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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 343 records · Page 19
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Using a systems biology approach to describe the role of dissimilatory phosphite oxidation in the global phosphorus cycle

We investigated the role of redox reactions in the global phosphorous (P) cycle. We identified novel microbial processes responsible for oxidation of reduced phosphorous in the form of phosphite producing bioavailable phosphate. We identified central tenets that define microbial dissimilatory phosphite oxidation (DPO) and the breadth of the taxonomy of DPO microorganisms (DPOM). We demonstrated that this metabolism is vertically evolved from 3.8 GYA contemporaneously with anoxygenic phototrophy. We further demonstrate its occurrence on extant Earth as a primary mechanism driving a phosphorous redox cycle. Finally, we showed that this metabolism is environmentally maintained by the newly described autotrophic Phosphitivorax genus which rely on the reductive glycine pathway for carbon fixation. Our results demonstrate that these species are involved in a complex nutrient-dependent symbiotic relationship with their community in which they provide the fixed carbon to support the heterotrophic community and in return receive prerequisite corrinoids to maintain their activities.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Membrane Development for CO2 Capture from Steel Manufacturing

The U.S. government is targeting a net-zero carbon-emission economy by 2050, offering an exciting opportunity for membrane-based CO2 capture from various industrial point sources. Given that industrial flue gas has low CO2 partial pressures and high volumetric flow rates, high-permeance membranes are needed to make membrane technology economically viable for large-scale deployment. Thin film composite (TFC) membranes are necessary for this implementation because they can provide high permeance by forming a thin selective layer on top of a porous support. This presentation will report the rational design and fabrication of NETL’s highly permeable non-aging TFCs achieved by: synthesizing a high-performance rubbery selective material; developing a high-porosity membrane support; optimizing coating methods to assemble the two materials into scalable membranes; and scaling up membrane supports and TFCs via a roll-to-roll process. The novel rubbery selective material shows mixed-gas CO2 permeability of 930 Barrer and CO2/N2 selectivity of 44, exceeding the 2008 Robeson upper bound. The resulting TFCs yield remarkably high CO2 permeance of 4,500 GPU and CO2/N2 selectivity of 34 at 23ºC. Moreover, the TFCs exhibit not only excellent performance stability (or non-aging behavior) for 1,000 hours in the lab, but also maintain their separation properties in a 700-hour field test at the U.S. DOE’s National Carbon Capture Center using real humid flue gas.

Tran, Thien↗
DOE OSTI2024

Electrochemical Production of Highly Valuable Carbon Nanotubes from Flue-Gas Sourced CO 2

The overarching goal of the project was to demonstrate a technology at pilot-scale that enables a net reduction in CO 2 and the production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with material properties comparable to commercially available CNTs at a selling price of ~80-90% less than what is available in the current market. The objectives were: (1) demonstrate the ability to utilize synthetic and real flue gas provided by a utility to produce CNTs through the SkyNano’s novel electrochemical process; (2) produce CNTs at the pilot-scale (0.2 kg/hr) using industrial flue gas that exhibit properties consistent with those available on the market today in industrial quantities, including median diameters of <30 nm, purity of at least 95% CNTs in final product, and high crystallinity (I D /I G < 1, measured via Raman spectroscopy); and (3) demonstrate the process to be sustainable and economically viable through the completion of a techno-economic analysis (TEA) and a life-cycle analysis (LCA).

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Techno Economic Analysis for Production of Renewable Natural Gas and Value-Added Chemicals from Forest Biomass Residues (CRADA Final Report)

West Biofuels - in collaboration with the University of California San Diego, the University of California Davis, the National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR), the Colorado School of Mines’ Center for Hydrate Research, Placer County Air Pollution Control District, the Sierra Business Council, and the Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas)-will demonstrate an innovative pathway to convert forest biomass to renewable gas (RG). The project, Production of Pipeline Grade Renewable Natural Gas and Value-Added Chemicals from Forest Biomass Residues, will utilize an existing pilot-scale gasification system and data and lessons learned from a lab-scale catalytic reactor design, develop, and demonstrate an integrated pilot-scale RG process with a scaled-up catalytic reactor and hydrate-based gas separation process. This robust and simple process uses a commercial proven gasifier, a commercially available catalyst that can tolerate gas contaminants, and a gas separation process that simplifies the downstream processing. Current testing has shown that the process can yield a large amount of methane rich renewable gas in addition to a mixture of propanol, ethanol and other higher alcohols and the relative amounts can be controlled by shifting the process conditions. This process is novel and groundbreaking because the product mixture of RG and valuable alcohols byproducts makes RG production economically feasible at $\$$12 per million British thermal units (MMBtu) or less using forest biomass from high hazard zones.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Toward the Advanced Manufacturing of Land-Based Wind Turbine Blades

