Results for “surface chemistry” — Page 19

NASA NTRS2011

Microwave Spectroscopy of Complex Molecules Around the Young Protostar Chamaeleon MMS1

Observations are presented of emission lines from organic molecules at frequencies 30-100 GHz in the vicinity of the extremely young, chemically rich, very low-luminosity protostar and candidate first hydrostatic core Chamaeleon MMS1. Column densities are derived and emission maps are presented for species including polyynes, cyanopolyynes, sulphuretted carbon-chains and methanol. Emission from the carbon-chain-bearing species peaks very near to the protostar; methanol peaks about 0.1 pc further away. The mean molecular hydrogen number density is calculated to be 10(exp 6) per cc. and the gas kinetic temperature is in the range 4-7 K. The abundances of long carbon chains (including C6H and HC7N) are very large -- similar to those found in the most carbon-chain-rich regions of the Galaxy, and indicative of a non-equilibrium carbon chemistry. The observed methanol and acetaldehyde abundances indicate active grain-surface chemistry and desorption processes. The carbon-chain anions C4H- and C6H- were not detected and the upper limit on the anion-to-neutral ratio for C4H- is less than 0.02% and for C6H-, less than 10%. These values are consistent with previous observations in interstellar clouds and low-mass protostars. Deuterated HC3N and c-C3H2 were detected, with fractionation ratios of about 4%, and 22%, respectively. A low c-C3H2 ortho-to-para ratio was measured, which is consistent with a molecular hydrogen ortho-to-para ratio of close to zero and implies a relatively young chemical age (less than about 10(exp 5) yr) for the matter surrounding Cha-MMS1. These observations show that a high level of chemical complexity can be present in star-forming gas.

Cordiner, Martin A.↗

NASA NTRS2016

Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Urethane Co-Oligomers Containing Pendant Fluoroalkyl Ether Groups

Coatings with the ability to minimize adhesion of insect residue and other debris are of great interest for future aircraft. These aircraft will exhibit increased fuel efficiency by maintaining natural laminar flow over greater wing chord distances. Successful coatings will mitigate the adhesion of debris on laminar flow surfaces that could cause a premature transition to turbulent flow. The use of surface modifying agents (SMA) that thermodynamically orient towards the air side of a coating can provide specific surface chemistry that may lead to a reduction of contaminate adhesion. Aluminum surfaces coated with urethane co-oligomers containing various amounts of pendant fluoroalkyl ether groups were prepared, characterized and tested for their abhesive properties. The coated surfaces were subjected to controlled impacts with wingless fruit flies (drosophila melanogaster) using both a benchtop wind tunnel and a larger-scale wind tunnel test facility. Insect impacts were recorded and analyzed using high-speed digital photography and the remaining residues characterized using optical surface profilometry and compared to that of an aluminum control. It was determined that using fluorinated oligomers to chemically modify coating surfaces altered the adhesion properties relative to the adhesion of insect residues to the surface.

Jereme R Doss↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Assessment of Mars 2020 Forebody Heating Predictions with Coupled Material Response

The objective of this work was to assess the impact of flow field - material response cou-pling on reproducing temperatures within the Mars 2020 forebody thermal protection system.Both equilibrium and nonequilibrium coupled material response approaches were considered.Turbulent transition estimates were included in the flow field modeling based on transitiontimes inferred from flight measurements. A coupled equilibrium ablation model was foundto overpredict the in-depth temperatures near the surface by over 100 K in the stagnationregion and by about 200 K near the leeside shoulder, which was subject to turbulent heatingaugmentation. For nonequilibrium ablation, two finite rate surface chemistry models wereused to model the chemical process on the vehicle surface. The first was a model consistingof N2catalysis and CO2recombination model, and the second was a model consisting of onlyN2and O2catalysis. Near the stagnation point, the N2and CO2model was found to be withinabout 10 K from the peak in-depth temperature near the surface; however, overpredictionof the in-depth temperatures was observed early in the trajectory, similar to the equilibriumablation model. The N2and O2catalysis model was found to significantly underpredict nearsurface in-depth temperatures.

