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Results for “mesoscale science”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 325 records · Page 18
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Modeling and observations of North Atlantic cyclones: Implications for U.S. Offshore wind energy

To meet the Biden-Harris administration's goal of deploying 30 GW of offshore wind power by 2030 and 110 GW by 2050, expansion of wind energy into U.S. territorial waters prone to tropical cyclones (TCs) and extratropical cyclones (ETCs) is essential. This requires a deeper understanding of cyclone-related risks and the development of robust, resilient offshore wind energy systems. Here, this paper provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-science measurement and modeling capabilities for studying TCs and ETCs, and their impacts across various spatial and temporal scales. We explore measurement capabilities for environments influenced by TCs and ETCs, including near-surface and vertical profiles of critical variables that characterize these cyclones. The capabilities and limitations of Earth system and mesoscale models are assessed for their effectiveness in capturing atmosphere–ocean–wave interactions that influence TC/ETC-induced risks under a changing climate. Additionally, we discuss microscale modeling capabilities designed to bridge scale gaps from the weather scale (a few kilometers) to the turbine scale (dozens to a few meters). We also review machine learning (ML)-based, data-driven models for simulating TC/ETC events at both weather and wind turbine scales. Special attention is given to extreme metocean conditions like extreme wind gusts, rapid wind direction changes, and high waves, which pose threats to offshore wind energy infrastructure. Finally, the paper outlines the research challenges and future directions needed to enhance the resilience and design of next-generation offshore wind turbines against extreme weather conditions.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Multi-scale evaluation of diesel commuter rail fuel use, emissions, and eco-driving

Diesel commuter rail emissions affect populations near rail corridors. An approach is demonstrated to quantify mesoscale and microscale diesel commuter rail fuel use and emission rates (FUERs) of CO 2 , CO, NO x , particulate matter, and total hydrocarbons based on two U.S. systems. A speed trajectory simulator, an energy model, and an emissions model were calibrated, evaluated, and applied. FUERs and potential reductions from eco-driving were quantified based on simulated trajectories. Hotspots were defined as sections with ≥ 90 th percentile of section-average FUERs by species. A few key variables explain 74–80% of variability in mesoscopic and microscopic FUERs. On average, FUERs are 7–8 times greater for hotspots than non-hotspots. Eco-driving was estimated to reduce segment-average FUERs by 3–33% and eliminate 2–11% hotspots. However, mesoscale oriented eco-driving can, at some locations, increase microscopic FUERs. The approach is adaptable to other diesel commuter rail systems.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Bridging length scales in organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors through internal strain and mesoscale dynamics

Understanding the structural and dynamic properties of disordered systems at the mesoscale is crucial. This is particularly important in organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs), which undergo significant and complex structural changes when operated in an electrolyte. Here, in this study, we investigate the mesoscale strain, reversibility and dynamics of a model OMIEC material under external electrochemical potential using operando X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Our results reveal that strain and structural hysteresis depend on the sample's cycling history, establishing a comprehensive kinetic sequence bridging the macroscopic and microscopic behaviours of OMIECs. Furthermore, we uncover the equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics of charge carriers and material-doping states, highlighting the unexpected coupling between charge carrier dynamics and mesoscale order. These findings advance our understanding of the structure-dynamics-function relationships in OMIECs, opening pathways for designing and engineering materials with improved performance and functionality in non-equilibrium states during device operation. Understanding mesoscale structure and dynamics in organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors is crucial. Mesoscale strain kinetics and structural hysteresis have been studied, and they uncover the coupling between charge carrier dynamics and mesoscale order in organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Input files and WRF run directory for a LASSO-CACTI simulation

Tar file containing files necessary for reproducing a given Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation from the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) deep-convection scenario for the Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign. The LASSO-CACTI simulations span grid spacings from 7.5 km to 100 m for convection near the Sierras de Córdoba mountain range, roughly centered on the ARM Mobile Facility. More information can be found at https://www.arm.gov/capabilities/modeling/lasso. Types of files in this tar include the initial and boundary conditions, WRF namelist, and other files present in a WRF run directory.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Raw WRF model output files from a LASSO-CACTI simulation

The raw model output from a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation from the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) deep-convection scenario for the Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign. The LASSO-CACTI simulations span grid spacings from 7.5 km to 100 m through the use of four nested domains, labeled d1 through d4. The simulations are of convection near the Sierras de Córdoba mountain range, roughly centered on the ARM Mobile Facility. More information can be found at https://www.arm.gov/capabilities/modeling/lasso. The raw model output is in netCDF format as output by the WRF model, i.e., the “wrfout” files, with the files renamed for archival purposes.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

