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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 343 records · Page 19
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Distributed Energy Resource-Cognizant Upgrade Paths to the Traditional Restoration Strategy of Utilities for Improved Load Restoration

Climate change has resulted in increasingly impactful and more frequent occurrences of extreme weather events. This trend poses a significant challenge for distribution utilities and system operators to ensure that there is uninterrupted power supply to critical loads in their networks under fault scenarios; however, currently, utilities deploying the automated fault location, isolation and restoration (FLISR) function in their advanced distribution management system (ADMS) do not take into account the available generation and load-modification capabilities of distributed energy resources present in the disconnected network due to an upstream isolated fault. This results in the network reconfiguration and restoration to result in sub-optimal load restoration. Therefore, this paper presents two approaches that can upgrade the existing FLISR capabilities of distribution utilities to significantly increase the restoration of critical loads. The performance of the proposed approaches is evaluated on a numerical model of a real distribution feeder in Georgia, USA.

DER↗
DOE OSTI2020

Mechanical Performance of the First Two Prototype 4.5 m Long Nb$_3$Sn Low-$β$ Quadrupole Magnets for the Hi-Lumi LHC Upgrade

The U.S. High-Luminosity LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (HL-LHC AUP) team is collaborating with CERN in the design and fabrication of the first 4.5 m long MQXFA magnets, a 150 mm aperture high-field Nb$_3$Sn quadrupole magnet that uses the aluminum shell-based bladder-and-key technology. The first two prototype magnets, MQXFAP1 and MQXFAP2, were assem-bled and tested while the first pre-series structure (MQXFA03) was in fabrication. This paper summarizes the mechanical perfor-mance of these prototype structures based on the comparison of measured strain gauge data with finite element model analyses from all load steps to powering. The MQXFAP1 magnet almost reached ultimate current before a short to ground was detected and the test was stopped. The MQXFAP2 magnet experienced a low training performance due to a fractured aluminum shell. MQXFAP1b was rebuilt with a new replacement coil, but an old coil limited the magnet from achieving the ultimate current. The mitigations and analyses of these prototype magnets are discussed in the context of the transition to pre-series production.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Test Results of the First Two Full-Length Quadrupole Magnets for the LHC Hi Lumi Upgrade

The future high luminosity (Hi-Lumi) upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will include eight (plus two spares) 8.4 m-long cryostatted cold masses which will be components of the triplets for two LHC insertion regions. Each cold mass will consist of two 4.2 m long Nb 3 Sn high gradient quadrupole magnets, designated MQXFA, with aperture 150 mm and operating gradient 132.6 T/m, for a total of twenty magnets. Before assembling and testing the final cold masses at Fermilab, the twenty component quadrupoles will be tested first at the ver-tical superconducting magnet test facility of the Superconducting Magnet Division at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), in superfluid He at 1.9 K and to 18.0 kA, to meet LHC operational requirements. The first two full-length prototype quadrupole magnets, MQXFAP1 and MQXFAP2, have been tested at BNL. This paper reports on the quench test and training results of these magnets, and also the retest of the first prototype, rebuilt and designated as MQXFAP1b. We note the test results of these magnets will be important for validating the MQXFA design.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Test Results of the First Pre-Series Quadrupole Magnets for the LHC Hi-Lumi Upgrade

The future high luminosity (Hi-Lumi) upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will include eight (plus two spares) 10.2 m-long Cryo-assemblies which will be components of the triplets for two LHC insertion regions. Each cold mass in the Cryo-assemblies will consist of two 4.2 m-long Nb 3 Sn high gradient quadrupole magnets, designated MQXFA, with aperture 150 mm and operating gradient 132.2 T/m, for a total of twenty magnets. Before assembling and testing the final cold masses at Fermilab, the component quadrupoles are being tested first at the vertical superconducting magnet test facility of the Superconducting Magnet Division (SMD) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), in superfluid He at 1.9 K and up to 18.0 kA, in accordance with operational requirements of the LHC. The tests of the first two full-length prototype quadrupole magnets MQXFAP1 and MQXFAP2 at BNL have been reported previously. The first two pre-series magnets, the first two that will be used in the LHC, have also now been tested. This paper reports on the quench test and training results of these two magnets. The test results of these magnets will be important for validating the final MQXFA design for operational magnets.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Design of the Fermilab Pre-Series Cold Mass for the HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project

Here as part of the U.S. contribution to the HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP), Fermilab is designing and building cold masses suitable for use in the LHC interaction regions. The cold mass provides a vacuum-tight helium enclosure for the magnets. Two magnets are aligned both axially and in cross section at Fermilab based on survey and warm magnetic measurements. Bus work and instrumentation is added. A welded stainless steel vacuum-tight shell surrounds the two magnets, and the structure is prepared for insertion into the cryostat. This paper summarizes the design of the cold mass including alignment, bus work, weld details, and instrumentation.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a 1.9 m Long, 16.5 mm Period NbTi Superconducting Undulator for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade

