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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
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NASA NTRS1995

STS-73 Flight Day 12

On this twelfth day of the STS-73 sixteen day mission, the crew Cmdr. Kenneth Bowersox, Pilot Kent Rominger, Payload Specialists Albert Sacco and Fred Leslie, and Mission Specialists Kathryn Thornton, Catherine 'Cady' Coleman, and Michael Lopez-Alegria are shown performing several of the spaceborne experiments onboard the United States Microgravity Lab-2 (USML-2). The experiments shown included the Drop Physics Module (DPM) experiment, the Surface Tension Driven Convection Experiment (STDCE), and the Astroculture (tm)(ASC) demonstration. Rominger was interviewed by a Colorado radio news show and asked questions about the mission and living in space. Earth views included cloud cover.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1995

STS-73 Flight Day 13

On this thirteenth day of the STS-73 sixteen day mission, the crew Cmdr. Kenneth Bowersox, Pilot Kent Rominger, Payload Specialists Albert Sacco and Fred Leslie, and Mission Specialists Kathryn Thornton, Catherine 'Cady' Coleman, and Michael Lopez-Alegria are shown performing several of the spaceborne experiments onboard the United States Microgravity Lab-2 (USML-2). The experiments shown included the Drop Physics Module (DPM) experiment, human physiological experiments, and a Crystal Gel experiment.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1995

STS-73 Flight Day 14

On this fourteenth day of the STS-73 sixteen day mission, the crew Cmdr. Kenneth Bowersox, Pilot Kent Rominger, Payload Specialists Albert Sacco and Fred Leslie, and Mission Specialists Kathryn Thornton, Catherine 'Cady' Coleman, and Michael Lopez-Alegria are shown performing several of the spaceborne experiments onboard the United States Microgravity Lab-2 (USML-2). The experiments shown include the Drop Physics Module (DPM) experiment, the Surface Tension Driven Convection Experiment (STDCE), the Geophysical Fluid Flow Cell (GFFC) experiment, and an experiment on fuel combustion and combustion products. Bowersox, Sacco, Thornton, and Rominger (the red team) were interviewed by high school students from Worcester, Massachusetts, who asked questions regarding the mission's experiments and general questions about living in space. Earth views included a black and white image of the Earth's atmospheric boundary layers.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1995

STS-73 Flight Day 15

On this fifteenth day of the STS-73 sixteen day mission, the crew Cmdr. Kenneth Bowersox, Pilot Kent Rominger, Payload Specialists Albert Sacco and Fred Leslie, and Mission Specialists Kathryn Thornton, Catherine 'Cady' Coleman, and Michael Lopez-Alegria are shown hosting an in-orbit interview with various newspaper reporters from Johnson Space Center, Kennedy Space Center, and Marshall Space Flight Center via satellite hookup. The astronauts were asked questions regarding the status of the United States Microgravity Lab-2 (USML-2) experiments, their personal goals regarding their involvement in the mission, their future in the space program, and general questions about living in space. Earth views included cloud cover and a tropical storm.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1995

STS-73 Flight Day 16

On this last day of the STS-73 sixteen day mission, the crew Cmdr. Kenneth Bowersox, Pilot Kent Rominger, Payload Specialists Albert Sacco and Fred Leslie, and Mission Specialists Kathryn Thornton, Catherine 'Cady' Coleman, and Michael Lopez-Alegria are shown preparing the United States Microgravity Lab-2 (USML-2) and the shuttle for return to Earth. There is footage of the shuttle from the robot arm cameras and of Earth. Earth views include cloud cover, various land masses, mountain ranges, and oceans.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1995

STS-73 Post Flight Presentation

The post flight presentation of the STS-73 Space Shuttle's United States Microgravity Lab. (USML) mission was presented by the flight crew, Cmdr. Kenneth Bowersox, Pilot Kent Rominger, Payload Specialists Albert Sacco and Fred Gregory, and Mission Specialists Kathryn Thornton, Catherine 'Cady' Collman, and Michael Lopez-Alegria, using color video and slides. Film footage includes the prelaunch and launch activities, the USML and Middeck experiments (Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility (APCF), the Astroculture(tm) (ASC) hardware and experiment, the Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (CGBA), the Crystal Growth Furnace (CGF), the Drop Physics Module (DPM), the Geophysical Fluid Flow Cell (GFFC), the Glovebox (GBX), the Zeolite Crystal Growth (ZCG) experiment, the Surface Tension Driven Convection Experiment (STDCE), the Protein Crystal Growth (PCG) experiment, three Measuring Microgravity experiments (the Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS), the Three Dimensional Microgravity Accelerometer (3DMA), and the Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment (OARE)), and the High-Packed Digital Television (HI-PAC) demonstration system), pre-return flight systems checkout, reentry, and space shuttle landing. The USML experiments were monitored via the HI-PAC system downlink. Earth views included mostly geographical locations (Mediterranean Sea; Turkey; Lake Powell, Arizona/Utah area; San Francisco Bay; Baltimore, Maryland; Washington, DC; India; Tibet; China; Bhutan; Philadelphia; and the Himalayas).

