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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 343 records · Page 19
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1973

A monkey metabolism pod for space-flight weightlessness studies.

The system described will permit quantitative physiological studies in adult monkeys, weighing from 8 to 14 kg, during future space flights. The system comprises a fiberglass pod containing a comfortable restraint couch for the animal. The pod is divided into upper and lower halves. When the monkey occupies the couch, a rubber belly-band forms a gas seal between the upper and lower portions of the animal. The upper-pod ventilating air stream is monitored for the partial pressures of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water to permit continuous metabolic gas-exchange measurements for computation of metabolic energy expediture. The lower pod is lined with ashless filter paper for excreta collection.

Pace, N.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Failure detection and isolation methods for redundant gimballed inertial measurement units.

Skewed alignment of two redundant conventional inertial measuring units permits nonambiguous detection and isolation of hard and soft failures in real time by an airborne computer. Accelerometer outputs and gimbal readouts are monitored periodically, and attitude rate and velocity error vectors are computed from these data. Magnitudes of these vectors provide failure detection, and projection of these error vectors onto the coordinate axes of the two clusters permits isolation. A detailed Monte Carlo simulation of one version of the mechanization as applied to Space Shuttle boost trajectories demonstrates effectiveness down to very low levels of inertial instrument performance failures. The results indicate that worst case overall navigation performance occurs when accelerometer failures are of the order of 20 sigma and gyro failures are about 100 sigma for conventional state-of-the-art IMU instruments.

Solov, E. G.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Miniature biaxial strain transducer

Transducer is completely reusable and permits relocation to alternate points to be accomplished quickly. Size permits measurements to be made simultaneously over small areas and yields outputs directly proportional to strains measured. Transducer verifies elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and principal strain axes on materials.

Hoffman, I. S.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Feasibility study for rocket ozone measurements in the 50 to 80 km region using a chemiluminescent technique

A study has been conducted to determine the feasibility of increasing sensitivity for ozone detection. The detection technique employed is the chemiluminescent reaction of ozone with a rhodamine-B impregnated disk. Previously achieved sensitivities are required to be increased by a factor of about 20 to permit measurements at altitudes of 80 km. Sensitivity was increased by using a more sensitive photomultiplier tube, by increasing the gas velocity past the disk, by different disk preparation techniques, and by using reflective coatings in the disk chamber and on the uncoated side of the glass disk. Reflective coatings provided the largest sensitivity increase. The sum of all these changes was a sensitivity increased by an estimated factor of 70, more than sufficient to permit measurement of ambient ozone concentrations at altitudes of 80 km.

Goodman, P.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Mariner Venus Mercury, 1973

The Mariner Venus Mercury 1973 unmanned mission is discussed, which is designed to conduct a close flyby investigation of the planet Mercury after using the gravity-turn technique in a Venus flyby. Its scientific purposes include photographic, thermal, and spectral surveys, radio occulation, and charged particle/magnetic measurements at each planet, observation of solar-system fields and particles from 1.0 a.u. down to 0.4 a.u., and comparative planetary surveys between the Earth, the Moon, Venus, and Mercury. It is also intended to observe Kohoutek's comet. The trajectory permits establishment of a solar orbit in phase with Mercury's, permitting repeated encounters with that planet.

Wilson, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Whole body measurement systems

A system for measuring the volume and volume variations of a human body under zero gravity conditions is disclosed. An enclosed chamber having a defined volume and arranged for receiving a human body is provided with means for infrasonically varying the volume of the chamber. The changes in volume produce resultant changes in pressure, and under substantially isentropic conditions, an isentropic relationship permits a determination of gas volume which, in turn, when related to total chamber volume permits a determination of the body volume. By comparison techniques, volume changes of a human independent of gravity conditions can be determined.

Ogle, J. S.↗
NASA NTRS1973

The NASA computer aided design and test system

A family of computer programs facilitating the design, layout, evaluation, and testing of digital electronic circuitry is described. CADAT (computer aided design and test system) is intended for use by NASA and its contractors and is aimed predominantly at providing cost effective microelectronic subsystems based on custom designed metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) large scale integrated circuits (LSIC's). CADAT software can be easily adopted by installations with a wide variety of computer hardware configurations. Its structure permits ease of update to more powerful component programs and to newly emerging LSIC technologies. The components of the CADAT system are described stressing the interaction of programs rather than detail of coding or algorithms. The CADAT system provides computer aids to derive and document the design intent, includes powerful automatic layout software, permits detailed geometry checks and performance simulation based on mask data, and furnishes test pattern sequences for hardware testing.