Superconducting undulator (SCU) technology has been in use at the Advanced Photon Source since 2013. Due to the successful and reliable operation of the existing SCUs, the Advanced Photon Source upgrade project has decided to expand the use of NbTi-based SCUs. The first new magnets to be designed and fabricated are 1.9 m long with a period length of 16.5 mm. NbTi superconductor is used for coil winding and there are four separate coils wound on the mandrel to produce the main undulator field along with end compensation and distributed dipole compensation. The magnetic design, fabrication details, assembly, and testing are described in detail.

NbTi.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Fabrication of the Fermilab Pre-Series Cold Mass for the HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project

Fermilab is fabricating ten full length cold masses for the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider Accelerator Upgrade Project (HL-LHC AUP). One practice assembly and one pre-series assembly have been completed. Here this paper summarizes the construction details. Topics include incoming inspection, bus assembly, component machining, shell forming, beam tube insertion, bus expansion loop installation, instrumentation installation, electrical testing, heat exchanger installation and final assembly welding. In-process surveys, alignment measurements and testing are presented and explained. Problems encountered during construction and their solutions are discussed.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Field Harmonic Measurement of High-Gradient Permanent Magnet Quadrupoles for NSLS- II Upgrade

The National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) is preparing for a major upgrade based on a new lattice concept, known as “Complex Bend,” to replace its existing double bend achromat (DBA) lattice. Here, this novel lattice will use high-gradient permanent magnet quadrupoles (PMQs) with small apertures in the range of 16–22 mm. A prototype complex bend branch with PMQs has been installed in the NSLS-II linac to evaluate the lattice's performance. An accurate and precise magnetic measurement system is required for field harmonic characterization and magnetic tuning of these PMQs. As part of this project a Rotating-Coil bench, based on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) coil with a 12 mm diameter, has been configured to measure nine PMQs with bore diameter of 12.7 mm. This PCB coil has an active length of 270 mm, and is able to measure fields up to the 15th harmonic of the main field at a reference radius of 5 mm, while maintaining field quality levels within 10 ppm of the main field. This article presents the PCB coil setup, the harmonic measurement results and their temperature dependencies and repeatability. Simulation results on compensation of undesired multipoles using “IDBuilder”, a genetic algorithm-based optimizer code for magnetic tuning is included for field harmonic corrections.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Design and Testing of the Address in Real-Time Data Driver Card for the Micromegas Detector of the ATLAS New Small Wheel Upgrade

The Address in Real Time Data Driver Card (ADDC) is designed to transmit the trigger data in the Micro-Mesh Gaseous Structure (Micromegas) detector of the ATLAS New Small Wheel (NSW) upgrade. The Address in Real Time (ART) signals are generated by the front-end ASIC, named VMM chip, to indicate the address of the first above-threshold event. A custom ASIC (ART ASIC) is designed to receive the ART signals from the VMM chip and implement the hit-selection. The processed data from the ART ASIC will be transmitted out of the NSW through the GBTx serializer, the unidirectional Versatile Twin Transmitter (VTTx) and fiber optical links. The ART signal is critical for the ATLAS experiment trigger selection thus the performance and stability of the ADDC is very important. To ensure extensive testing of the ADDC, an FPGA Mezzanine Card (FMC) based testing platform and a special designed firmware/software are developed. We find that this test platform works with the commercial Xilinx VC707 FPGA development kit, independent of the other electronics of the NSW it can test all the functions of the ADDC and its long-term stability. This paper will introduce the design, testing procedure and results of the ADDC and the FMC testing platform.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Prototype Design of Global Common Module for ATLAS Experiment’s Phase-II Upgrade

A new Global Trigger subsystem will be installed in the Level-0 Trigger as part of HL-LHC Upgrade of ATLAS during the upcoming Long-Shutdown 3. It will feature new and improved trigger hardware and algorithms, and an increased maximum output rate of 1 MHz. The Global Trigger will run offline-like trigger algorithms on full-granularity data, gathered from several sub-detectors and trigger-processing subsystems. A single Global Common Module (GCM) hardware is implemented across the Global Trigger system to be used as Multiplexer Processor, Global Event Processor and CTP Interface (gCTPi). This common hardware platform method will minimize the complexity of the firmware and simplify the system design and long-term maintenance. The GCM prototype is an ATCA front form factor board with two Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ FPGA VU13P and one ZYNQ UltraScale+ FPGA ZU19EG and seventeen 25.78125 Gb/s FireFly duplex optical modules on it. The total power consumption of this board must be less than 350 W, and the temperature of the optical modules should be less than 70 °C in the worst case. The VU13Ps serve as algorithms processor nodes such as MUX, GEP and gCTPi, and the ZU19EG with Peta Linux OS running on it, is used as Command/Control/Readout Unit to configure and monitor the board and communicate with the ATLAS Detector Control System (DCS). The development of an ATCA blade with three large FPGAs and about 200 optical links running at 25Gb/s is a very challenging task, and the successful test results have demonstrated this GCM prototype as an advancement of state-of-the-art electronics module design in HEP experiments. This paper presents the hardware design considerations, functionalities, and performance test results of this GCM prototype.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Initial Results From the Newly Upgraded LTX- β

