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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 343 records · Page 19
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Fluorescence imaging of individual ions and molecules in pressurized noble gases for barium tagging in 136Xe

Abstract The imaging of individual Ba 2+ ions in high pressure xenon gas is one possible way to attain background-free sensitivity to neutrinoless double beta decay and hence establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino. In this paper we demonstrate selective single Ba 2+ ion imaging inside a high-pressure xenon gas environment. Ba 2+ ions chelated with molecular chemosensors are resolved at the gas-solid interface using a diffraction-limited imaging system with scan area of 1 × 1 cm 2 located inside 10 bar of xenon gas. This form of microscopy represents key ingredient in the development of barium tagging for neutrinoless double beta decay searches in 136 Xe. This also provides a new tool for studying the photophysics of fluorescent molecules and chemosensors at the solid-gas interface to enable bottom-up design of catalysts and sensors.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2019

Carbene-based Difluoromethylation of Bisphenols: Application to the Instantaneous Tagging of Bisphenol A in Spiked Soil for Its Detection and Identification by Electron Ionization Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

The rapid and efficient difluoromethylation of a panel of eleven bisphenols (BPs) for their enhanced detection and identification by Electron-Ionization Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (EI-GC-MS) is presented. The derivatization employs the inexpensive, environmentally benign agent diethyl (bromodifluoromethyl) phosphonate (DBDFP) as a difluorocarbene-generating species that converts the BPs into bis-difluoromethylated ethers that can be detected and identified by GC-MS means. Key attributes of the protocol include its extreme rapidity (30 seconds) at ambient temperature, high specificity for BPs amidst other alcohol-containing analytes, and its biphasic nature that allows for its convenient adaptation to the analysis of BPs in organic as well as aqueous matrices. The protocol furnishes stable, novel BP ethers armed with a total of four fluorine atoms for their subsequent analysis by EI-GC-MS. Furthermore, each derivatized bisphenol exhibits unique retention times vastly different from their native counterparts leading to their unequivocal identification. The effectiveness and robustness of the developed methodology was applied to the tagging of the most famous member of this family of compounds, bisphenol-A (BPA), when spiked (at 1 μg.g –1 concentration) in the physically and compositionally complex Nebraska EPA standard soil. The method detection limit (MDL) for the bis-difluoromethylated BPA was determined to be 0.01 μg.mL –1 . The bis-difluoromethylated BPA was conveniently detected on the organic layers from the biphasic, derivatized mixtures, highlighting the protocol’s practicality and utility in the rapid, qualitative detection of this endocrine disruptor during environmental analysis.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Tagged spectator deep-inelastic scattering as a tool to study neutron structure

The poster summarizes results from the FY14/15 JLab LDRD project "Physics potential of polarized light ions with EIC@JLab" regarding possible measurements of neutron structure functions (unpolarized and polarized) in deep-inelastic scattering with spectator nucleon tagging at a future Electron-Ion Collider. Also included are some results by Cosyn et al. regarding the theoretical description of the JLab 6 GeV BONuS data. Presented by W. Cosyn at 11th European Research Conference "Electromagneitc Interactions with Nucleons and Nuclei," Paphos, Cyprus, 1-7 November, 2015

Cosyn, Wim↗
DOE OSTI2011

DPUNS--A Differential-Plunger For Lifetime Measurements Of Tagged Exotic/Unbound Nuclear States

This contribution focused on research to measure the lifetimes of unbound nuclear states using a differential-plunger technique combined with recoil-proton decay tagging. The results of the first lifetime measurements of unbound states in the spherical proton emitter, {sup 109}I, were discussed along with the limits to the technique. In order to proceed further, a new differential-plunger device, DPUNS, has been designed and is currently being built at the University of Manchester. DPUNS has been optimised to work with the GREAT/RITU/TDR setup at the University of Jyvaeskylae and the status of the new device is discussed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