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory and General Electric (GE) are partners within the Additive and Modular-Enabled Rotor Blades and Integrated Composites Assembly (AMERICA) project. AMERICA aims to develop advanced manufacturing solutions to reduce labor and cycle time while increasing recyclability of wind turbine blades. The project is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Manufacturing Office. This paper describes the techno-economic and life cycle analysis of the novel manufacturing process applied to the 15-meter long tip of the blade of a representative 3.4 MW land-based wind turbine. We establish a comparison to a standard manufacturing process, highlighting challenges and opportunities. Several uncertainties affect the analysis, but we highlight an opportunity space. With the current set of assumptions, the tip adopting advanced manufacturing is predicted to lower labor by 21%, cycle time by 39%, and total blade tip costs by 15% while simultaneously increasing production quality and adopting recyclable thermoplastic resin. A life cycle analysis returns comparable metrics for climate change impact and embodied energy between the two processes.

3D printing↗
DOE OSTI2024

LandScan Global 2023: Silver Edition

For a quarter of a century, the LandScan Global (LSG) project has annually released a global, high-resolution gridded population dataset representing the ambient or unwarned population at a 30 arcsecond resolution. LSG supports a range of applications such as emergency management, disaster response, and human health and security for understanding populations at risk. The 2023 release of LSG, the LandScan Silver Edition, represents a major methodological leap forward while also leveraging previous knowledge—the previous year was the baseline for the current annual update carrying forward valuable knowledge of the built environment for the past quarter century—to train the machine learning models. Compared with annual releases over the past 24years, multiple advancements were made to different aspects of the methodology to achieve reproducibility, transparency, and consistent global propagation of solutions to modeling or population distribution issues identified during the review process. These novel changes include incorporation of the latest available geospatial inputs across the globe, machine learning models instead of manual modifications, population feature importance analysis, open-source solutions vs. proprietary software, generation of multiple global versions, analytic validations, and human-in-the-loop revisions to produce the final version. Additionally, algorithms—such as anomaly detection—were introduced to quickly identify areas of focus to develop a new and robust systematic review. Significant changes in modeled population distributions were observed between the 2022 and 2023 releases, largely attributable to improvements in data and methods and discussed thoroughly within this report. In summation, the LandScan Silver Edition leverages the best of the past quarter century of LSG legacy knowledge and continues a tradition of applying cutting-edge enhancements to serve as a new benchmark for accurate, actionable gridded population data

Lebakula, Viswadeep↗
NASA NTRS1977

Automated array assembly task, phase 1

An assessment of state-of-the-art technologies that are applicable to silicon solar cell and solar cell module fabrication is provided. The assessment consists of a technical feasibility evaluation and a cost projection for high-volume production of silicon solar cell modules. The cost projection was approached from two directions; a design-to-cost analysis assigned cost goals to each major process element in the fabrication scheme, and a cost analysis built up projected costs for alternate technologies for each process element. A technical evaluation was used in combination with the cost analysis to identify a baseline low cost process. A novel approach to metal pattern design based on minimum power loss was developed. These design equations were used as a tool in the evaluation of metallization technologies.

Carbajal, B. G.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Effect of Undercooling and Modified Microstructure on the Physical Properties of Material Synthesized in the Drop Tube and Drop Tower

The effects of undercooling and modified microstructure on the physical properties of synthesized materials were investigated. The objectives of this program are: (1) to determine the possible existence of metastable phases and novel physical processes on material prepared in a microgravity environment; and (2) to investigate the feasibility of fabricating advanced electronic devices using material with microstructures obtainable in a microgravity environment. The specific alloys and compounds under study are Au-Ge and immiscible alloys Nb-Ge compounds, and Ga-Bi immiscible alloys, and Ba-Pb-Bi-O. The superconducting and normal state transport properties of the materials under different pressures and in different magnetic fields were determined. The simultaneous study on the physical properties and the microstructure of material will provide information about the potential applications of materials processed in a microgravity environment.

Chu, C. W.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Recent developments in materials and detectors for the infrared; Proceedings of the Meeting, Cannes, France, November 25, 26, 1985

The present conference on advancements in IR-sensitive materials and detector technologies employing them gives attention to thermal detectors, focal plane array processing detectors, novel detector designs, general properties of IR optics materials, and preparation methods for such materials. Specific topics encompass the fabrication of InSb MIS structures prepared by photochemical vapor deposition, IR heterodyne detectors employing cadmium mercury telluride, low microphony pyroelectric arrays, IR detection based on minority carrier extrusion, longwave reststrahl in IR crystals, and molecular beam techniques for optical thin film fabrication.

Morten, F. D.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Radio propagation experiments in the outer solar system with Voyager

The outer solar system's planetary atmospheres, ionospheres, rings, and magnetic fields are under study in light of microwave telecommunications from the two Voyager spacecraft. The use of the hydrogen maser frequency standards on the ground, in conjunction with thermally controlled quartz oscillators aboard the spacecraft, ensures long coherence intervals and allows the application of novel signal processing methods. On this basis, studies of atmospheric structure and scintillation parameters, planetary ring structure, and magnetic control of small ionospheric irregularities have been undertaken; information concerning planetary evolution, composition, and dynamics is thereby obtained.