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1997

Effects of Experiment Location and Orbiter Attitude on the Residual Acceleration On-Board STS-73 (USML-2)

A knowledge of the quasi-steady acceleration environment on the NASA Space Shuttle Orbiter is of particular importance for materials processing experiments which are limited by slow diffusive processes. The quasi-steady (less than 1 HZ) acceleration environment on STS-73 (USML-2) was measured using the Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment (OARE) accelerometer. One of the facilities flown on USML-2 was the Crystal Growth Furnace (CGF), which was used by several Principal Investigators (PIS) to grow crystals. In this paper the OARE data mapped to the sample melt location within this furnace is presented. The ratio of the axial to radial components of the quasi-steady acceleration at the melt site is presented. Effects of Orbiter attitude on the acceleration data is discussed.

Hakimzadeh, Roshanak↗
NASA NTRS1973

New sensor on NOAA-2 satellite monitors the 1972-73 Great Lakes ice season

The NOAA-2 satellite was launched Oct. 15, 1972 in a 790 nautical mile-high near-polar sun-synchronous orbit. The Very High Resolution Radiometer (VHRR) views earth in both the visible and thermal-IR regions of the electromagnetic spectrum at 1-kilometer resolution. Its orbit permits the satellite to acquire imagery on a daily basis over any given location at approximately 0900 and 2100 local time. Visible data at 1-kilometer resolution represents a 16-fold increase in data density over previous NOAA satellite capabilities. Thermal data are now available over an area at 100 times the previous NOAA-1 thermal data density. Following the onset of ice formation in Lake Erie early in January, ice buildup and thaw were observed as cloud cover permitted throughout the short winter season.

Strong, A. E.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Stratospheric warmings in the Southern Hemisphere deduced from satellite radiation data, 1969-73

The investigation is largely based on radiation data from the vertical temperature profile radiometers on the satellite NOAA 2. The physical-statistical interpretation of the radiance data is considered. Aspects regarding the nonuniqueness of the minor warming in August 1973 are discussed. It is pointed out that conditions leading to major warmings in the Northern Hemisphere were not satisfied in the Southern Hemisphere during the period from 1969 to 1973.

Quiroz, R. S.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Selected satellite data on snow and ice in the Great Lakes basin 1972-73 /IFYGL/

Three snow-extent maps of the Lake Ontario drainage basin were prepared from NOAA-2 satellite visible band images during the International Field Year for the Great Lakes. These maps are discussed and the satellite data are evaluated for snow-extent mapping. The value of ERTS-1 imagery and digital data is also discussed in relation to the Lake Ontario basin studies. ERTS-1 MSS data are excellent for ice identification and analysis but are not useful for forecasting where timely receipt of data is imperative. NOAA-2 VHRR data are timely but the lower resolution of the VHRR makes identification of certain ice features difficult. NOAA-2 VHRR is well suited for snow-extent maps and thermal maps of large areas such as the 19,000 sq-km Lake Ontario basin.

Wiesnet, D. R.↗
NASA NTRS1982

The hard X-ray flux from gamma Cassiopeiae during 1970-73

X-ray observations are presented of the Be star Gamma Cas obtained with the Uhuru satellite between December 27, 1970, and February 15, 1973. Though variable, the X-ray source (MX 0053+60) persisted throughout the life-time of the Uhuru satellite, with an average daily flux (2-6 keV) of 4.1 counts/s or 4.0 x 10 to the 32nd ergs/s if the star is at a distance of 220 pc. Variations on time scales of months, days, and hours were observed, but a pulsation period was not found. An analysis is made of the continuous X-ray spectrum, and the X-ray flux and its behavior during the early 1970s are compared with more recent observations from the SAS-3, Copernicus, HEAO-1, and Einstein satellites.

Peters, G.↗
NASA NTRS1986

A mechanical property and stress corrosion evaluation of VIM-ESR-VAR work strengthened and direct double aged Inconel 718 bar material

Presented are the mechanical properties and the stress corrosion resistance of triple melted vacuum induction melted (VIM), electro-slag remelted (ESR), and vacuum arc remelted (VAR), solution treated, work strengthened and direct double aged Inconel 718 alloy bars 4.00 in. (10.16) and 5.75 in. (14.60 cm) diameter. Tensile, charpy v-notched impact, and compact tension specimens were tested at ambient temperature in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. Longitudinal tensile and yield strengths in excess of 220 ksi (1516.85 MPa) and 200 ksi (1378.00 MPa) respectively, were realized at ambient temperature. Additional charpy impact and compact tension tests were performed at -100 F (-73 C). Longitudinal charpy impact strength equalled or exceeded 12.0 ft-lbs (16.3 Joules) at ambient and at -100 F(-73 C) while longitudinal compact (LC) tension fracture toughness strength remained above 79 ksi (86.80 MPa) at ambient and at -100 F(-73 C) temperatures. No failures occurred in the longitudinal or transverse tensile specimens stressed to 75 and 100 percent of their respective yield strengths and exposed to a salt fog environment for 180 days. Tensile tests performed after the stress corrosion test indicated no mechanical property degradation.