LTX-β, the upgraded Lithium Tokamak Experiment, recently began its first campaign with a goal to study the transport properties of gradient-free electron temperature profile equilibria with increased toroidal field and neutral beam injection. The temperature-gradient-free equilibria in LTX were enabled by the lithium plasma-facing surface. To make the lithium surface conditions more consistent for LTX-β, a new, faster lithium evaporator system has been developed. The toroidal magnetic field has been nearly doubled to ≥0.3 T. Auxiliary heating and fueling with a high flux (35 A, 20 kV) neutral beam has begun. The beam provides core fueling without cold edge neutrals, to test whether flat temperature profiles can be sustained, and makes possible core ion temperature measurements via charge exchange recombination spectroscopy. Neutral beam fueling has been demonstrated with increases in line-integrated density. The coupling of the beam matches well with NUBEAM predictions for shine through. Improved performance has been observed following lithium evaporative coatings and an increase in field strength.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Design and Analysis of High Heat Flux Plasma-Facing Components for NSTX Upgrade

The National Spherical Tokamak Experiment (NSTX) upgrade (NSTX-U) requirements lead to enhanced heat loads on plasma-facing components (PFCs) especially in the divertor regions, where normal heat flux density can reach up to 8 MW/m 2 . For these high heat flux (HHF) regions, the PFCs were redesigned, to use castellations which relieved the thermal stresses associated with high incident heat flux. Another design feature of HHF PFCs is the absence of front face mounting holes which create localized areas of high temperature and thermal stress concentrations. Optimized shaping of the front face of the HHF PFCs eliminates regions where the front face is perpendicular to the heat flux direction during normal helicity operation and spreads the heat load. A unique mechanism was designed to connect PFC tiles to the NSTX-U center stack casing using locking features accessible from the low heat flux regions. Isotropic graphite was selected as the HHF PFC tile material. Initial tile design parameters were accessed using analytical expressions for pulsed heat flux loading. A working prototype of the locking mechanism was created during the initial stages of the design to prove the concept performance. This article presents an overview of the divertor HHF PFC design and the results of the thermal and structural analyses performed using ANSYS software. The results of the analyses cover normal operating conditions and disruptions which impose electromagnetic (EM) loads from eddy and halo currents. The 3-D, transient, nonlinear analyses took into account the temperature-dependent properties of the materials, friction interfaces between the parts, and variable electric properties of the parts and interfaces. The results confirm that the HHF PFC tiles remain within the allowable limits for the loads defined by the NSTX-U Recovery Project. In addition, tolerance stack up analyses were performed to ensure tile performance in the worst possible assembly configuration. Finally, the design process was completed successfully, and the NSTX HHF PFC tiles are currently in the production phase.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Upgrades to the Thomson Scattering Diagnostic on the Lithium Tokamak eXperiment-Beta (LTX-$β$)

We describe the upgrades to the Thomson scattering (TS) diagnostic on the Lithium Tokamak eXperiment-beta (LTX- β ) to provide complete radial coverage of the plasma. LTX- β is a spherical tokamak with plasma limited at a major radius of R = 14 cm and R = 66 cm. Flat temperature profiles with peaked density were observed in LTX- β using an existing multipoint TS diagnostic with radial coverage of the plasma core. There is a need for more comprehensive core and edge TS measurements to thoroughly examine beam fueling, beam heating, and transport under low recycling conditions with liquid lithium walls and a lower collisionality scrape-off layer (SOL). The core TS set up provides plasma profiles from R = 40–60 cm. To extend the TS diagnostic coverage: 1) we added a TS viewing optics to cover the SOL region at five radial points from R = 57–64 cm, and 2) another TS viewing optics in the HFS region from R = 15–45 cm to obtain TS data from ten radial positions while making use of the original laser beam. The main focus of this article is on the new HFS TS setup that is equipped with better-matched collection optics located in the horizontal midplane where the laser polarization lies and views from a scattering angle of 130°–150° with respect to the laser path. A set of unequal-length Y-branched fiber bundles transports the TS light from two radial points to each polychromator. The new HFS view is better matched in spot size, scattering angle, and throughput to the laser and polychromators and has new V-grooved style viewing dumps. The new HFS TS view, along with the core and SOL TS views, will provide a full radial measurement coverage from R = 15–64 cm to explore the flat temperature profiles.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Prototype design and experimental tests of a zoom mirror system for the APS upgrade