A Recoil-Beta Tagging Study of N = Z nucleus {sup 66}As

A Recoil-Beta Tagging (RBT) experiment was recently performed at the accelerator laboratory at the University of Jyvaeskylae in order to identify T = 1 excited states in the medium-heavy N = Z = 33 nucleus {sup 66}As. The fusion-evaporation reaction {sup 28}Si({sup 40}Ca,pn){sup 66}As was employed at a beam energy of 75 MeV. The experiment was carried out utilising the JUROGAM II {gamma}-ray spectrometer in conjunction with the gas-filled recoil separator RITU and the GREAT focal plane spectrometer system. The half-lives and ordering of the two known isomeric states in {sup 66}As have been determined. In addition, several new prompt {gamma}-ray transitions from excited states both bypassing and decaying to the isomeric states in {sup 66}As have been observed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

A new differential plunger to measure lifetimes of unbound states in tagged exotic nuclei

A new differential plunger is being designed and built at the University of Manchester to measure lifetimes of unbound states in exotic nuclei approaching the proton drip-line. The device is designed to work in both vacuum and gas environments and will primarily be used in conjunction with the gas filled separator RITU at the University of Jyvaeskylae, Finland. This will enable the accurate measurement of excited state lifetimes identified via isomer and charged-particle tagging. The plunger will be used to address many key facets of nuclear structure physics with particular emphasis on the effect of deformation on proton emission rates.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

An integrated mobile system for non-destructive analysis with tagged neutrons

An integrated mobile system for port security is presented. The system is designed to perform active investigations by using the tagged neutron inspection technique of suspect dangerous materials as well as passive measurements of neutrons and gamma rays to search and identify radioactive and special nuclear materials. The system has been employed in detection tests of special nuclear material as well as in a seaport demonstration.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Vibrational spectra and structures of bare and Xe-tagged cationic Si{sub n}O{sub m}{sup +} clusters

Vibrational spectra of Xe-tagged cationic silicon oxide clusters Si{sub n}O{sub m}{sup +} with n = 3–5 and m = n, n ± 1 in the gas phase are obtained by resonant infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The Si{sub n}O{sub m}{sup +} clusters are produced in a laser vaporization ion source and Xe complexes are formed after thermalization to 100 K. The clusters are subsequently irradiated with tunable light from an IR free electron laser and changes in the mass distribution yield size-specific IR spectra. The measured IRMPD spectra are compared to calculated linear IR absorption spectra leading to structural assignments. For several clusters, Xe complexation alters the energetic order of the Si{sub n}O{sub m}{sup +} isomers. Common structural motifs include the Si{sub 2}O{sub 2} rhombus, the Si{sub 3}O{sub 2} pentagon, and the Si{sub 3}O{sub 3} hexagon.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Forward physics using proton tagging at the LHC

We describe different physics topics that can be performed at the LHC using tagged intact protons leading to a better understanding of the Pomeron structure in terms of quarks and gluons and to unprecedented sensitivities to quartic anomalous couplings between γ and W/Z bosons.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Characterization of the primary hydration shell of the hydroxide ion with H 2 tagging vibrational spectroscopy of the OH - ∙ (H 2 O) n=2,3 and OD - ∙ (D 2 O) n=2,3 clusters

In this paper, we report the isotope-dependent vibrational predissociation spectra of the H 2 -tagged OH - ∙ (H 2 O) n=2,3 clusters, from which we determine the strongly coordination-dependent energies of the fundamentals due to the OH groups bound to the ion and the intramolecular bending modes of the water molecules. The HOH bending fundamental is completely missing in the delocalized OH - ∙ (H 2 O) binary complex but is recovered upon adding the second water molecule, thereby establishing that the dihydrate behaves as a hydroxide ion solvated by two essentially intact water molecules. The energies of the observed OH stretches are in good agreement with the values predicted by Takahashi and co-workers [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17, 25505 (2015); 15, 114 (2013)] with a theoretical model that treats the strong anharmonicities at play in this system with explicit coupling between the bound OH groups and the O–O stretching modes on an extended potential energy surface. We highlight a surprising similarity between the spectral signatures of OH - ∙ (H 2 O) 3 and the excess proton analogue, H 3 O + ∙ (H 2 O) 3 , both of which correspond to completed hydration shells around the proton defect. Finally, we discuss the origin of the extreme solvatochromicity displayed by both OH - and H + in the context of the anomalously large “proton polarizabilities” of the H 5 O 2 + and H 3 O 2 - binary complexes.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Beam particle identification and tagging of incompletely stripped heavy beams with HEIST

