On the inference of the physical properties of the Jovian atmosphere from photometry of eclipses of the Galilean satellites
Jupiter atmosphere physical properties inferred from photometry of Galilean satellite eclipses
Price, M. J.↗
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Spacelab to Space Station; Proceedings of the International Symposium on Spacelab 1 - Results, Implications and Perspectives, Naples and Capri, Italy, June 11-16, 1984
Consideration is given to the scientific objectives of the Spacelab program, a review of data obtained during the STS-9/Spacelab 1 mission on board the Shuttle, and the coordination of future Spacelab research among participating European nations. Among the specific fields of study covered by Spacelab 1 were space plasma physics, materials and fluid sciences and technology, astronomy and solar physics, and atmospheric physics and earth observations. Consideration is also given to the legal aspects of space manufacturing activities, the role of private industry in space-based manufacturing ventures, plant production and breeding in space, and the development of remote sensing systems for use in a microgravity environment.
Napolitano, L. G.↗
Research and technology
Activities of the Goddard Space Flight Center are described in the areas of planets and interplanetary media, comets, astronomy and high-energy physics, solar physics, atmospheres, terrestrial physics, ocean science, sensors and space technology, techniques, user space data systems, space communications and navigation, and system and software engineering. Flight projects and mission definition studies are presented, and institutional technology is described.
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Development and calibration of UV/VUV radiometric sources
A program exists at NIST to calibrate radiometric sources for the spectral range from 118-350 nm. These include deuterium lamps, hollow-cathode lamps, RF-excited dimer lamps, and wall-stabilized argon arcs. Sources have been calibrated for and used by researchers in solar physics, astrophysics, atmospheric physics (ozone measurements), magnetically controlled fusion, and photobiology. The argon arcs were developed in our laboratory, and provide intense sources of both radiance and irradiance. Calibrations are performed relative to two primary sources, a wall-stabilized hydrogen arc and a 12,000 K black-body line arc, both developed in our laboratory. Also we recently have begun periodic calibrations on the NIST storage ring, SURF II, to insure consistency between our respective radiometric bases. Various sources have been calibrated for space' applications, including several which are flyable. Also, some development and testing of radiometers for semiconductor lithography were recently carried out with an intense argon arc source.
Bridges, J. M.↗
Phase B-final definition and preliminary design study for the initial Atmospheric Cloud Physics Laboratory (ACPL). A spacelab mission payload
Progress in the development of the Atmospheric Cloud Physics Laboratory is outlined. The fluid subsystem, aerosol generator, expansion chamber, optical system, control systems, and software are included.
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Feasibility study of a zero-gravity (orbital) atmospheric cloud physics experiments laboratory
A feasibility and concepts study for a zero-gravity (orbital) atmospheric cloud physics experiment laboratory is discussed. The primary objective was to define a set of cloud physics experiments which will benefit from the near zero-gravity environment of an orbiting spacecraft, identify merits of this environment relative to those of groundbased laboratory facilities, and identify conceptual approaches for the accomplishment of the experiments in an orbiting spacecraft. Solicitation, classification and review of cloud physics experiments for which the advantages of a near zero-gravity environment are evident are described. Identification of experiments for potential early flight opportunities is provided. Several significant accomplishments achieved during the course of this study are presented.
Hollinden, A. B.↗
Atmospheric Cloud Physics Laboratory thermal control
The paper presents the development background and the present status of the Atmospheric Cloud Physics Laboratory (ACPL) thermal control capability. The ACPL, a Spacelab payload, is currently in the initial flight hardware development phase for a first flight scheduled in June 1981. The ACPL is intended as a facility for conducting a wide variety of cloud microphysics experimentation under zero gravity conditions. The cloud chambers, which are key elements of the ACPL, have stringent thermal requirements. Thus the expansion chamber inner walls must be uniform to within + or - 0.1 C during both steady-state and transient operation over a temperature range of +30 to -25 C. Design progression of the expansion chamber, from early in-house NASA-MSFC concepts (including test results of a prototype chamber) to a thermal control concept currently under development, is discussed.
Moses, J. L.↗
Phase B: Final definition and preliminary design study for the initial Atmospheric Cloud Physics Laboratory (ACPL): A spacelab mission payload. Final review (DR-MA-03)
Systems design for an initial atmospheric cloud physics laboratory to study microphysical processes in zero gravity is presented. Included are descriptions of the fluid, thermal, mechanical, control and data, and electrical distribution interfaces with Spacelab. Schedule and cost analysis are discussed.
Clausen, O. W.↗
Approximate methods for finding CO2 15-micron band transmission in planetary atmospheres
Physical band models that use simplifying assumptions about the structure of the CO2 15-micron band are described and compared with the accurate line-by-line model of Fels and Schwarzkopf (1981). The methods have application to the models of the atmospheres of Venus, earth, and Mars. The narrow-band methods include a general random model and techniques employing the Malkmus (1967) line-strength distribution, and the accuracy of these models at low pressure is found to be sensitive to the line-strength distribution and the line shape. When combined with a simple Voigt parameterization, the more efficient approximate methods represented by an exponential wideband model are found to be almost as accurate as the expensive narrow-band models. Empirical logarithmic wideband models used in climate-modeling studies are found to be very efficient, but of limited range of validity.
