfort (fit on face, breathability). Observations for the design of face coverings using CAMs are provided here.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Swab Tensile Testing Results and Procedures

This tensile test is to mimic the worst-case scenario of the swab being caught on an obstruction when being pulled out of the nasopharyngeal space. It is to determine how much tensile force the swab can withstand without breaking. A variety of different swabs (different materials and different geometries) were tested using the protocol outlined in Section 2 (Tensile Testing Procedure). Not all of the swabs were pre-treated using the Autoclave. For those swabs that were pre-treated using the Autoclave, the tensile tests were performed within 6 hours of completion of the Autoclave pre-treatment, with the exception of the “Aged” swabs. For the “Aged” swabs, the tensile tests were performed 7 days after the Autoclave pre -treatment. All swabs were provided by HP.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Swab Tensile Testing Results [Slides]

HP PA11 material swabs predominantly broke at the joint between the head and the neck, although there was significant variation in the break locations. HP PA12, Injection Molded, and FormLabs (Surgical Guide V1 Resin) material swabs predominately broke in the neck region.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Swab Tensile Testing Results and Procedures

This tensile test is to mimic the worst-case scenario of the swab being caught on an obstruction when being pulled out of the nasopharyngeal space. It is to determine how much tensile force the swab can withstand without breaking. A variety of different swabs (different materials and different geometries) were tested using the protocol outlined in Section 2 (Tensile Testing Procedure). Not all of the swabs were pre-treated using the Autoclave. For those swabs that were pre-treated using the Autoclave, the tensile tests were performed within 6 hours of completion of the Autoclave pre-treatment, with the exception of the Injection Molded samples. For the Injection Molded samples, the tensile tests were performed within 24 hours of the completion of the Autoclave pre-treatment. The FormLabs-USF and FormLabs-Northwell were printed at LLNL using FormLabs Surgical Grade V1 Resin on a Form 3B Printer. All other samples were provided by HP.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Uncertainty analysis of Resource Demand Model for Covid-19

As part of the Department of Energy response to the novel coronavirus pandemic of 2020, a modeling effort was sponsored by the DOE Office of Science. One task of this modeling effort at Sandia was to develop a model to predict medical resource needs given various patient arrival scenarios. Resources needed include personnel resources (nurses, ICU nurses, physicians, respiratory therapists), fixed resources (regular or ICU beds and ventilators), and consumable resources (masks, gowns, gloves, face shields, sedatives). This report documents the uncertainty analysis that was performed on the resource model. The uncertainty analysis involved sampling 26 input parameters to the model. The sampling was performed conditional on the patient arrival streams that also were inputs to the model. These patient arrival streams were derived from various epidemiology models and had a significant effect on the projected resource needs. In this report, we document the sampling approach, the parameter ranges used, and the computational workflow necessary to perform large-scale uncertainty studies for every county and state in the United States.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Swab Tensile Testing Results and Procedures - PA11 Rev. 10 Swabs

This tensile test is to mimic the worst-case scenario of the swab being caught on an obstruction when being pulled out of the nasopharyngeal space. It is to determine how much tensile force the swab can withstand without breaking. All swabs were provided by HP and were the PA11 material and Rev 10 design. All of the swabs were tested using the protocol outlined in Section 2 (Tensile Testing Procedure). Not all of the swabs were pre-treated using the Autoclave. For those swabs that were pre-treated using the Autoclave, the tensile tests were performed within 6 hours of completion of the Autoclave pre-treatment, with the exception of the “Aged” swabs. For the “Aged” swabs, the tensile tests were performed 7 days after the Autoclave pre -treatment. The “Aged” swabs that were not pre-treated using the Autoclave, were tested 7 days after those that were not “Aged.”

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