Montano, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Reflectance of vegetation, soil, and water

The author has identified the following significant results. Bands 4, 5, and 7 and 5, 6, and 7 were best for distinguishing among crop and soil categories in ERTS-1 SCENES 1182-16322 (1-21-73) and 1308-16323 (5-21-73) respectively. Chlorotic sorghum areas 2.8 acres or larger in size were identified on a computer printout of band 5 data. Reflectance of crop residues was more often different from bare soil in band 4 than in bands 5, 6, and 7. Simultaneously acquired aircraft and spacecraft MSS data indicated that spacecraft surveys are as reliable as aircraft surveys. ERTS-1 data were successfully used to estimate acreage of citrus, cotton, and sorghum as well as idle crop land.

Wiegand, C. L.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Rainfall estimation from ESMIR-5 measurements and application to El Nino

An algorithm to estimate monthly 5 deg x 5 deg area-averaged rain rate over the oceans from January 1973 to December 1976 using single-channel microwave data from the Nimbus-5 satellite has been developed. This study extends the work of Shin et al. by including the full width of scan angles (from -50 deg to 50 deg) in order to reduce sampling error. The scan-angle dependence of the estimated rain rate due to variable antenna sidelobe effects, surface emissivity, and propagation pathlength is eliminated using a statistical method. A globally uniform beam-filling correction factor of 2.2 is applied in this study. Comparison with island station rainfall measurements over the Pacific shows a remarkably high correlation between two data in the equatorial dry zone and South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ) but a low correlation in the extratropics and equatorial western Pacific. It is also proved that the retrieved rain rates are statistically significant. The rainfall deviations from non-El Nino years April 1973 to December 1975 reveal the temporal and spatial variations produced by the 1972-73 and 1976-77 El Nino episodes. We observe an increase of rainfall over the eastern and central equatorial Pacific Ocean and a decrease over the equatorial western Pacific Ocean and eastern Australia during these events. Consistent with previous work, the rainfall anomaly of the 1972-73 El Nino was much stronger than that of the 1976-77 El Nino.

Lim, Hyo-Suk↗
NASA NTRS1996

Composite Panel Postbuckling Behavior and General Model of Joints in Composite Structures

The present paper is a final technical report on the research programme NCCW-73 accomplished within co-operation between NASA of the USA and GOSKOMOBORONPROM of Russia in the field of aeronautics. The report contains basic results of studies in two areas, 'Analysis of postbuckling behavior of composite panels' and 'Development of general model of joints in composite structures'; these results were obtained in conformity with requirements of NCCW-73. In addition, consideration is given to some related issues, and proposals for further studies are formulated.

Zamula, G. N.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Ultrastructure of potato tubers formed in microgravity under controlled environmental conditions

Previous spaceflight reports attribute changes in plant ultrastructure to microgravity, but it was thought that the changes might result from growth in uncontrolled environments during spaceflight. To test this possibility, potato explants were examined (a leaf, axillary bud, and small stem segment) grown in the ASTROCULTURETM plant growth unit, which provided a controlled environment. During the 16 d flight of space shuttle Columbia (STS-73), the axillary bud of each explant developed into a mature tuber. Upon return to Earth, tuber slices were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Results showed that the cell ultrastructure of flight-grown tubers could not be distinguished from that of tuber cells grown in the same growth unit on the ground. No differences were observed in cellular features such as protein crystals, plastids with starch grains, mitochondria, rough ER, or plasmodesmata. Cell wall structure, including underlying microtubules, was typical of ground-grown plants. Because cell walls of tubers formed in space were not required to provide support against the force due to gravity, it was hypothesized that these walls might exhibit differences in wall components as compared with walls formed in Earth-grown tubers. Wall components were immunolocalized at the TEM level using monoclonal antibodies JIM 5 and JIM 7, which recognize epitopes of pectins, molecules thought to contribute to wall rigidity and cell adhesion. No difference in presence, abundance or distribution of these pectin epitopes was seen between space- and Earth-grown tubers. This evidence indicates that for the parameters studied, microgravity does not affect the cellular structure of plants grown under controlled environmental conditions.

Non-NASA Center↗
NASA NTRS1999

Gentamicin: effect on E. coli in space

Previous investigations have shown that liquid bacterial cultures grown in space flight were not killed as effectively by antibiotic treatments as were cultures grown on Earth. However, the cause for the decreased antibiotic effectiveness remains unknown. Possible explanations include modified cell proliferation and modified antibiotic transport in the culture medium. Escherichia coli cultures were grown in space flight (STS-69 and STS-73), with and without gentamicin, on a solid agar substrate thus eliminating fluid effects and reducing the unknowns associated with space-flight bacterial cultures in suspension. This research showed that E. coli cultures grown in flight on agar for 24 to 27 hours experienced a heightened growth compared to simultaneous controls. However, addition of gentamicin to the agar killed the bacteria such that both flight and ground control E. coli samples had similar final cell concentrations. Therefore, while the reported existence of a decrease in antibiotic effectiveness in liquid cultures remains unexplained, these data suggest that gentamicin in space flight was at least as effective as, if not more effective than, on Earth, when E. coli cells were grown on agar.

STS-69 Shuttle Project↗