Crisp, David↗
Final definition and preliminary design study for the initial atmospheric cloud physics laboratory, a Spacelab mission payload
The following areas related to the final definition and preliminary design study of the initial atmospheric cloud physics laboratory (ACPL) were covered: (1) proposal organization, personnel, schedule, and project management, (2) proposed configurations, (3) study objectives, (4) ACPL experiment program listing and description, (5) mission/flight flexibility and modularity/commonality, (6) study plan, and (7) description of following tasks: requirement analysis and definition task flow, systems analysis and trade studies, subsystem analysis and trade studies, specifications and interface control documents, preliminary design task flow, work breakdown structure, programmatic analysis and planning, and project costs. Finally, an overview of the scientific requirements was presented.
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Atmospheric Cloud Physics Laboratory. Requirements review presentation
An outline is presented of the study task flow and progress is identified in development of the atmospheric cloud physics laboratory.
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Phase B: Final definition and preliminary design study for the initial Atmospheric Cloud Physics Laboratory (ACPL), a spacelab mission payload
A preliminary identification of the Supporting Research and Technology (SR&T) necessary during the planned evolution of atmospheric cloud physics is discussed. All requirements are for subsequent flights over its expected ten year lifetime. Those components identified as requiring some SR&T work prior to inclusion are listed. A data sheet is included for each item, briefly justifying the need, giving general objectives for the proposed development effort and identifying approximate schedule requirements on the program.
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The formation of the lyman continuum isothermal atmosphere.
Physical processes controlling formation of Lyman continuum of Sun
SOLAR SPECTRUM↗
Phase B - final definition and preliminary design study for the initial Atmospheric Cloud Physics Laboratory (ACPL): A spacelab mission payload. Work breakdown structure for phase C/D DR-MA-06 (preliminary issue)
The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and Dictionary (DR-MA-06) for initial and subsequent flights of the Atmospheric Cloud Physics Laboratory (ACPL) is presented. An attempt is made to identify specific equipment and components in each of the eleven subsystems; they are listed under the appropriate subdivisions of the WBS. The reader is cautioned that some of these components are likely to change substantially during the course of the study, and the list provided should only be considered representative.
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An Atmospheric Cloud Physics Laboratory for the Space Laboratory
Results of research and engineering analyses to date show that it is feasible to develop and fly on the first Spacelab mission a multipurpose laboratory in which experiments can be performed on the microphysical processes in atmospheric clouds. The paper presents a series of tables on the Atmospheric Cloud Physics Laboratory, with attention given to experiment classes, the preliminary equipment list (particle generators, optical and imaging devices, particle detectors and characterizers, etc.), initial equipment (scientific equipment subsystems and flight support subsystems), and scientific functional requirements (the expansion chamber, the continuous flow diffusion chamber, the static diffusion chamber, the humidifier, and particle generators).
Smith, R.↗
Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences physical retrieval system for remote determination of weather and climate parameter from HIRS2 and MSU observations
At the Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences (GLAS) a physically based satellite temperature sounding retrieval system, involving the simultaneous analysis of HIRS2 and MSU sounding data, was developed for determining atmospheric and surface conditions which are consistent with the observed radiances. In addition to determining accurate atmospheric temperature profiles even in the presence of cloud contamination, the system provides global estimates of day and night sea or land surface temperatures, snow and ice cover, and parameters related to cloud cover. Details of the system are described elsewhere. A brief overview of the system is presented, as well as recent improvements and previously unpublished results, relating to the sea-surface intercomparison workshop, the diurnal variation of ground temperatures, and forecast impact tests.
Susskind, J.↗
Atmospheric cloud physics laboratory project study
Engineering studies were performed for the Zero-G Cloud Physics Experiment liquid cooling and air pressure control systems. A total of four concepts for the liquid cooling system was evaluated, two of which were found to closely approach the systems requirements. Thermal insulation requirements, system hardware, and control sensor locations were established. The reservoir sizes and initial temperatures were defined as well as system power requirements. In the study of the pressure control system, fluid analyses by the Atmospheric Cloud Physics Laboratory were performed to determine flow characteristics of various orifice sizes, vacuum pump adequacy, and control systems performance. System parameters predicted in these analyses as a function of time include the following for various orifice sizes: (1) chamber and vacuum pump mass flow rates, (2) the number of valve openings or closures, (3) the maximum cloud chamber pressure deviation from the allowable, and (4) cloud chamber and accumulator pressure.
Schultz, W. E.↗
Solar-terrestrial research in the Shuttle age
Some ideas concerning solar-terrestrial research during the anticipated Shuttle era are outlined. The scientific objectives of research in the areas of solar physics, physics of the heliosphere, terrestrial magnetospheric and ionospheric physics, and terrestrial atmospheric physics, are discussed. Some typical Shuttle-borne experiments are considered including the monitoring of solar output, the detection of magnetospheric and ionospheric changes, and the detection of lower-atmospheric responses.
Wu, S. T.↗