Gould, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Adaptive voting computer system

A computer system is reported that uses adaptive voting to tolerate failures and operates in a fail-operational, fail-safe manner. Each of four computers is individually connected to one of four external input/output (I/O) busses which interface with external subsystems. Each computer is connected to receive input data and commands from the other three computers and to furnish output data commands to the other three computers. An adaptive control apparatus including a voter-comparator-switch (VCS) is provided for each computer to receive signals from each of the computers and permits adaptive voting among the computers to permit the fail-operational, fail-safe operation.

Koczela, L. J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Volcanism subprogram: Volcanological interpretation of the northern part of the Occidental Cordillera of Bolivia, utilizing ERTS imagery

The author has identified the following significant results. In the present study, 6 ERTS-1 images have been interpreted on a 1:1 million scale (black and white) with the respective field reconnaissance. The area studied is located in the region bordering with Chile and includes the western part of the Bolivian Altiplano, the volcano Cordillera (western cordillera) and the northern part of Chile to the Pacific Coast. The greater part of this region is formed by Pliocene/Pleistocene volcani rock, which is discordant with the Tertiary sediments with intercalations of calcareous tuff. The ERTS-1 imagery permits the tracing of regional boundaries of the great volcanic formations and the alinements of the volcanic bodies along the fault zones. They also permit a clear examination of the volcanic apparatus, including their secondary forms, such as lava flows, parasitic cones, and lava domes. Because of the great scale, it is not possible to identify either the small structures or those of low relief. On the basis of the interpretation of the images, it is possible to give an idea of the relative age of the volcanoes.

Brockmann, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Satellite geological and geophysical remote sensing of Iceland

The author has identified the following significant results. The seasonal change in size of sediment plumes from the many glacial rivers which discharge into the sea along the south coast gives an indication of seasonal changes in melting rates of glaciers. Changes in area of lakes, particularly glacier-margin lakes can be mapped of most of the area covered by glacial ice in Iceland. Recently deglaciated terrain can be distinguished on MSS color composites. The increase in surface area of the ice-dammed lake, Graenalon, was monitored until the occurrence of a jokulhlaup, after which the surface area of the lake was considerably reduced. The effect of two subglacial jokulhlaups on the overlying ice cover can be seen in the form of collapse features in the surface of Vatnajokull. MSS color composites permit the mapping of five distinct vegetation types; forests, cultivated areas, grasslands, reclaimed areas, and lichen-covered bedrock. Features as small as 100 m can be discerned. The ability to map landforms, vegetation distribution, occurrence of snowcover, glaciers, and geologic structure stereoscopically permits a much greater accurate analysis of these features.

Williams, R. S., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Satellite geological and geophysical remote sensing of Iceland

The author has identified the following significant results. ERTS-1 imagery provides sufficient resolution to discern two effects of geothermal activity at the Namafjall geothermal area: snowmelt anomalies and delineation of altered ground. The fallout pattern of tephra from Hekla's 1970 volcanic eruption can be mapped where sufficient depth of deposition destroyed the vegetation. Lava flows from the volcanic eruptions at Askja and Hekla can be delineated. Low sun-angle imagery of snow-covered terrain has permitted the mapping of new structural and volcanic features beneath the icecaps. Coastline changes on the islands of Surtsey and Heimaey can be mapped. Variations of sediment plumes from glacial rivers on the south coast give a qualitative indication of seasonal changes in melting rates of glaciers. ERTS-1 imagery has been shown to be especially amenable to portrayal of changing glaciological phenomena: surging glaciers, collapse features in icecaps caused by subglacial volcanic (?) and geothermal activity and resulting jokulhlaups, and variations in size of glacier-margin lakes. A fifth vegetation class has now been added: lichen-covered bedrock. The high latitude permits more precise analysis of landforms, vegetation distribution, occurrence of snow cover, glaciers, and geologic structure.

Williams, R. S., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Evaluate ERTS imagery for mapping and detection of changes of snowcover on land and on glaciers

The author has identified the following significant results. The area of snowcover on 10 individual drainage basins in the North Cascades, Washington, has been determined by use of a semi-automatic radiance threshold technique. The result is a unique record of the changing water storage as snow in these important hydrologic units, the runoff of which is utilized for hydroelectric power, dilution of wastes and heat, support of salmon migration, and irrigation. These data allow a new type of hydrologic modelling to proceed which should permit more accurate forecasts of streamflow. A new technique has been developed for measuring snow-covered area or snowline altitude semi-automatically. This variable contour overlay method permits the snowcover to be matched efficiently to the best fit contour of altitude. The motion of the Yentna Glacier during the concluding phase of its surge was successfully measured by a flicker technique using images of two dates. It appears that displacements as small as 100 to 200 m can be measured. Motion of the Tweedsmuir Glacier in Alaska was measured using ERTS-1 images enlarged to 1:50,000. Changes detected included a shock wave moving down the glacier, the margin expanding, the moraine pattern deforming, and the marginal valley deepening.