A challenge preventing successful inverse kinematics measurements with heavy nuclei that are not fully stripped is identifying and tagging the beam particles. For this purpose, the HEavy ISotope Tagger (HEIST) has been developed. HEIST utilizes two micro-channel plate timing detectors to measure the time-of-flight, a multi-sampling ion chamber to measure energy loss, and a high-purity germanium detector to identify isomer decays and calibrate the isotope identification system. HEIST has successfully identified 198 Pb and other nearby nuclei at energies of about 75 MeV/A. In the experiment discussed, a typical cut containing 89% of all 198 Pb 80+ in the beam had a purity of 86%. We examine the issues of charge state contamination. Here, the observed charge state populations of these ions are presented and, using an adjusted beam energy, are well described by the charge state model GLOBAL.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2023

How generic is iodide-tagging photoelectron spectroscopy: An extended investigation on the Gly· X - (Gly = glycine, X = Cl or Br) complexes

We report a joint negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES) and quantum chemical computational study on glycine-chloride/bromide complexes (denoted Gly·X - , X = Cl/Br) in close comparison to the previously studied Gly·I - cluster ion. Combining experimental NIPE spectra and theoretical calculations, various Gly·X - complexes were found to adopt the same types of low-lying isomers, albeit with different relative energies. Despite more congested spectral profiles for Gly·Cl - and Gly·Br - , spectral assignments were accomplished with the guidance of the knowledge learned from Gly·I - , where a larger spin–orbit splitting of iodine afforded well-resolved, recognizable spectral peaks. Three canonical plus one zwitterionic isomer for Gly·Cl - and four canonical conformers for Gly·Br - were experimentally identified and characterized in contrast to the five canonical ones observed for Gly·I - under similar experimental conditions. Taken together, this study investigates both genericity and variations in binding patterns for the complexes composed of glycine and various halides, demonstrating that iodide-tagging is an effective spectroscopic means to unravel diverse ion-molecule binding motifs for cluster anions with congested spectral bands by substituting the respective ion with iodide.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2012

INSIGHT INTO THE FORMATION OF THE MILKY WAY THROUGH COLD HALO SUBSTRUCTURE. III. STATISTICAL CHEMICAL TAGGING IN THE SMOOTH HALO

We find that the relative contribution of satellite galaxies accreted at high redshift to the stellar population of the Milky Way's smooth halo increases with distance, becoming observable relative to the classical smooth halo about 15 kpc from the Galactic center. In particular, we determine line-of-sight-averaged [Fe/H] and [{alpha}/Fe] in the metal-poor main-sequence turnoff (MPMSTO) population along every Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE) spectroscopic line of sight. Restricting our sample to those lines of sight along which we do not detect elements of cold halo substructure (ECHOS), we compile the largest spectroscopic sample of stars in the smooth component of the halo ever observed in situ beyond 10 kpc. We find significant spatial autocorrelation in [Fe/H] in the MPMSTO population in the distant half of our sample beyond about 15 kpc from the Galactic center. Inside of 15 kpc however, we find no significant spatial autocorrelation in [Fe/H]. At the same time, we perform SEGUE-like observations of N-body simulations of Milky Way analog formation. While we find that halos formed entirely by accreted satellite galaxies provide a poor match to our observations of the halo within 15 kpc of the Galactic center, we do observe spatial autocorrelation in [Fe/H] in the simulations at larger distances. This observation is an example of statistical chemical tagging and indicates that spatial autocorrelation in metallicity is a generic feature of stellar halos formed from accreted satellite galaxies.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