Mirror-based zoom optics systems can offer variable focal spot sizes over a wide range, which is essential for coherent nanoprobe beamlines, such as the proposed Atomic beamline in the Advanced Photon Source (APS) upgrade project. The success of the zoom mirror system in the nano-focusing regime requires the development of high-precision deformable mirrors, in-situ surface profilers and wavefront sensors, and advanced feedback control system. A prototype 1-D zoom mirror system consists of two vertical focusing mirrors was designed, assembled, and tested at the APS 1-BM beamline. The system consists of a bender-based mirror with a capacitive-sensorarray-based real-time mirror profiler, a bimorph adaptive mirror, and a grating interferometer for the wavefront monitoring. In this work, we present the design and test results of the prototype system demonstrating its zoom focusing capability.

adaptive optics↗
DOE OSTI2025

Integrated low-temperature PVC and polyolefin upgrading

Polyolefins and their chlorinated derivatives such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are among the most prevalent plastics in global production and waste streams. Traditional waste-to-energy methods such as incineration and pyrolysis, as well as most chemical upcycling methods for PVC utilization, require thorough, high-temperature dechlorination to prevent the release of toxic chlorinated compounds. Here, we present here a strategy for upgrading discarded PVC into chlorine-free fuel range hydrocarbons and hydrogen chloride in a single-stage process catalyzed by chloroaluminate ionic liquids. This approach offsets endothermic dechlorination and carbon-carbon bond cleavage with exothermic alkylation and hydrogen transfer by isobutane or isopentane in a low-temperature tandem process. The light isoalkanes are available from refinery processes and partly from recycling of the product stream. This process is suitable for handling real-world mixed and contaminated PVC and polyolefin waste streams.

Zhang, Wei [East China Normal Univ. (ECNU), Shangh↗
DOE OSTI2021

Upgrade of the ILC Cryomodule

Results of testing modified components for the cryomodule of the International Linear Collider (ILC) are summarized. To reduce the ILC project cost, it is proposed to replace titanium cryomodule components with stainless steel (SS) ones. New bimetallic transitions (Ti/SS, Nb/SS) have been produced by a unique method based on explosion welding. Successive upgrading of these components to the latest version of the Nb/Ti/SS transition element has led to improvement of the ILC cryomodule. This new component resolves problems of residual stress, and its specific design prevents the possibility of a shift due to the difference in the linear expansion coefficients of the constituent metals. Furthermore, leak tests with the He gas revealed no leaks at the background rate of ≈0.2 × 10$^{–10}$ atm cc/s. The test results are very encouraging. The up-to-date design of trimetallic Nb/Ti/SS element promises technologically simpler and less expensive manufacture. Investigations have shown that explosion welding allows unique trimetallic components to be made not only for cryogenic units of accelerators but also for laboratory equipment and for general engineering applications.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

CUPID, the Cuore upgrade with particle identification

CUPID, the CUORE Upgrade with Particle Identification, is a next-generation experiment to search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0 νββ ) and other rare events using enriched Li 2 100 MoO 4 scintillating bolometers. It will be hosted by the CUORE cryostat located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. The main physics goal of CUPID is to search for 0 νββ of 100 Mo with a discovery sensitivity covering the full neutrino mass regime in the inverted ordering scenario, as well as the portion of the normal ordering regime with lightest neutrino mass larger than 10 meV. With a conservative background index of 10 −4 cts/(keV·kg·yr), 240 kg isotope mass, 5 keV FWHM energy resolution at 3 MeV and 10 live-years of data taking, CUPID will have a 90% C.L. half-life exclusion sensitivity of 1.8 · 10 27 yr, corresponding to an effective Majorana neutrino mass ( m ββ ) sensitivity of 9–15 meV, and a 3σ discovery sensitivity of 1 · 10 27 yr, corresponding to an m ββ range of 12–21 meV.

Alfonso, K. [Virginia Polytechnic Institute and St↗
DOE OSTI2022

National Marine Renewable Energy Center Upgrades - LUPA

The data provided is part of a power take off damping optimization study. The power take off damping coefficient was swept from 0 to approximately 7000 N/m/s during a single regular wave test with a real time control of the motor/generator. The generated power from the LUPA (Lab Upgrade Point Absorber) wave energy converter is reported by the motor drive in watts. The csv files in this submission are the corresponding raw time series outputs for each mode of operation of LUPA (one body heave only, two body heave only, and two body six degrees of freedom). Data comes from testing in the Large WaveFlume (LWF) at the O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory in Corvallis, OR.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