Thomas K West↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Simulation of Etch Pit Formation in DSMC Through Active Sites in Carbon Fiber Micro-Structures

Erosion of carbon due to oxidation does not occur uniformly but through localized etch pit formation because of active surface sites. In this work we demonstrate a newly developed capability to capture pitting of carbon fiber microstructures such as FiberForm, which is commonly used as the base material for NASA’s spacecraft ablative thermal protection systems (TPS). The simulations are performed at the meso-scale in order to capture the pit formation and growth using direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC), specifically using the Stochastic PArallel Rarefied-gas Time-accurate Analyzer (SPARTA) code. Legacy and latest models both assume uniform reactivity of carbon surface sites with oxygen even at the meso-scale level. However, in reality the carbon surface has locally different reaction rates due to the presence of defects at the atomic scale. The defective nature of these sites enhances their reactivity with atmospheric gases compared to the non-defective sites (2-3 orders of magnitude) and are termed as “active sites”. Thus, these sites tend to be the first to react and eventually get removed through the formation of gases such as CO, CO2, and CN. Their removal results in all the neighboring atoms becoming defective, thus leading to chain reaction of localized carbon removal and formation of etch pits. Capturing the formation of pits during the ablation simulation of carbon micro-structures is critical to predicting their structural failure. Recently a detailed surface chemistry framework was developed in SPARTA, capable of incorporating various detailed surface reaction mechanisms. We have implemented the capability of a single surface having multiple site sets with different reactivities within this framework. We have used this feature to model the presence of active sites on carbon surfaces, whose reactivity is orders of magnitude higher than that of the passive sites due to the presence of defects. The active site fraction is a property of surface elements within SPARTA and is directly proportional to the local reactivity of each surface element. By introducing an initial distribution of the active site fraction across the carbon surface and propagating it in a manner that mimics the evolution of real reacting carbon surfaces, we can capture the formation and growth of etch pits as a result of surface consumption reactions such as oxidation.

DSMC↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

DSMC Simulation of Etch Pit Formation Through Active Sites in Carbon Fiber Micro-Structures

Erosion of carbon due to oxidation does not occur uniformly but through localized etch pit formation because of active surface sites. In this work we demonstrate a newly developed capability to capture pitting of carbon fiber microstructures such as FiberForm, which is commonly used as the base material for NASA’s spacecraft ablative thermal protection systems (TPS). The simulations are performed at the meso-scale in order to capture the pit formation and growth using direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC), specifically using the Stochastic PArallel Rarefied-gas Time-accurate Analyzer (SPARTA) code. Legacy and latest models both assume uniform reactivity of carbon surface sites with oxygen even at the meso-scale level. However, in reality the carbon surface has locally different reaction rates due to the presence of defects at the atomic scale. The defective nature of these sites enhances their reactivity with atmospheric gases compared to the non-defective sites (2-3 orders of magnitude) and are termed as “active sites”. Thus, these sites tend to be the first to react and eventually get removed through the formation of gases such as CO, CO2, and CN. Their removal results in all the neighboring atoms becoming defective, thus leading to chain reaction of localized carbon removal and formation of etch pits. Capturing the formation of pits during the ablation simulation of carbon micro-structures is critical to predicting their structural failure. Recently a detailed surface chemistry framework was developed in SPARTA, capable of incorporating various detailed surface reaction mechanisms. We have implemented the capability of a single surface having multiple site sets with different reactivities within this framework. We have used this feature to model the presence of active sites on carbon surfaces, whose reactivity is orders of magnitude higher than that of the passive sites due to the presence of defects. The active site fraction is a property of surface elements within SPARTA and is directly proportional to the local reactivity of each surface element. By introducing an initial distribution of the active site fraction across the carbon surface and propagating it in a manner that mimics the evolution of real reacting carbon surfaces, we can capture the formation and growth of etch pits as a result of surface consumption reactions such as oxidation.

