Continuous discharge line source for the extreme ultraviolet
High intensity continuous gas discharge line source for extreme UV with low electromagnetic interference
Bowyer, C. S.↗
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A compact spectroradiometer for solar simulator measurements
Compact spectral irradiance probe has been designed and built which uses wedge filter in conjunction with silicon cell and operational amplifier. Probe is used to monitor spectral energy distribution of solar simulators and other high intensity sources.
Seward, H. H.↗
Performance of an electrically raised, synchronous satellite when subjected to radiation degradation effects
The use of solar electric propulsion to raise a high-power communication satellite from a low altitude, inclined circular orbit of the geosynchronous orbit is evaluated. Since the satellite ascends through the high intensity radiation belts, the power available from the solar array and therefore to the ion thrusters degrades. The performance of the solar electric stage in combination with the thrust augmented Thor/Delta launch vehicle is evaluated for two thrust steering programs. The transfer times and solar array requirements are presented for total geosynchronous payloads from 450 to 1100 kg.
Cake, J. E.↗
Aerodynamic and Acoustic Performance of Two Choked-Flow Inlets Under Static Conditions
Tests were conducted to determine the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of two choking flow inlets under static conditions. One inlet choked the flow in the cowl throat by an axial translation of the inlet centerbody. The other inlet employed a translating grid of airfoils to choke the flow. Both inlets were sized to fit a 13.97 cm diameter fan with a design weight flow of 2.49 kg/sec. The inlets were operated in both the choked and unchoked modes over a range of weight flows. Measurements were made of inlet pressure recovery, flow distortion, surface static pressure distribution, and fan noise suppression. Choking of the translating centerbody inlet reduced blade passing frequency noise by 29 db while yielding a total pressure recovery of 0.985. Noise reductions were also measured at 1/3-octave band center frequencies of 2500, 5000, and 20,000 cycles. The translating grid inlet gave a total pressure recovery of 0.968 when operating close to the choking weight flow. However, an intermittent high intensity noise source was encountered with this inlet that precluded an accurate measurement of inlet noise suppression.
Miller, B. A.↗
Laser with a transmitting window.
The effect of transmission of radiation through one mirror of a laser is investigated. For a laser oscillator the result is to change the effective resonance frequency and Q of the cavity. Using the same model for the cavity, a signal is injected into the active medium through the transmitting window, and its effect on the system studied. When the external signal is strong enough and sufficiently close to the natural frequency of the laser oscillator, the laser locks its frequency to the input signal. The equations describing the system are solved over the range of input frequencies where the laser is locked, and the resulting gain found. In the high-intensity limit the medium saturates, and the gain tends to that of a lossy cavity. As the input intensity vanishes, the gain approaches infinity and the system tends to a laser oscillator.
Spencer, M. B.↗
Quantum-mechanical transport equation for atomic systems.
A quantum-mechanical transport equation (QMTE) is derived which should be applicable to a wide range of problems involving the interaction of radiation with atoms or molecules which are also subject to collisions with perturber atoms. The equation follows the time evolution of the macroscopic atomic density matrix elements of atoms located at classical position R and moving with classical velocity v. It is quantum mechanical in the sense that all collision kernels or rates which appear have been obtained from a quantum-mechanical theory and, as such, properly take into account the energy-level variations and velocity changes of the active (emitting or absorbing) atom produced in collisions with perturber atoms. The present formulation is better suited to problems involving high-intensity external fields, such as those encountered in laser physics.
Berman, P. R.↗
Populating excited states of incoherent atoms using coherent light.
Study of the influence of various experimental parameters on the interaction between a multimode high-intensity laser light and the absorbing atoms of an atomic gas. Using a simplified treatment of line broadening which does not include correlations between momentum-changing collisions and pressure-broadening collisions, expressions are obtained that show the effect of pressure, laser-pulse length, and intensity on the excitation. It is found that, as long as the dephasing time of the atomic system is sufficiently short, the interaction reduces to a two-body collision between the atoms and photons, where coherence effects do not occur.
Mcilrath, T. J.↗
Land use mapping and modelling for the Phoenix quadrangle
The author has identified the following significant results. Experimentation with 70mm squares cut from ERTS-1 9.5 inch MSS positive transparencies in an I2S color additive viewer, a Richardson film production viewer at 10X magnification, and in a microfiche viewer at 12X and 18X magnification has indicated that band 5 photography provides the most useful interpretable data. In the I2S viewer high intensities of blue and red light in bands 4 and 6 respectively enhance faint vegetation patterns not easily detectable. Slides produced from 35mm color transparencies made by photographing the I2S viewing screen are suitable visual aids for use during presentation. Interpretation of MSS transparencies allowed compilation of a map of land use change in the Phoenix quadrangle.
Place, J. L.↗
Ground truth data requirements for altimeter performance verification
The amount and type of ground truth required for an altimeter experiment is a function of the uncertainty in the satellite orbit, the altimeter error budget and the type of operation being performed. Ground truth requirements will be discussed with reference to three areas of operation: the global mode, the high intensity mode and calibration.