Meier, M. F.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Load insensitive electrical device

A class of power converters is described for supplying direct current at one voltage from a source at another voltage. It includes a simple passive circuit arrangement of solid-state switches, inductors, and capacitors by which the output voltage of the converter tends to remain constant in spite of changes in load. The switches are sensitive to the current flowing in the circuit and are employed to permit the charging of capacitance devices in accordance with the load requirements. Because solid-state switches (such as SCR's) may be used with relatively high voltage and because of the inherent efficiency of the invention that permits relatively high switching frequencies, power supplies built in accordance with the invention, together with their associated cabling, can be substantially lighter in weight for a given output power level and efficiency of operation than systems of the prior art.

Schwarz, F. C.↗
NASA NTRS1973

A numerical procedure for the parametric optimization of three dimensional scramjet nozzles

A numerical procedure permitting the rapid determination of the internal performance of a class of scramjet nozzle configurations is presented. The approach developed is based on the construction of quasi two dimensional simple wave networks, where lateral expansion effects are incorporated by one dimensional approximations. A numerical procedure following this approach has has been developed and results obtained are highly comparable to those obtained employing a characteristic procedure. The numerical program developed permits the parametric variation of cowl length, turning angles on the cowl and vehicle undersurface and lateral expansion and is subject to fixed constraints such as the vehicle length and nozzle exit height. The program requires uniform initial conditions at the burner exit station and yields the location of all predominant wave zones, accounting for lateral expansion effects. In addition, the program yields the detailed pressure distribution on the cowl and vehicle undersurface and calculates the nozzle thrust, lift and pitching moment.

Dash, S.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Development and fabrication of improved Schottky power diodes, phases I and II

Reproducible methods for the fabrication of silicon Schottky diodes were developed for the metals tungsten, aluminum, conventional platinum silicide and low temperature platinum silicide. Barrier heights and barrier lowering were measured permitting the accurate prediction of ideal forward and reverse diode performance. Processing procedures were developed which permit the fabrication of large area (approximately 1 sqcm) mesa-geometry power Schottky diodes with forward and reverse characteristics that approach theoretical values.

Cordes, L. F.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Observations on some acoustic methods used in studying the elastic properties of metals

An experimental setup is reported that permits very accurate measurements of the resonance frequencies of long cylindrical beams fixed in the middle and whose size can vary within wide limits. It also permits measurement of the width of the resonance curve. It is shown that the Poisson effect can be brought to light for relatively long beams and for relatively short beams. Poisson ratio, values obtained with this method argue in favor of using the low frequency region for determining elastic constants of solids.

Velceanu, C. I.↗
NASA NTRS1974

The 90-day report for SL4 experiment S019: UV stellar astronomy

The use of Experiment S019 to obtain moderate dispersion stellar spectra extending down to 1300A with sufficient spectral resolution to permit the study of ultraviolet (UV) line spectra and of spectral energy distributions of early-type stars is studied. Data obtained from this experiment should be of sufficient accuracy to permit detailed physical analysis of individual stars and nebulae, but an even more basic consideration is the expectation of obtaining spectra of a sufficient number of stars so that a statistically meaningful survey may be made of the UV spectra of a wide variety of star types. These should include all luminosity classes of spectral types O, B and A, as well as peculiar stars such as Wolf-Rayet stars and Ap or Am stars. An attempt was also made to obtain, in the no-prism mode, low dispersion UV spectra in a number of Milky Way star fields and in nearby galaxies.

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NASA NTRS1973

Temperature compensated sleeve type mirror mount

The primary mirror of a large (26-inch diameter aperture) solar telescope was made of glass ceramic and designed with an integral hub on the back of the center of the mirror. This permits heat from the mirror to radiate off its back to a nearby cold plate. To permit mounting without high stresses, the hub was ground down to a smooth cylindrical surface 3.5 inch in diameter. The ground surface was then acid-etched to remove 0.007 inch (on the diameter) by immersion for five minutes in a mixture of four parts 92% sulfuric acid and three parts 50% hydrofluoric acid. The acid etching removes microcracks from the ground Cer-Vit surface. An Invar sleeve was fabricated to fit over the hub with about 0.010 inch radial (0.020 inch diametral) clearance.

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