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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 325 records · Page 18
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

Distributions of electron plasma oscillations upstream from the earth's bow shock.

Evaluation of data from the 14.5- and 30-kHz plasma-wave detector channels aboard Ogo 5 for the period Dec. 2, 1968, to Apr. 8, 1969, demonstrating the relatively isotropic occurrence of electron plasma oscillations upstream from the bow shock. These plasma oscillations were shown previously to correlate with streams of electrons having energy greater than 700 eV. The present study implies the presence of such streams, most probably electrons reflected by the bow shock, irrespective of spacecraft longitude in the upstream solar wind.

Fredricks, R. W.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Angular distribution for electron excitation of the 4(2)S yields 4(2)P transition in Zn II - Comparison of experiment and theory

Differential electron-scattering cross sections for inelastic excitation of an ion have been measured for the first time. Experiments were carried out in a cross electron-ion beam geometry for the 4(2)S yields 4(2)P transition in Zn II at 75 eV. In addition, differential cross sections were calculated at energies between 15 and 100 eV in a five-state close-coupling approximation in which 4s, 4p, 3d(9)4s(2), 5s, and 4 d states were included. Agreement in shape between theory and experiment at 75 eV is excellent.

Chutjian, A.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Angular distributions for electron impact excitation of ions from energy-loss spectra measurements

Energy-loss spectra for excitation of the 2S to 2PO transitions in ZNII and CdII by electrons have been observed for the first time. Differential scattering cross sections are reported at 75 eV electron energy. Comparisons are made to close-coupling theory for the 4,2S to 4,2P transition in ZnII. In CdII comparisons are made to the 5,2S(1/2) to 5,2S(3/2) integral cross section from absolute emission measurements, to theoretical results for the analogous 2S to 2P transition in ZnII, and to Gaunt-factor calculations. A description of the crossed beam apparatus is given, and conversion of scattering intensity to absolute cross section discussed.

Chutjian, A.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Monte Carlo simulations of electron lateral distributions in the core region of 10(13) - 10(16) eV air showers

This paper contains details of computer models of shower development which have been used to investigate the experimental data on shower cores observed in the Leeds 35 sq m and Sacramento Peak (New Mexico) 20 sq m arrays of current limited spark (discharge) chambers. The simulations include predictions for primaries ranging from protons to iron nuclei (with heavy nuclei treated using both superposition and fragmentation models).

Ash, A. G.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The effect of hydrodynamic turbulence on Langmuir waves in a slightly ionized plasma

In the lower altitude regions of the ionosphere, the gas present is only slightly ionized, and it behaves as a fluid. It is expected that a turbulent wake will form behind a spacecraft. Information is to be obtained regarding the effect of this turbulence on plasma waves measured by the spacecraft. If the turbulence is two-dimensional (2-D) and carries enstrophy, a fluctuating magnetic field and electric fields are produced. The fields induce fluctuations in the electron population which correlate with the magnetic and electric fluctuations which produced them. This correlation causes diffusion which changes the electron distribution and heats the electrons. As a result, the Langmuir frequency increases, and the Landau damping of Langmuir waves in the plasma decreases. Details regarding these processes are discussed, taking into account the results of a mathematical analysis.

Parish, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Angular distribution of electrons elastically scattered from CH4

Differential elastic (vibrationally) scattering cross sections of CH4 by electron impact have been measured using a modulated crossed-beam method. The energy and angular range covered were from 5 to 50 eV and from 12 to 156 deg, respectively. The integrated and momentum transfer cross sections were obtained from the differential cross sections. The present results are compared with earlier data. Some discrepancies were found in the measurements and theoretical results.

Shyn, T. W.↗
NASA NTRS1991

On the reconciliation of simultaneous microwave imaging and hard X-ray observations of a solar flare

Microwave imaging data for a small flare with simultaneous hard X-ray spectral observations are compared. The X-ray data suggest that the power-law index delta of the energy distribution of the radiating electrons is 5.3 (thick-target) which differs significantly from the estimate (delta = 1.4) from a homogeneous optically-thin gyrosynchrotron model which fits the radio observations well. In order to reconcile these results, a double power-law energy spectrum is investigated for the energetic electrons in the flare, as assumed by other authors: the power law is steep at low energies and much flatter at the higher energies which produce the bulk of the microwaves. The emission of soft photons by the flat tail strongly contributes to the observed hard X-ray range and would flatten the spectrum there. A thin-target model for the X-ray emission is also inconsistent with radio data. An inhomogenous gyrosychrotron model with a number of free parameters and containing an electron distribution given by the thick-target X-ray model could be made to fit the radio data.