WRF restart files for a LASSO-CACTI simulation

The restart files from a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation from the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) deep-convection scenario for the Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign. The LASSO-CACTI simulations span grid spacings from 7.5 km to 100 m through the use of four nested domains, labeled d1 through d4. Restarts are available for the LES domains, i.e., d3 and d4. The simulations are of convection near the Sierras de Córdoba mountain range, roughly centered on the ARM Mobile Facility. More information can be found at https://www.arm.gov/capabilities/modeling/lasso. The restart files are output every 30 minutes in netCDF format as output by the WRF model, i.e., the “wrfrst” files, with the files renamed for archival purposes.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Subsetted model output for aerosol-related variables from a LASSO-CACTI WRF simulation

Aerosol-related model output from a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation from the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) deep-convection scenario for the Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign. The LASSO-CACTI simulations span grid spacings from 7.5 km to 100 m through the use of four nested domains, labeled d1 through d4. The simulations are of convection near the Sierras de Córdoba mountain range, roughly centered on the ARM Mobile Facility. More information can be found at https://www.arm.gov/capabilities/modeling/lasso. This version of the output is a collection of variables subsetted from the raw WRF output to reduce the file overhead for users not needing the full raw dataset. The subset files are in netCDF format with the height-based variables on the raw, model eta levels. The aerosol properties are consistent with the Thompson aerosol-aware cloud microphysics scheme where the simulated aerosol are proxies for representative “water friendly” and “ice friendly” aerosol.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Subsetted model output for cloud-related variables from a LASSO-CACTI WRF simulation

Cloud-related model output from a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation from the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) deep-convection scenario for the Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign. The LASSO-CACTI simulations span grid spacings from 7.5 km to 100 m through the use of four nested domains, labeled d1 through d4. The simulations are of convection near the Sierras de Córdoba mountain range, roughly centered on the ARM Mobile Facility. More information can be found at https://www.arm.gov/capabilities/modeling/lasso. This version of the output is a collection of variables subsetted from the raw WRF output to reduce the file overhead for users not needing the full raw dataset. The subset files are in netCDF format with the height-based variables on the raw, model eta levels.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Subsetted model output on height-above-ground levels for cloud-related variables from a LASSO-CACTI WRF simulation

Cloud-related model output interpolated to height-above-ground levels from a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation from the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) deep-convection scenario for the Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign. The LASSO-CACTI simulations span grid spacings from 7.5 km to 100 m through the use of four nested domains, labeled d1 through d4. The simulations are of convection near the Sierras de Córdoba mountain range, roughly centered on the ARM Mobile Facility. More information can be found at https://www.arm.gov/capabilities/modeling/lasso. This version of the output is a collection of variables subsetted from the raw WRF output to reduce the file overhead for users not needing the full raw dataset. The subset files are in netCDF format with the height-based variables interpolated to heights based on distance above ground level.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Subsetted model output on height-above-mean-sea-level levels for cloud-related variables from a LASSO-CACTI WRF simulation

Cloud-related model output interpolated to heights-above-mean-sea-level from a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation from the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) deep-convection scenario for the Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign. The LASSO-CACTI simulations span grid spacings from 7.5 km to 100 m through the use of four nested domains, labeled d1 through d4. The simulations are of convection near the Sierras de Córdoba mountain range, roughly centered on the ARM Mobile Facility. More information can be found at https://www.arm.gov/capabilities/modeling/lasso. This version of the output is a collection of variables subsetted from the raw WRF output to reduce the file overhead for users not needing the full raw dataset. The subset files are in netCDF format with the height-based variables interpolated to heights based on distance above mean sea level.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Subsetted model output on pressure levels for cloud-related variables from a LASSO-CACTI WRF simulation

Cloud-related model output interpolated to pressure levels from a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation from the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) deep-convection scenario for the Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign. The LASSO-CACTI simulations span grid spacings from 7.5 km to 100 m through the use of four nested domains, labeled d1 through d4. The simulations are of convection near the Sierras de Córdoba mountain range, roughly centered on the ARM Mobile Facility. More information can be found at https://www.arm.gov/capabilities/modeling/lasso. This version of the output is a collection of variables subsetted from the raw WRF output to reduce the file overhead for users not needing the full raw dataset. The subset files are in netCDF format with the height-based variables interpolated to pressure levels.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Subsetted model output for meteorology-related variables from a LASSO-CACTI WRF simulation

