Analysis of crew performance in the Apollo command module, phase I. Volume II - Appendix
Analysis of crew performance in Apollo command module
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Analysis of crew performance in Apollo command module
Apollo command module radar cross section decrease due to reentry plasma effects
Apollo rendezvous with command module active for rescue of lunar module
Due to mass constraints, the Orion Command Module landing attention system requires that the capsule be oriented in a specific direction with respect to the horizontal surface-relative velocity (Heading) at touchdown in order to keep crew and vehicle loads within specifications. These constraints apply to both land and water landings. In fact, water landings are even more constrained with the addition of impact angle requirements necessary to slice through the water. There are two primary challenges with achieving this touchdown orientation: 1. Navigation knowledge of velocity (needed to determine Heading) with and without GPS, including the effects of the Heading angle itself becoming undefined as horizontal velocity decreases, and 2. Controlling to the desired orientation in the presences of chute torque and wind gusts that may change the Heading just prior to touchdown. This paper will discuss the design and performance of the current Orion navigation and control system used to achieve the desired orientation at touchdown.
Dynamic stability of Apollo command module with and without drogue parachutes at low subsonic speeds in spin tunnel
Radar cross section decrease of Apollo command module due to reentry plasma sheath effects
Apollo Command Module aerodynamics at reentry altitudes simulated by models in hypersonic flow
Two-gas environmental control for Apollo command module
The flammability test program for Apollo command module and lunar module mockups is described. The fire safety design of the modules was verified by performing deliberate ignitions at many locations while the interior atmosphere was controlled to simulate realistic flight conditions. The data obtained for each test and restrictions on various materials are discussed.
Model tests for determination of structural response of Apollo command module to water impact
Wind tunnel pressure signatures measured at Mach 10.1 for model of the Apollo Command Module and at Mach numbers from 3.01 to 7.91 for two models of the Saturn launch configuration are presented. The signatures for the command module were obtained at roll angles ranging from 0 deg to 180 deg. A brief discussion of the extrapolation of strong pressure signatures is included in the report.
Protuberances, cavities, and angle of attack effect on wind tunnel pressure and heat transfer distribution for Apollo command module
Shock tunnel preflight assessment of Apollo Block 2 command module base heating
Various phases of the postflight testing of the command modules used in the Apollo Program are presented. The specific tasks to be accomplished by the task force recovery teams, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, (formerly the Manned Spacecraft Center) and the cognizant contractors/subcontractors are outlined. The means and methods used in postflight testing and how such activities evolved during the Apollo Program and were tailored to meet specific test requirements are described. Action taken to resolve or minimize problems or anomalies discovered during the flight, the postflight test phase, or mission evaluation is discussed.
Wind tunnel study of aerodynamic pressures on Apollo command module configuration
Evaluation of postlanding interface between crew and command module
Crew egress procedures for Apollo block 1 command module at sea
Computerized mathematical analysis for dynamic behavior prediction of Apollo command module during earth landing