DSMC↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Engineering the Interface: Advanced Surface Technologies for Lunar Dust Management and Equipment Longevity

Through the Artemis program, NASA intends to develop a sustainable human foothold on the Moon, ultimately paving the way for crewed exploration of Mars. The Moon's hostile environment poses numerous obstacles, including exposure to radiation, temperature extremes, micrometeoroid threats, and particularly the persistent problem of lunar dust. Lunar dust impacts nearly every aspect of surface operations through adhesion and abrasion mechanisms, with contamination from anthropogenic activities (landing, rovers) far outweighing natural phenomena. Multiple adhesion pathways contribute to surface contamination in the lunar environment, including van der Waals forces, electrostatic forces, chemical reaction, and magnetic forces from elemental iron deposits. Sharp asperities from micrometeoroid bombardment and atmospheric absence increase interaction potential and enable mechanical interlocking. Low cohesion between dust particles exacerbates these challenges, as minimal interaction potential between dust and nearby surfaces overcomes particle cohesion, causing contamination. Lunar dust adhesion mitigation technologies can be categorized as either active, requiring external energy, or passive, relying on intrinsic material properties. Ultrasonic and electrodynamic technologies have been developed to the highest technology readiness level for active approaches. Passive strategies primarily focus on surface chemistry and topography modifications. At NASA Langley Research Center, approaches include surface migration agents to reduce surface energy, topographical modification using laser ablation patterning, and tailored surface conductivity to reduce intrinsic adhesion force. Performance has been evaluated using custom-built ultrasonic and centrifuge instruments. Plume-surface interactions from lunar landers can propel micrometer-sized particles at velocities up to 1000 m s-1.8 These particles pose risks to landers, habitats and infrastructure, leading to erosion, degradation, and reduced component lifespan. A panel recovered from Surveyor III was determined to have been severely abraded because of lunar dust displaced from the Apollo 12 lunar module that landed 160 m away. The performance of metallic surfaces has been evaluated via high velocity single particle impact using the laser-induced project impact test (LIPIT) facility at the University of Utah. Peridynamics modeling, a form of continuum mechanics that uses a nonlocal approach enabling greater simulation capabilities of crack initiation and fracture, has also been utilized to gain greater insight into material response during impact events. Lunar dust contamination challenges extend to power generation systems and moving equipment. Cables, rotation stages, and other mechanisms may experience limited range of motion and reduced lifetime due to dust infiltration. NASA Langley Research Center has evaluated traditional aerospace alloys, softgoods, wear resistant ceramics, and several polymer and polymer composite materials. Test methods have included traditional techniques like Taber abrasion testing, as well as designed test configurations developed in the DUSTE (dust, ultraviolet radiation, and space thermal environmental) chamber that reproduce mechanism functions in operational environment. Beyond laboratory experiments, several flight experiments have been conducted. Materials were exposed to the low Earth orbit environment on the Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) and to the lunar surface environment through the Aegis Aerospace Regolith Adherence Characterization (RAC) payload and the Honeybee Robotics PlanetVac payload. Determining lunar dust's impact on surface exploration and habitation requires comprehensive experimental and computational capabilities combined with lessons learned from initial lunar activities. Identifying the greatest environmental challenges and developing mitigation technologies provides the clearest path toward successfully, expeditiously, and efficaciously completing NASA's mission. This presentation will discuss ongoing efforts at NASA Langley Research Center and collaborator contributions to these critical objectives.

Surface Engineering↗

DOE OSTI2025

Etching-Chemistry-Driven Ruthenium Doping on Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene for Optimizing Electrochemical Performance

We demonstrate that the etching chemistry used during MXene synthesis from Ti 3 AlC 2 MAX phase significantly influences surface functionalization and structural vacancies, which in turn affect ruthenium (Ru) ion interactions. Using hydrofluoric acid (HF) and ammonium bifluoride (NH 4 HF 2 ) as etchants, we obtained MXene surfaces with distinct functional groups and Ti vacancies that impact Ru ion interactions and electrochemical performance. Both MXene variants (labeled MX(H) and MX(N), respectively) exhibited negative zeta potentials in their pristine state, but upon the addition of Ru the zeta potential for MX(H) reached 12.9 mV while that for MX(N) remained negative at −6.4 mV. This adsorption resulted in a 14.4-fold increase in the specific capacitance of MX(H)/Ru compared to pristine MX(H), whereas MX(N)/Ru exhibited only a 4.4-fold increase over its pristine counterpart. X-ray diffraction analysis identified the formation of ammonium titanium oxide fluoride, (NH 4 ) 3 TiOF 5 , on MX(N), which likely contributed to its reduced Ru adsorption. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested the presence of Ti vacancies in both MXene variants; however, their behavior toward Ru accommodation differed markedly, with MX(H) showing the most obvious shift in the Ti 2p peak in the XPS survey spectrum, while MX(N) showed the most obvious shift in the C 1s peak. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy further demonstrated a distinct alteration in the spectral signatures of MX(H) upon Ru addition, in contrast to the negligible changes in MX(N), indicating effective passivation of the Ti defect sites in MX(H) via vacancy-assisted Ru doping. Cyclic voltammetry showed that Ru-incorporated MX(H) nanocomposites exhibit more efficient redox-active sites, as reflected in their higher capacitance values. These findings highlight the pivotal role of MXene surface chemistry in controlling cation adsorption, providing valuable insights for the rational design of high-performance electrodes.