Meteorology-related model output from a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation from the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) deep-convection scenario for the Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign. The LASSO-CACTI simulations span grid spacings from 7.5 km to 100 m through the use of four nested domains, labeled d1 through d4. The simulations are of convection near the Sierras de Córdoba mountain range, roughly centered on the ARM Mobile Facility. More information can be found at https://www.arm.gov/capabilities/modeling/lasso. This version of the output is a collection of variables subsetted from the raw WRF output to reduce the file overhead for users not needing the full raw dataset. The subset files are in netCDF format with the height-based variables on the raw, model eta levels.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Subsetted model output on height-above-ground levels for meteorology-related variables from a LASSO-CACTI WRF simulation

Meteorology-related model output interpolated to height-above-ground levels from a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation from the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) deep-convection scenario for the Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign. The LASSO-CACTI simulations span grid spacings from 7.5 km to 100 m through the use of four nested domains, labeled d1 through d4. The simulations are of convection near the Sierras de Córdoba mountain range, roughly centered on the ARM Mobile Facility. More information can be found at https://www.arm.gov/capabilities/modeling/lasso. This version of the output is a collection of variables subsetted from the raw WRF output to reduce the file overhead for users not needing the full raw dataset. The subset files are in netCDF format with the height-based variables interpolated to heights based on distance above ground level.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Subsetted model output on height-above-mean-sea-level levels for meteorology-related variables from a LASSO-CACTI WRF simulation

Meteorology-related model output interpolated to heights-above-mean-sea-level from a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation from the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) deep-convection scenario for the Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign. The LASSO-CACTI simulations span grid spacings from 7.5 km to 100 m through the use of four nested domains, labeled d1 through d4. The simulations are of convection near the Sierras de Córdoba mountain range, roughly centered on the ARM Mobile Facility. More information can be found at https://www.arm.gov/capabilities/modeling/lasso. This version of the output is a collection of variables subsetted from the raw WRF output to reduce the file overhead for users not needing the full raw dataset. The subset files are in netCDF format with the height-based variables interpolated to heights based on distance above mean sea level.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Subsetted model output on pressure levels for meteorology-related variables from a LASSO-CACTI WRF simulation

Meteorology-related model output interpolated to pressure levels from a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation from the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) deep-convection scenario for the Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign. The LASSO-CACTI simulations span grid spacings from 7.5 km to 100 m through the use of four nested domains, labeled d1 through d4. The simulations are of convection near the Sierras de Córdoba mountain range, roughly centered on the ARM Mobile Facility. More information can be found at https://www.arm.gov/capabilities/modeling/lasso. This version of the output is a collection of variables subsetted from the raw WRF output to reduce the file overhead for users not needing the full raw dataset. The subset files are in netCDF format with the height-based variables interpolated to pressure levels.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Subsetted model output for meteorology-related variables on staggered grids from a LASSO-CACTI WRF simulation

Meteorology-related model output for variables on staggered grids from a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation from the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) deep-convection scenario for the Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign. The LASSO-CACTI simulations span grid spacings from 7.5 km to 100 m through the use of four nested domains, labeled d1 through d4. The simulations are of convection near the Sierras de Córdoba mountain range, roughly centered on the ARM Mobile Facility. More information can be found at https://www.arm.gov/capabilities/modeling/lasso. This version of the output is a collection of variables subsetted from the raw WRF output to reduce the file overhead for users not needing the full raw dataset. The subset files are in netCDF format with the height-based variables on the raw, model eta levels.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Subsetted model output for planetary-boundary-layer-related variables from a LASSO-CACTI WRF simulation

Planetary-boundary-layer-related model output from a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation from the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) deep-convection scenario for the Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign. The LASSO-CACTI simulations span grid spacings from 7.5 km to 100 m through the use of four nested domains, labeled d1 through d4. The simulations are of convection near the Sierras de Córdoba mountain range, roughly centered on the ARM Mobile Facility. More information can be found at https://www.arm.gov/capabilities/modeling/lasso. This version of the output is a collection of variables subsetted from the raw WRF output to reduce the file overhead for users not needing the full raw dataset. The subset files are in netCDF format with the height-based variables on the raw, model eta levels.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Subsetted model output for radiation-related variables from a LASSO-CACTI WRF simulation

Radiation-related model output from a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation from the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) deep-convection scenario for the Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign. The LASSO-CACTI simulations span grid spacings from 7.5 km to 100 m through the use of four nested domains, labeled d1 through d4. The simulations are of convection near the Sierras de Córdoba mountain range, roughly centered on the ARM Mobile Facility. More information can be found at https://www.arm.gov/capabilities/modeling/lasso. This version of the output is a collection of variables subsetted from the raw WRF output to reduce the file overhead for users not needing the full raw dataset. The subset files are in netCDF format with the height-based variables on the raw, model eta levels.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