Tyler, G. Leonard↗
NASA NTRS1988

Fiber-optic displacement sensor with temporally separated signal and reference channels

A fiber-optic displacement sensor with temporally separated signal and reference channels is proposed. The sensing technique used is based on determining the relative amplitude of the signal and reference pulses that together form a double pulse. The relative amplitude of the pulses in the double pulse is a function of the displacement. A setup to generate the double pulse with individual pulses of 5-ns duration and 10-ns delay is described. A novel signal processing technique, used to determine the relative amplitude of such pulses in the double pulse by analyzing different portions of the signal spectrum, is explained. Experimental data are also provided.

Adamovsky, Grigory↗
NASA NTRS1989

Development of large CCD arrays with enhanced UV performance

A development status evaluation is presented for proprietary UV-range CCDs for military and scientific applications requiring pixel sizes in the 18-micron range. The most recent developments in UV/X-ray responsive detectors have their bases in the backside illumination of multipinned phase (MPP) 1024 x 1024 CCD arrays, as well as in the initial exploration of open-pinned phase (OPP) techniques. The frontside performance of both MPP and OPP devices is noted to be excellent as well, and pinouts and mounting techniques have been defined which allow easy front-back operation comparisons. Novel backside processing techniques are being refined.

Varian, Richard H.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Catalysis and biocatalysis program

The annual report presents the fiscal year (FY) 1990 research activities and accomplishments for the Catalysis and Biocatalysis Program of the Advanced Industrial Concepts Division (AICD), Office of Industrial Technologies of the Department of Energy (DOE). The mission of the AICD is to create a balanced program of high risk, long term, directed interdisciplinary research and development that will improve energy efficiency and enhance fuel flexibility in the industrial sector. The Catalysis and Biocatalysis Program's technical activities were organized into five work elements: the Molecular Modeling and Catalysis by Design element; the Applied Microbiology and Genetics element; the Bioprocess Engineering element; the Separations and Novel Chemical Processes element; and the Process Design and Analysis element.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1991

Advanced Materials Center, Battelle

The goal of the Mixed Oxide Program is to determine the results obtained by using microgravity processing on a commercially significant catalyst - V-P-O System. The topics are presented in viewgraph form and include the following: (1) reasons for using microgravity; (2) the synthesis process; (3) novel results of the earth based program; and (4) Dupont interests.

Bellis, Harold↗
NASA NTRS1992

A new unsteady mixing model to predict NO(x) production during rapid mixing in a dual-stage combustor

An advanced gas turbine engine to power supersonic transport aircraft is currently under study. In addition to high combustion efficiency requirements, environmental concerns have placed stringent restrictions on the pollutant emissions from these engines. A combustor design with the potential for minimizing pollutants such as NO(x) emissions is undergoing experimental evaluation. A major technical issue in the design of this combustor is how to rapidly mix the hot, fuel-rich primary zone product with the secondary diluent air to obtain a fuel-lean mixture for combustion in the second stage. Numerical predictions using steady-state methods cannot account for the unsteady phenomena in the mixing region. Therefore, to evaluate the effect of unsteady mixing and combustion processes, a novel unsteady mixing model is demonstrated here. This model has been used to study multispecies mixing as well as propane-air and hydrogen-air jet nonpremixed flames, and has been used to predict NO(x) production in the mixing region. Comparison with available experimental data show good agreement, thereby providing validation of the mixing model. With this demonstration, this mixing model is ready to be implemented in conjunction with steady-state prediction methods and provide an improved engineering design analysis tool.

Menon, Suresh↗
NASA NTRS1992

A new unsteady mixing model to predict NO(x) production during rapid mixing in a dual-stage combustor

An advanced gas turbine engine to power supersonic transport aircraft is currently under study. In addition to high combustion efficiency requirements, environmental concerns have placed stringent restrictions on the pollutant emissions from these engines. A dual-stage combustor with the potential for minimizing pollutants such as NO(x) emissions is undergoing experimental evaluation. A major technical issue in the design of this combustor is how to rapidly mix the hot, fuel-rich primary stage product with the secondary diluent air to obtain a fuel-lean mixture for combustion in the secondary stage. Numerical design studies using steady-state methods cannot account for the unsteady phenomena in the mixing region. Therefore, to evaluate the effect of unsteady mixing and combustion processes, a novel unsteady mixing model is demonstrated here. This model has been used in a stand-alone mode to study mixing and combustion in hydrogen-air nonpremixed jet flames. NO(x) production in these jet flames was also predicted. Comparison of the computed results with experimental data show good agreement thereby providing validation of the mixing model.

Menon, Suresh↗