18 Sco: A solar twin rich in refractory and neutron-capture elements. Implications for chemical tagging

We study with unprecedented detail the chemical composition and stellar parameters of the solar twin 18 Sco in a strictly differential sense relative to the Sun. Our study is mainly based on high-resolution (R ∼ 110,000), high signal-to-noise ratio (800-1,000) Very Large Telescope UVES spectra, which allow us to achieve a precision of about 0.005 dex in differential abundances. The effective temperature and surface gravity of 18 Sco are T{sub eff} = 5823 ± 6 K and log g = 4.45 ± 0.02 dex, i.e., 18 Sco is 46 ± 6 K hotter than the Sun and log g is 0.01 ± 0.02 dex higher. Its metallicity is [Fe/H] = 0.054 ± 0.005 dex, and its microturbulence velocity is +0.02 ± 0.01 km s{sup –1} higher than solar. Our precise stellar parameters and differential isochrone analysis show that 18 Sco has a mass of 1.04 ± 0.02 M{sub ☉} and that it is ∼1.6 Gyr younger than the Sun. We use precise High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) radial velocities to search for planets, but none are detected. The chemical abundance pattern of 18 Sco displays a clear trend with condensation temperature, thus showing higher abundances of refractories in 18 Sco than in the Sun. Intriguingly, there are enhancements in the neutron-capture elements relative to the Sun. Despite the small element-to-element abundance differences among nearby n-capture elements (∼0.02 dex), we successfully reproduce the r-process pattern in the Solar System. This is independent evidence for the universality of the r process. Our results have important implications for chemical tagging in our Galaxy and nucleosynthesis in general.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Neutron spin structure with polarized deuterons and spectator proton tagging at EIC

The neutron's deep-inelastic structure functions provide essential information for the flavor separation of the nucleon parton densities, the nucleon spin decomposition, and precision studies of QCD phenomena in the flavor-singlet and nonsinglet sectors. Thus, traditional inclusive measurements on nuclear targets are limited by dilution from scattering on protons, Fermi motion and binding effects, final-state interactions, and nuclear shadowing at x << 0.1. An Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) would enable next-generation measurements of neutron structure with polarized deuteron beams and detection of forward-moving spectator protons over a wide range of recoil momenta (0 < pR << several 100 MeV in the nucleus rest frame). The free neutron structure functions could be obtained by extrapolating the measured recoil momentum distributions to the on-shell point. The method eliminates nuclear modifications and can be applied to polarized scattering, as well as to semi-inclusive and exclusive final states. We review the prospects for neutron structure measurements with spectator tagging at EIC, the status of R&D efforts, and the accelerator and detector requirements.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Development of a tagged source of Pb-206 nuclei

There is a particular class of unavoidable backgrounds that plague low-background experiments and rare event searches, particularly those searching for nuclear recoil event signatures: decaying daughters of the 238 U nuclear decay chain, which result from radon plate-out on detector materials. One such daughter isotope, 210 Po, undergoes α-decay and produces a recoiling 103 keV 206 Pb nucleus. In this study, to characterize this important background in the context of noble element detectors, we have implemented a triggered source for these 206 Pb recoils in a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber (Xe TPC) within the Davis Xenon R&D testbed system (DAX). By adhering 210 Po to the surface of a PIN diode and electrically floating the diode on the cathode of the TPC, we tag the α signals produced in the PIN diode and trigger on the correlated nuclear recoils in the liquid xenon (LXe). Lastly, we discuss our methods for 210 Po deposition, electronic readout of the PIN diode signals at high voltage, and analysis methods for event selection.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