Nitta, N.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Electron impact cross-sections and cooling rates for methane

Energy transfer between electrons and methane gas by collisional processes plays an important role in the thermal balance of electrons in the atmospheres and ionospheres of planets and satellites in the outer solar system. The literature is reviewed for electron impact cross-sections for methane in this paper. Energy transfer rates are calculated for elastic and inelastic processes using a Maxwellian electron distribution. Vibrational, rotational, and electronic excitation and ionization are included. Results are presented for a wide range of electron temperatures and neutral temperatures.

Gan, L.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Miocrowave spectral imaging, H-alpha and hard X-ray observations of a solar limb flare

We compare the microwave, H-alpha, and hard X-ray observations for a west limb C7.3 flare that occurred at 17:10 UT, 1992 June 26. H-alpha movies were obtained at Big Bear Solar Observatory. Before the onset of the flare, overexposed H-alpha images show the complicated flux loop structure above the limb. Material was observed to descend along the loops toward the site where the flare occurred hours later. Using the five-antenna solar array at Owens Valley Radio Observatory, we obtain two-dimensional maps of flare emission from 1.4 to 14 GHz. In all three temporal peaks of the microwave bursts, the maps show the same characteristics. The peak low-frequency emission comes from the top of one bundle of the H-alpha loops and gradually shifts to the foot-point of the loops (the location of H-alpha flare) as the frequency increases. The location of the emission peak shifts 88 sec between 1 and 14 GHz. Seventy percent of the shift occurs between 1 and 5 GHz. The locus of the shift of the emission peak follows the shape of an H-alpha surge that occurred after the flare. For each point along the locus, we create the microwave brightness temperature spectrum and compare the radio-derived electron distribution with that derived from the high-resolution hard X-ray spectra measured with Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on board the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO). We find that the peak frequency changes from approximately 3 GHz at the loop top to approximately 7 GHz at the footprint, presumably due to the increase of the magnetic field from approximately 160 GHz at the loop top to approximately 300 G at the footpoint. The high-frequency slope of the microwave power-law spectrum decreases from approximately 10 at the loop top to approximately 5 at the footprint due to a change in the energy distribution of the dominant electrons. The microwave brightness temperature spectral index predicted by the BATSE power-law hard X-ray spectra agrees with the measured value only at the footpoint. At the loop top, the emission may be thermal gyrosynchrotron with a temperature of 3.5 x 10(exp 7) K, which is likely to correspond to the superhot component seen in the hard X-ray emission.

Wang, H.↗
NASA NTRS1998

Track Structure Model for Radial Distributions of Electron Spectra and Event Spectra from High-Energy Ions

An analytic method is described for evaluating the average radial electron spectrum and the radial and total frequency-event spectrum for high-energy ions. For high-energy ions, indirect events make important contributions to frequency-event spectra. The method used for evaluating indirect events is to fold the radial electron spectrum with measured frequency-event spectrum for photons or electrons. The contribution from direct events is treated using a spatially restricted linear energy transfer (LET). We find that high-energy heavy ions have a significantly reduced frequency-averaged final energy (yF) compared to LET, while relativistic protons have a significantly increased yF and dose-averaged lineal energy (yD) for typical site sizes used in tissue equivalent proportional counters. Such differences represent important factors in evaluating event spectra with laboratory beams, in space- flight, or in atmospheric radiation studies and in validation of radiation transport codes. The inadequacy of LET as descriptor because of deviations in values of physical quantities, such as track width, secondary electron spectrum, and yD for ions of identical LET is also discussed.

Cucinotta, F. A.↗
NASA NTRS2016

Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations of the Electron Diffusion Region of Large Guide Field Magnetic Reconnection

We report observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) satellites of a large guide field magnetic reconnection event. The observations suggest that two of the four MMS spacecraft sampled the electron diffusion region, whereas the other two spacecraft detected the exhaust jet from the event. The guide magnetic field amplitude is approximately 4 times that of the reconnecting field. The event is accompanied by a significant parallel electric field (E(sub parallel lines) that is larger than predicted by simulations. The high-speed (approximately 300 km/s) crossing of the electron diffusion region limited the data set to one complete electron distribution inside of the electron diffusion region, which shows significant parallel heating. The data suggest that E(sub parallel lines) is balanced by a combination of electron inertia and a parallel gradient of the gyrotropic electron pressure.

Eriksson, S.↗