Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Working Group on Extraterrestrial Resources
Lunar water detection and removal, soil adhesion and friction, and other lunar and planetary resources recovery - conferences
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Control of contaminants on sensors. Report 1: Interdirectorate working group on earth observation sensors
Examples of contamination of sensors from various sources during space missions are presented. Design precautions to provide access to optical surfaces and venting of outgassing products are recommended as methods for coping with contamination. The effects of the sensor materials on sensor contamination are analyzed. Actions to be taken during transportation, storage, and testing of sensors to avoid contamination are discussed.
Hovis, W.↗
Volatiles working group
The physical behavior of water and carbon dioxide on Mars was studied. Topics discussed include: physics of polar frosts, CO2 budget, atmospheric minor constituents, chemical and physical properties of surface materials, layered deposits, and the role of volatiles in the Martian landscape formation.
Cutts, J. A.↗
Atmospheric Phenomena Working Group
Atmospheric processes on Mars are reported based on atmospheric observations from Mariner 9. Topics discussed include: atmospheric temperature and wind, cloud processes, minor constituents, global dust storm, and surface pressure distribution.
Leovy, C. B.↗
Cometary Science Working Group, Meeting, Williams Bay, Wis., June 9-11, 1971, Proceedings.
The scope of cometary research is delineated in papers covering the present state of knowledge, detailed objectives of further cometary investigations, the need for ground-based observations, and the types of space missions which would be most suited in the period from 1975 to the mid-1980's. Major contributions of space missions are (1) to identify parent molecules released by the nucleus before they dissociate in the coma, (2) to measure the composition of tail constituents and the electromagnetic environment in the tail, and (3) to define the nature of the cometary nucleus. Experimental payloads and mission parameters are identified for fast flyby, slow flyby, and rendezvous missions to particular comets.
Roberts, D. L.↗
The space shuttle payload planning working groups. Volume 1: Astronomy
The space astronomy missions to be accomplished by the space shuttle are discussed. The principal instrument is the Large Space Telescope optimized for the ultraviolet and visible regions of the spectrum, but usable also in the infrared. Two infrared telescopes are also proposed and their characteristics are described. Other instruments considered for the astronomical observations are: (1) a very wide angle ultraviolet camera, (2) a grazing incidence telescope, (3) Explorer-class free flyers to measure the cosmic microwave background, and (4) rocket-class instruments which can fly frequently on a variety of missions. The stability requirements of the space shuttle for accomplishing the astronomy mission are defined.
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The space shuttle payload planning working groups: Volume 9: Materials processing and space manufacturing
The findings and recommendations of the Materials Processing and Space Manufacturing group of the space shuttle payload planning activity are presented. The effects of weightlessness on the levitation processes, mixture stability, and control over heat and mass transport in fluids are considered for investigation. The research and development projects include: (1) metallurgical processes, (2) electronic materials, (3) biological applications, and (4)nonmetallic materials and processes. Additional recommendations are provided concerning the allocation of payload space, acceptance of experiments for flight, flight qualification, and private use of the space shuttle.
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The space shuttle payload planning working groups. Volume 10: Space technology
The findings and recommendations of the Space Technology group of the space shuttle payload planning activity are presented. The elements of the space technology program are: (1) long duration exposure facility, (2) advanced technology laboratory, (3) physics and chemistry laboratory, (4) contamination experiments, and (5) laser information/data transmission technology. The space technology mission model is presented in tabular form. The proposed experiments to be conducted by each test facility are described. Recommended approaches for user community interfacing are included.
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Workshop proceedings: Photovoltaic conversion of solar energy for terrestrial applications. Volume 1: Working group and panel reports
Technological aspects of solar energy conversion by photovoltaic cells are considered. The advantage of the single crystal silicon solar cell approach is developed through comparisons with polycrystalline silicon, cadmium sulfide/copper sulfide thin film cells, and other materials and devices.