2D surface engineering↗

DOE OSTI2023

Analyzing barium titanate TiO2 surface interactions with tert-butylphosphonic acid using density functional theory

Abstract Barium titanate (BTO) is a widely researched ferroelectric useful for energy storage. While BTO’s surface chemistry is commonly studied using density functional theory, little has been published on the TiO2 surface. Here, we determined that BTO’s surface response can be decoupled from the ferroelectric response by using a pre-optimized ferroelectric slab and allowing only the top three atomic z-layers to respond to ligand binding. Multiple favorable binding modes were identified for hydrogen, hydroxyl, water, and tert-butyl phosphonic acid on BTO’s TiO 2 surface. Of these ligands, tBuPA dominates surface binding with binding energies as low as − 2.61 eV for its nine configurations. Graphical abstract

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

NASA NTRS2010

Ablation, Thermal Response, and Chemistry Program for Analysis of Thermal Protection Systems

In previous work, the authors documented the Multicomponent Ablation Thermochemistry (MAT) and Fully Implicit Ablation and Thermal response (FIAT) programs. In this work, key features from MAT and FIAT were combined to create the new Fully Implicit Ablation, Thermal response, and Chemistry (FIATC) program. FIATC is fully compatible with FIAT (version 2.5) but has expanded capabilities to compute the multispecies surface chemistry and ablation rate as part of the surface energy balance. This new methodology eliminates B' tables, provides blown species fractions as a function of time, and enables calculations that would otherwise be impractical (e.g. 4+ dimensional tables) such as pyrolysis and ablation with kinetic rates or unequal diffusion coefficients. Equations and solution procedures are presented, then representative calculations of equilibrium and finite-rate ablation in flight and ground-test environments are discussed.

Milos, Frank S.↗

DOE OSTI2022

Effect of amine type on acidic toxic gas adsorption at ambient conditions on modified CuBTC

We report two amine-modified copper-based Metal Organic Frameworks (MOF (CuBTC)) of different surface chemical and textural features were synthesized and used as adsorbents of acidic toxic gases (NO 2 and H 2 S) in both moist (71% relative humidity (R.H.)) and dry conditions. The initial and exhausted samples were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The addition of melamine prevented full growth of CuBTC crystals and resulted in amorphous-like particles with sizes less than 200 nm. The material was non-porous with a small surface area. When urea was used as an amine source, the resulting particles maintained the overall octahedral shape of the parent CuBTC MOF and the material was more porous than the parent MOF. While the urea-modified CuBTC sample performed well as an NO 2 adsorbent in the presence of moisture, the reactivity of the melamine-modified sample and its physical properties provided a favorable environment for the removal of H 2 S. The incorporation of amines into the MOF structure also resulted in surface defects /open copper sites that favored the removal of toxic gases in dry conditions. The reactivity of the adsorbents with toxic gases was demonstrated by the changes in the adsorbent colors, in texture, and in surface chemistry (organic salts, complexes, sulfides and nitrates were formed).