Walsh, E. J.↗
Self-cycling fluid heater
A self-cycling fluid heater is described which includes a high temperature upstream preheater for elevating the stream temperature. A high intensity jet arc heater heats the preheated fluid stream to ultrahigh reaction temperatures and discharges the stream into an electric resistance tubular heat exchanger. The heat exchanger has variations in wall thickness at measured intervals along its length to control the temperature of the fluid passing through the heat exchanger for desired time intervals to provide the specified chemical reactions desired.
Moen, W. K.↗
Damping of high frequency waves in the solar wind
Cyclotron damping by suprathermal fluxes of protons and electrons in the interplanetary medium will greatly attenuate high frequency Alfven waves and whistler waves within distances 1 AU of the sun. Electrons with energies between 50 eV to 2 KeV are heated as a result of damping interplanetary whistler waves with frequencies 2 omega meson/2 pion 30 Hz in the frame of the solar wind. This heating may account, in part, for the observed suprathermal tail of solar wind electrons. Protons with energies approximately 50 KeV damp Alfven waves with frequencies .001 omega meson/2 pion .01 Hz. This damping mechanism may explain several features of a scatter free solar electron events and high intensity, anisotropic solar proton streams.
Goldstein, M. L.↗
Hard X-ray observations of Hercules X-1 by OSO-7.
The X-ray source Her X-1, identified as a pulsating, eclipsing X-ray source, was observed by the UCSD X-ray telescope on the OSO-7 satellite. A three-point spectrum for Her X-1 was determined on the basis of data obtained when the source was in its high-intensity state. Errors in the UCSD result due to uncertainties in the gain and in converting counts per second to photon flux are about 20%.
Ulmer, M. P.↗
Theory of a generalized Helmholtz resonator.
Based on the jet-flow model which is manifested in the nonlinearity of the orifice flow upon the passage of a high intensity wave, the theory of a generalized Helmholtz resonator has been developed. The results for some special devices, such as the conventional Helmholtz resonator and the quarter-wave tube, can be obtained through this general approach. The performance of the acoustic damper is characterized by a quantity known as the real part of the admittance coefficient. It is known that the conventional Helmholtz resonator has the lowest peak performance but the response is quite flat over a certain frequency range. On the other hand, a quarter-wave tube offers the largest peak in energy absorption with rather poor off-resonance behavior. Once the orifice length goes beyond the quarter-wave tube configuration, the performance of the so-called long damping device is even less attractive away from resonance.
Tang, P. K.↗
Experimental verification of the energy dissipation mechanism in acoustic dampers.
An experimental program is described which verifies the theoretical model that acoustic damping devices undergoing high intensity oscillations dissipate energy via jet kinetic losses. Pressure measurements within the damping devices and flow duct together with detailed surveys of the jet velocities provide the experimental confirmation. The theory accounts for duct flow effects, both steady and unsteady, as well as the jet dissipation. Discrepancies between theory and experiment can be traced to neglect of higher order terms or ignoring the difficult wall friction term in the case of the quarter-wave tube.
Tang, P. K.↗
Theory of satellite structures on spectral-line profiles.
A systematic comparison with experiment of various explanations for the problem of satellite-band formation on spectral-line profiles was initiated. The experiments were performed under a variety of conditions in an effort to construct a consistent model of entire line shapes. A composite theory is detailed which is the result of the insights of many individuals. The calculations indicate that the main features of the problem, the line, the high-intensity red satellites, and the blue satellite can be described simultaneously. The results also indicate that widely different potentials can lead to very similar line profiles. Ancillary conclusions are presented concerning the role of Lennard-Jones potentials in line-shape calculations.
Atakan, A. K.↗
The multiple junction edge illuminated solar cell
The multiple junction edge illuminated solar cell was devised for high voltage low current applications. Devices to be flight tested in early 1974 with 96 series connected PNN+ junctions in a 2 cm X 2.3 cm size deliver 36 volts at 1 milliampere. Test data of M-J cells fabricated with resistivities of 10, 50, 100, 200, 450, and 1000 ohm cm silicon are presented and problem areas are discussed. An additional potential application of the M-J cell lies in ultilization of its high intensity performance that has been demonstrated at levels in excess of 100 AMO suns.
Sater, B. I.↗
Flame detector operable in presence of proton radiation
A detector of ultraviolet radiation for operation in a space vehicle which orbits through high intensity radiation areas is described. Two identical ultraviolet sensor tubes are mounted within a shield which limits to acceptable levels the amount of proton radiation reaching the sensor tubes. The shield has an opening which permits ultraviolet radiation to reach one of the sensing tubes. The shield keeps ultraviolet radiation from reaching the other sensor tube, designated the reference tube. The circuitry of the detector subtracts the output of the reference tube from the output of the sensing tube, and any portion of the output of the sensing tube which is due to proton radiation is offset by the output of the reference tube. A delay circuit in the detector prevents false alarms by keeping statistical variations in the proton radiation sensed by the two sensor tubes from developing an output signal.
Walker, D. J.↗
Four possible types of pulses for self-induced transparency
Four types of steady-state solutions were derived for the coupled Maxwell-Bloch equations which describe highly intense pulse propagation in a resonant medium. Essential in the derivation procedures is the replacement of the usual slowly varying envelope approximation with an alternative procedure, the omission of possible nonresonant losses, and the assumption that the relaxation times are infinite.
Lee, C. T.↗