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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 343 records · Page 19
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Dynamic behavior of reversible oxygen migration in irradiated-annealed high temperature superconducting wires

Large-scale extrusion-based additive manufacturing of high-performance thermoplastic composites like fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is well-suited for tooling applications to lower manufacturing costs and lead times. Autoclave tooling requires good mechanical performance at temperatures even above the glass transition temperature (T g ). In this work, the authors have investigated a post-process isothermal annealing technique to improve the mechanical properties of various grades of carbon fiber reinforced PPS components printed on the Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) system. Since PPS is a semi-crystalline polymer, crystallinity can change during annealing and affect the mechanical properties of the part. In addition, isothermal annealing can also lead to solid-state structural changes in the form of thermal and oxidative branching and/or crosslinking reactions in some grades of PPS which can alter the crystallization process. This work reports the effect of annealing on dynamic mechanical properties of BAAM printed components, along with studies to determine the effect of annealing on crystallinity and the occurrence of oxidative reactions. Results showed that isothermal annealing at 250 °C for 18 h improved the storage modulus of all selected grades (neat and reinforced) of PPS at temperatures above T g . Annealing led to an overall increase in the degree of crystallinity, with secondary crystallization taking place. Although oxidative structural changes were observed to occur more on the surface of the PPS parts, they primarily influenced the size of crystals formed and did not significantly alter the degree of crystallinity at various regions within the sample.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

Computational modeling of charge hopping dynamics along a disordered one-dimensional wire with energy gradients in quantum environments

This computational study investigates the effects of energy gradients on charge hopping dynamics along a one-dimensional chain of discrete sites coupled to quantum bath, which is modeled at the level of Pauli master equation (PME). This study also assesses the performance of different approximations for the hopping rates. Three different methods for solving the PME, a fourth order Runge–Kutta method, numerical diagonalization of the rate matrix followed by analytic propagation, and kinetic Monte Carlo simulation method, are tested and confirmed to produce virtually identical values of time dependent mean square displacement, diffusion constant, and mobility. Five different rate expressions, exact numerical evaluation of Fermi’s Golden Rule (FGR) rate, stationary phase interpolation (SPI) approximation, semiclassical approximation, classical Marcus rate, and Miller–Abrahams rate, are tested to help understand the effects of approximations in representing quantum environments in the presence of energy gradients. The results based on direct numerical evaluation of FGR rate exhibit transition from diffusive to non-diffusive behavior with the increase in the gradient and show that the charge transport in the quantum bath is more sensitive to the magnitude of the gradient and the disorder than in the classical bath. Among all the four approximations for the hopping rates, the SPI approximation is confirmed to work best overall. A comparison of two different methods to calculate the mobility identifies drift motion of the population distribution as the major source of non-diffusive behavior and provides more reliable information on the contribution of quantum bath.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

High-temperature superconducting CORC ® wires with record-breaking axial tensile strain tolerance present a breakthrough for high-field magnets

Cuprate high-temperature superconductors (HTS), such as RE-Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7–δ (REBCO, RE = rare earth), (Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10–x and Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8–x , have enabled the development of high-field superconducting magnets capable of generating magnetic fields far exceeding 20 T. The brittle nature of HTS requires elaborate means to protect them against the high stresses and strains associated with high-field magnet operation, and so far, has prevented reliable high-field HTS magnets from becoming a reality. Here we report a more than tenfold increase in the irreversible strain limit under axial tension (epsilonirr) to over 7% in optimized high-current conductor on round core (CORC®) conductors, compared to the REBCO tapes from which the CORC® conductor is wound. Minimizing the tape winding pitch of the helical wind mechanically decouples the brittle REBCO film from the overall conductor. The REBCO tapes behave as springs, limiting the rate at which applied strain is transferred to the ceramic film. In addition, high-strength alloy cores allow the critical stress (ϵ crit ) under axial tension at which initial degradation of CORC® conductors occurs to exceed 600 MPa, making them one of the strongest superconductors available. Mechanically decoupling the ceramic REBCO films from the overall CORC® conductor allows effective protection against the high operating stresses in high-field magnets. Furthermore, this breakthrough presents a monumental shift for HTS magnet technology, bringing reliable high-field superconducting magnets for compact fusion machines, the next generation of particle accelerators, and 40–60 T research solenoids within reach.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2026

Majorana Edge Modes in Isolated Wires

Topological superconductors are believed to host exotic quasiparticle excitations known as Majorana zero modes (MZMs), with much of the evidence based on BCS mean-field theory. The direct application of mean-field arguments is tenuous in finite, isolated systems relevant in some experiments. Here, we develop a new correlation-based method for identifying MZMs in interacting, number-conserving systems. Using the density matrix renormalization group, we study fermion number-conserving models with long-range interactions, which under periodic boundary conditions exhibit robust topological and nontopological superconductivity, tuned by the strength of interaction [Ortiz et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 267002 (2014)]. We find evidence that, on the topological side, Majorana edge modes appear in open chains, manifesting as the vanishing of the energy splitting between odd- and even-parity ground states with increasing system size. Additionally, off-diagonal two-point correlation functions show nonlocal, parity-dependent edge effects. These correlations reveal the spatial structure of Majorana modes in the many-body wave function. We show that the correlation diagnostic applies broadly, including to short-range interacting models, where topological superconductivity is more fragile due to the absence of a bulk excitation gap.

Thomas-Markarian, Jaden↗