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2020

Spontaneous emulsification induced by nanoparticle surfactants

Microemulsions, mixtures of oil, water, and surfactant, are thermodynamically stable. Unlike conventional emulsions, microemulsions form spontaneously, have a monodisperse droplet size that can be controlled by adjusting the surfactant concentration, and do not degrade with time. To make microemulsions, a judicious choice of surfactant molecules must be made, which significantly limits their potential use. Nanoparticle surfactants, on the other hand, are a promising alternative because the surface chemistry needed to make them bind to a liquid-liquid interface is both well flexible and understood. Here, we derive a thermodynamic model predicting the conditions in which nanoparticle surfactants drive spontaneous emulsification that agrees quantitatively with experiments using Noria nanoparticles. This new class of microemulsions inherits the mechanical, chemical, and optical properties of the nanoparticles used to form them, leading to novel applications.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

NASA NTRS1991

Relative sliding durability of two candidate high temperature oxide fiber seal materials

A test program to determine the relative sliding durability of two candidate ceramic fibers for high temperature sliding seal applications is described. Pin on disk tests were used to evaluate potential seal materials. Friction during the tests and fiber wear, indicated by the extent of fibers broken in a test bundle or yarn, was measured at the end of a test. In general, friction and wear increase with test temperature. This may be due to a reduction in fiber strength, a change in the surface chemistry at the fiber/counterface interface due to oxidation, adsorption and/or desorption of surface species and, to a lesser extent, an increase in counterface surface roughness due to oxidation at elevated temperatures. The relative fiber durability correlates with tensile strength indicating that tensile data, which is more readily available than sliding durability data, may be useful in predicting fiber wear behavior under various conditions. A simple model developed using dimensional analysis shows that the fiber durability is related to a dimensionless parameter which represents the ratio of the fiber strength to the fiber stresses imposed by sliding.

Dellacorte, Christopher↗

NASA NTRS1992

Relative sliding durability of two candidate high temperature oxide fiber seal materials

A test program to determine the relative sliding durability of two candidate ceramic fibers for high temperature sliding seal applications is described. Pin on disk tests were used to evaluate potential seal materials. Friction during the tests and fiber wear, indicated by the extent of fibers broken in a test bundle or yarn, was measured at the end of a test. In general, friction and wear increase with test temperature. This may be due to a reduction in fiber strength, a change in the surface chemistry at the fiber/counterface interface due to oxidation, adsorption and/or desorption of surface species and, to a lesser extent, an increase in counterface surface roughness due to oxidation at elevated temperatures. The relative fiber durability correlates with tensile strength indicating that tensile data, which is more readily available than sliding durability data, may be useful in predicting fiber wear behavior under various conditions. A simple model developed using dimensional analysis shows that the fiber durability is related to a dimensionless parameter which represents the ratio of the fiber strength to the fiber stresses imposed by sliding.

Dellacorte, Christopher↗

NASA NTRS2001

Chemical and Flowfield Modeling for Enhanced Analysis of Contamination Experiments

This paper describes the application of a new Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) code, the Molecular Beam Simulator (MBS), which is designed to analyze laboratory scale molecular beam-surface (and crossed-beam) experiments. The MBS is primarily intended to model experiments associated with spacecraft contamination effects, but it can also be used to simulate a variety of surface chemistry and reactive flow measurements. The MBS code is fully three-dimensional, includes a wide-range of chemical processes, and can model one or multiple pulsed (non-steady) sources. As an example application of the MBS code, a fast, pulsed, oxygen atom-surface experiment which examines the chemistry behind erosion of graphite by oxygen atoms is analyzed. Unsteady DSMC simulations show that experimental observations of excited molecular states after the pulse has hit the surface are consistent with two distinct chemical mechanisms: a direct one where the excited molecules are formed on the surface, and a two-step mechanism where ground state molecules formed on the surface are collisionally excited after they leave the surface by trailing oxygen atoms in the pulse. Further DSMC calculations suggest experiments which can distinguish between these mechanisms.

Braunstein, Matthew↗

DOE OSTI2025

Acidities of MgO surface sites: implications for the formation mechanism of Mg(OH) 2