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Satellites for distress alerting and locating: Report by Interagency Committee for Search and Rescue Ad Hoc Working Group
The background behind the congressional legislation that led to the requirement for the Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) and the Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) to be installed on certain types of aircraft and inspected marine vessels respectively is discussed. The DAL problem is discussed for existing ELT and EPIRB equipped aircraft and ships. It is recognized that the DAL requirement for CONUS and Alaska and the maritime regions are not identical. In order to address the serious DAL problem which currently exists in CONUS and Alaska, a low orbiting satellite system evolves as the most viable and cost effective alternative that satisfies the overall SAR system design requirements. A satellite system designed to meet the needs of the maritime regions could be either low orbiting or geostationary. The conclusions drawn from this report support the recommendation to proceed with the implementation of a SAR orbiting satellite system.
Ehrlich, E.↗
Scientific rationale and strategies for a first comet mission: Report of the Comet Halley science working group
The science objectives of a first comet mission are reviewed and related to what is known or can be expected to be learned in the near future from ground-based and near earth observations. A set of instruments and their science objectives are defined for a mission to Comet Halley during its 1985/86 apparition. The benefits from a fast flyby, a slow flyby, or a rendezvous mission and the relative impact of each on the instrument payload were assessed. The relative scientific value of encounters with the comet at distances from the sun ranging from 1 AU to 2.5 AU, including possible tradeoffs between flyby velocity and distance was considered. Pre- and post-perihelion encounters were likewise evaluated.
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Scientific rationale and strategies for a first comet mission. Report of the Comet Halley science working group. An executive summary
The justification, scientific objectives, instrumentation, and strategy for a first comet mission are discussed. Topics include: mission target; rendezous, propulsion system requirements, measurement objectives, instrument capabilities for rendezvous and the tail probe payload, and backup missions if rendezvous with Halley's comet is not possible to achieve. Support research to be done by NASA is recommended.
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Report of the Terrestrial Bodies Science Working Group. Volume 1: Executive summary
Current knowledge of Mercury, Venus, Mars, the Moon, asteroids, comets, and the Galilean satellites were reviewed along with related NASA programs and available mission concepts. Exploration plans for the 1980 to 1990 period are outlined and recommendations made. Topics discussed include: scientific objectives and goals, exploration strategy and recommended mission plans, supporting research and technology, Earth-based and Earth-orbital investigations, data analysis and synthesis, analysis of extraterrestrial materials, broadening the science support base, and international cooperation.
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Report of the Terrestrial Bodies Science Working Group. Volume 2: Mercury
The objectives and rationale for scientific investigation of Mercury are explored. Knowledge already obtained by astronomical observations and Mariner 10 spacecraft is reviewed and measurements required for the principal scientific goals are described. The use of low thrust propulsion systems is recommended so that maximum scientific return may be achieved and the reconnaissance phase of Mercury exploration may be completed in a single mission. Accelerated development is recommended on solar electric propulsion, solar sails, passive and active cooling mechanisms, and single rough landers.
Albee, A. L.↗
Report of the Terrestrial Bodies Science Working Group. Volume 3: Venus
The science objectives of Pioneer Venus and future investigations of the planet are discussed. Concepts and payloads for proposed missions and the supporting research and technology required to obtain the desired measurements from space and Earth-based observations are examined, as well as mission priorities and schedules.
Kaula, W. M.↗
Report of the Terrestrial Bodies Science Working Group. Volume 4: The moon
A rationale for furture exploration of the moon is given. Topics discussed include the objectives of the lunar polar orbiter mission, the mission profile, and general characteristics of the spacraft to be used.
Haskin, L. A.↗
Report of the Terrestrial Bodies Science Working Group. Volume 5: Mars
Present knowledge of the global properties and surface characteraretics of Mars and the composition and dynamics of its atmosphere are reviewed. The objectives of proposed missions, the exploration strategy, and supporting research and technology required are delineated.
Masursky, H.↗
Report of the Terrestrial Bodies Science Working Group. Volume 6: The asteroids
Earth-based astronomical observations and laboratory analysis of meteorites provide the only scientific data available on asteroids. These data are summarized and subjects for future investigations are explored. The measurements required for potential missions are discussed and concepts for a multi-asteroid rendezvous mission in the mid-1980's are outlined.
Chapman, C. R.↗