Aerospace Medicine and Biology - A continuing bibliography with indexes
Annotated bibliography and indexes on aerospace medicine and biological effects
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Results for “BIOLOGICAL EFFECT”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Oxygen enhancement ratio and RBE of helium ions on mouse lymphoma cells
Oxygen enhancement ratio and relative biological effectiveness of accelerated helium nuclei on mouse tumor cells, discussing applicability in radiation therapy
Feola, J. M.↗
Preliminary report on thermophilic blue-green algae and microorganisms in Iceland and Surtsey
Biological effects of thermal environments on dispersal of blue green algae and microorganisms in Iceland and Surtsey
Castenholz, R. W.↗
Biological aspects of acid thermal waters in Iceland
Investigating biological effects of acid thermal waters on growth of organisms in Iceland
Doemel, W. N.↗
Space station RF hazards
Harmful biological effects caused by exposure to microwave radiation including radio frequency power density in vicinity of space station antennas
Inman, R. A.↗
Biological responses of Habrobracon to spaceflight
Space flight biological effects on parasitic wasp Habrobracon, investigating genetic, mutational, biochemical, behavioral and physiological parameters
Grosch, D. S.↗
Dynamics of the solar wind and its interaction with bodies in the solar system
A discussion of the solar wind and its interaction with bodies of the solar system is presented. An overall unified account of the role of shock waves in the heating of the solar corona, the transmission of solar disturbances to the solar system, the flow fields of planets and natural satellites, and biological effects are provided. An analysis of magnetometer data from Explorer 33 and Vela 3A satellites to identify characteristics of solar wind shock waves is included.
Spreiter, J. R.↗
Use of shuttle for life sciences
The use of the space shuttle in carrying out biological and medical research programs, with emphasis on the sortie module, is examined. Detailed descriptions are given of the goals of space life science disciplines, how the sortie can meet these goals, and what shuttle design features are necessary for a viable biological and medical experiment program. Conclusions show that the space shuttle sortie module is capable of accommodating all biological experiments contemplated at this time except for those involving large specimens or large populations of small animals; however, these experiments can be done with a specially designed module. It was also found that at least two weeks is required to do a meaningful survey of biological effects.
Mcgaughy, R. E.↗
Design certification review assessment report. Electron/proton spectrometer
The characteristics of the electron-photon spectrometer developed for the Skylab program are presented. The spectrometer is externally mounted on the Skylab module complex and provides omnidirectional measurement of electrons and protons which result from solar flares or enhancement of the radiation belts. The data are applied to the determination of relative biological effectiveness factors as a safety factor for manned space flight.
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Electron-proton spectrometer: Summary for critical design review
The electron-proton spectrometer (EPS) is mounted external to the Skylab module complex on the command service module. It is designed to make a 2 pi omni-directional measurement of electrons and protons which result from solar flares or enhancement of the radiation belts. The EPS data will provide accurate radiation dose information so that uncertain Relative biological effectiveness factors are eliminated by measuring the external particle spectra. Astronaut radiation safety, therefore, can be ensured, as the EPS data can be used to correct or qualify radiation dose measurements recorded by other radiation measuring instrumentation within the Skylab module complex. The EPS has the capability of measuring and extremely wide dynamic radiation dose rate range, approaching 10 to the 7th power. Simultaneously the EPS has the capability to process data from extremely high radiation fields such as might be encountered in the wake of an intense solar flare.
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Angular velocities, angular accelerations, and coriolis accelerations
Weightlessness, rotating environment, and mathematical analysis of Coriolis acceleration is described for man's biological effective force environments. Effects on the vestibular system are summarized, including the end organs, functional neurology, and input-output relations. Ground-based studies in preparation for space missions are examined, including functional tests, provocative tests, adaptive capacity tests, simulation studies, and antimotion sickness.
Ashton Graybiel↗
Radio-frequency and microwave energies, magnetic and electric fields
The biological effects of radio frequency, including microwave, radiation are considered. Effects on body temperature, the eye, reproductive systems, internal organs, blood cells, the cardiovascular system, and the central nervous system are included. Generalized effects of electric and magnetic fields are also discussed. Experimentation with animals and clinical studies on humans are cited, and possible mechanisms of the effects observed are suggested.
Michaelson, S. M.↗
Radiation safety in high-altitude air traffic
Results of an experimental and theoretical study on dose equivalent rates at high altitudes are presented. The flight personnel flying 500 hours per year at SST cruise altitude in high latitudes (maximum of radiation) would be exposed to less than 14% of the maximum permissible dose rate (MPD) for radiation workers (5 rem/yr), averaged over the solar cycle. One-half or more is due to energetic secondary neutrons that are penetrant and highly biologically effective. Passengers would, in general, be exposed only to the low-level galactic cosmic rays, except for a relative few who encounter rare, intense, and energetic solar-particle events. If the airplane descends to subsonic altitudes during events such as that of Feb. 23, 1956 - the most intense and unique giant energy event of the last 35 years - passenger exposure even then remains at or below permissible levels (0.5 rem for the general population). Systems of radiation monitoring are briefly discussed which will prevent false alarms and which would be useful in disproving overexposure in potential malpractice suits against the airlines. In subsonic jet transports the exposure of the crews is lower by a factor 3 to 4; for passengers it is about the same for the same distance traveled. Solar events, except for giant energy events, will yield only a minor fraction of the MPD of the general population.
Foelsche, T.↗
Noise impact on wildlife: An environmental impact assessment
Various biological effects of noise on animals are discussed and a systematic approach for an impact assessment is developed. Further research is suggested to fully quantify noise impact on the species and its ecosystem.
Bender, A.↗
Ozone Contamination in Aircraft Cabins. Appendix A: Ozone toxicity
The recommendation that at various altitudes the amount of air with which ozone has mixed changes, thus changing the volume per volume relationship is discussed. The biological effects of ozone on human health and the amount of ozone necessary to produce symptoms were investigated.
Melton, C. E.↗
Some perspectives on research into the biological response to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation
Research on the biological effects of RF radiation in the United States has undergone a series of swings during the last three decades. The resurgence of research during the past decade is examined in the light of two projects: the proposed Space Power Station and SETI.
Sharp, J. C.↗
Spaceflight and bone turnover - Correlation with a new rat model of weightlessness
Earlier manned spaceflight studies have revealed that the near-weightless environment of orbital flight produce certain biological effects in humans, including abnormalities in mineral metabolism. The data collected were compatible with bone mineral loss. Cosmos 782 and 936 experiments have shown a decrease in rat bone formation rate. In this paper, a rat model of weightlessness is described, which is unique in that the animal is free to move about a 360-deg arc. The model meets the requirements for an acceptable system. Data from the model and spaceflight are presented. Many of the responses noted in suspended animals indicate that the model closely mimics results from rats and man exposed to near-weightlessness during orbital spaceflight.
Morey, E. R.↗
Response of selected plant and insect species to simulated SRM exhaust mixtures and to exhaust components from SRM fuels
The possible biologic effects of exhaust products from solid rocket motor (SRM) burns associated with the space shuttle are examined. The major components of the exhaust that might have an adverse effect on vegetation, HCl and Al2O3 are studied. Dose response curves for native and cultivated plants and selected insects exposed to simulated exhaust and component chemicals from SRM exhaust are presented. A system for dispensing and monitoring component chemicals of SRM exhaust (HCl and Al2O3) and a system for exposing test plants to simulated SRM exhaust (controlled fuel burns) are described. The effects of HCl, Al2O3, and mixtures of the two on the honeybee, the corn earworm, and the common lacewing and the effects of simulated exhaust on the honeybee are discussed.
Heck, W. W.↗