The hydroxylation of periclase (MgO) to brucite (Mg(OH) 2 ) is thought to be an important intermediate step when using MgO to capture CO 2 from the atmosphere. However, the mechanism of hydroxylation of MgO to form Mg(OH) 2 is poorly understood. In this work, we used atomic-scale density functional tight binding simulations coupled with the metadynamics rare event method to analyze the surface chemistry of MgO and the acid dissociation equilibrium constants (pK a ) of its surface sites. The method and parameters were validated by calculating the pK a for hydroxylation of the first shell water bound to aqueous Mg 2+ ion. The pK a value derived using a probabilistic method was 12.3, which is in fair agreement with the accepted value of 11.4, with the difference between them equal to a ∼5 kJ mol −1 error in the calculations. We then extended these pK a calculations to probe the hydroxylation reactions of the surface sites of the MgO(100)–water interface, arriving at pK a s of 5.4 to deprotonate terminal water molecules bound to the surface magnesium sites (η-OH 2 or 〉MgOH 2 ), and 13.9 to deprotonate hydroxylated bridging oxygen sites (μ 5 -oxo or 〉O). Hydroxide (OH − ) adsorption on the surface was also probed and found to be less thermodynamically favorable than deprotonation of the terminal water molecule. The plausibility of the computed pK a s was verified using an activity-based speciation model and compared to pH measurements of water equilibrated with MgO nanoparticles and single crystals. The model predicted a solution pH of 7.1 when surface sites buffered and the pH of 12.0 when MgO dissolution dominated. These are close to the experimental initial solution pHs of 7–7.5 and the long term pHs of ∼10.5. The similarity suggests that the calculated pK a values from the DFTB+/metadynamics simulations are plausible and that these methods can be a useful tool to probe reaction mechanisms involving covalent bonds.

Adapa, Sai Krishna Reddy [Oak Ridge National Labor↗

DOE OSTI2023

Metallic Cu Surface Enables Reversible Na Metal Anodes and Stabilizes Anode-Free Sodium Metal Batteries

Anode free Na metal batteries are promising for future energy storage because they not only provide the highest energy densities but also eliminate the need of handling hazardous Na metals during battery manufacturing. However, they suffer from much faster degradation due to strong sensitivities even to trace levels of side reactions. In view of the crucial roles of surface chemistry on modulating electrochemical plating, this work systematically investigated a series of Cu surfaces for Na plating and stripping in the 1.0 M NaPF 6 diglyme electrolyte. Our results suggest that Na plating and stripping on pure Cu surface without Cu oxide species exhibits much better reversibility and smaller overpotentials across a wide range of current densities, especially for the first plating/stripping cycle. The high performance includes consistently higher than 99.8% Faradaic efficiencies, much more stable interfacial resistance, and negligible formation of mossy Na after 500 cycles. This improved performance can be explained based on the stronger Na-Cu affinity compared with the Na-CuO affinity. Anode-free Na metal batteries equipped with high-capacity sodium vanadium phosphate cathodes and pure Cu current collector exhibited at least 70% capacity retention for 100 cycles.

Electrochemistry↗

NASA NTRS1976

Study of Al with a combined Auger electron spectrometer-ellipsometer system

Auger electron spectroscopy and ellipsometry were applied in order to measure the optical constants and study the surface chemistry of vapor-deposited Al films and high-purity bulk Al surfaces in situ under vacuum. The optical constants measured were compared with the extinction coefficient computed by the free-electron theory. The contamination of the clean Al surface was in the form of a metal oxide film. Auger electron spectroscopic measurements were used to establish the relationship between the Auger peaks of O (513 eV) and aluminum oxide (53 eV) and changes in the measured optical phase and film thickness. The free path length of the Al Auger electrons (67 eV) in the oxide film was determined, and it was shown that the amplitude of these peaks is a linear function of film thickness down to 0.6 A.

Allen, T. H.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Chemistry of electronic ceramic materials. Proceedings of the International Conference on the Chemistry of Electronic Ceramic Materials

The conference was held at Jackson Hole, Wyoming from August 17 to 22, 1990, and in an attempt to maximize the development of this rapidly moving, multidisciplinary field, this conference brought together major national and international researchers to bridge the gap between those primarily interested in the pure chemistry of inorganic solids and those interested in the physical and electronic properties of ceramics. With the many major discoveries that have occurred over the last decade, one of the goals of this meeting was to evaluate the current understanding of the chemistry of electronic ceramic materials, and to assess the state of a field that has become one of the most important areas of advanced materials research. The topics covered include: crystal chemistry; dielectric ceramics; low temperature synthesis and characterization; solid state synthesis and characterization; surface chemistry; superconductors; theory and modeling.

Davies, P. K.↗