The radius of existence of C2 and C3 molecules in comets
Radius of existence of carbon molecules in field of photon and corpuscular radiation of sun
PHOTON↗
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Probe and geiger counter rocket measurements of a minor d-region event.
D region electron density profiles and corpuscular radiation measured by DC probe and Geiger counter
IONOSPHERIC ELECTRON DENSITY↗
Magnetic fields and solar wind
Solar corpuscular radiation interaction with geomagnetic field - solar wind, interplanetary magnetic fields, magnetosphere boundary, and solar wind heating and sudden pressure changes
INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD↗
Time-Dependent Structure of the Upper Atmosphere
The physical properties of the upper atmosphere are determined mainly by heat conduction, the heat sources and the barometric law. An analysis of the integro-differential equation which describes these physical processes has been carried out. It is found that heating of the thermosphere due to absorption of the solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation alone cannot explain the observed diurnal variation of density and temperature, since it would yield a maximum of these properties at about 17h local time, instead of 14h where it is observed. Secondly, if the EUV flux is adjusted to give the observed average temperature, then the diurnal variation in density would be much too large compared with the observed amplitude. Thirdly, it would require an extremely high efficiency for the conversion of EUV radiation into heat, if we compare the required flux with Hinteregger's measurements of the EUV flux. Thus, it is necessary to have another heat source in addition to the heating due to absorption of EUV radiation. If an additional beat source is used, which has a maximum at about 9h local time and a flux of 1 erg cm−1 sec−1, a time-dependent model of the upper atmosphere is obtained that is in good agreement with the observed densities. There is evidence that this additional heat source derives its energy ultimately from the solar corpuscular radiation. In this paper we present the results of calculations for a model in the equatorial and temperature zones of the earth, for those times when the average solar activity corresponds to a solar radiation flux of 200×110−22 Wm−2 (cps)−1 at 10.7-cm wavelength. The physical properties (temperature, density, pressure, scale height, mean molecular weight and the number densities of N2, O2, O, He and H) are given as a function of local time and for the altitudes between 120 km and 2050 km.
ATMOSPHERE↗
The boundary region of the geomagnetic field.
Survey of geomagnetic field boundary data obtained from magnetic field, energetic corpuscular radiation and plasma measurements
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD↗
Ionosphere
Electron density and temperature, ion composition and density, and effects of solar corpuscular radiation in ionosphere - satellite drag measurements
ELECTRON TEMPERATURE↗
Measurement of scattered l alpha-emission of the sun in the upper atmosphere of the earth from 1000 to 3500 km
Soviet vertical space probe measurements of solar corpuscular radiation between 1000 and 3500 km
Sheffer, E. K.↗
The maintenance of the night ionosphere.
Night ionosphere electron content changes in Southern Hemisphere, discussing diffusion from exosphere and corpuscular radiation as sources of ionization
Titheridge, J. E.↗
Research in space physics
Corpuscular radiation in outerspace determined by radiation detector data from aerospace vehicles
Van Allen, J. A.↗
Mixing of the lunar regolith and cosmic ray spectra - Evidence from particle-track studies
Apollo 11 bulk and core tube fines and rock cosmic ray tracks, discussing material history and corpuscular radiation flux and energy spectra near moon
Arrhenius, G.↗
Solar-terrestrial physics.
The work is concerned with solar influences on the earth's upper atmosphere and electromagnetic environment partly through solar ultraviolet and X rays, but particularly through corpuscular radiations. The sun and interplanetary space, the internal structure and magnetic field of the earth, the terrestrial atmosphere and photochemistry, and the dynamics of the upper atmosphere and dynamo action are considered. The formation of the magnetosphere, energetic particles, plasma, and electromagnetic waves in the magnetosphere, solar storms and their extension into interplanetary space, and magnetospheric storms are treated.
Akasofu, S.-I.↗
Lunakhod-2: Preliminary research results
Results from the Lunakhod 2 experiment on the surface property variations and relief structure of lunar craters are presented. Tectonic fractures, iron composition of lunar rocks, magnetic measurements, lunar sky brightness, and corpuscular radiation of the lunar body were studied.
Vinogradov, A. P.↗
Results of measurement of the night corpuscular flux on the MR-12 rockets in the JASPIC project (Soviet part of the program)
In June 1978, a joint Soviet-American project (JASPIC) was conducted, the goals of which were: (1) the study of the flows of spilling electrons which act upon the middle-latitude ionosphere under nocturnal conditions (nocturnal corpuscular source of ionization); and (2) the mutual comparison of procedures for recording corpuscular radiations in the upper atmosphere, using meteorological and geophysical rockets.
Avdyushin, S. I.↗
An experimental search for causal mechanisms in sun/weather-climatic relationships
The paper presents a description of and preliminary results from an ongoing program designed to study mesospheric and stratospheric responses to specific corpuscular radiations induced by solar activity. Satellite data are used to map correlations between O3 variability and high-latitude energetic phenomena. Two rocket/balloon programs have already been conducted to measure local changes of O3 and electrical parameters in situ, while simultaneously studying the parent electron distributions responsible for the incoming radiations. Plans for mapping the global input of electron precipitation events from the Spacelab are also discussed.
Goldberg, R. A.↗
Auroral X-ray detection from rocket overflights
Remote sensing of auroral X-rays from the topside can provide both local and global information concerning X-ray and energetic particle deposition within the middle atmosphere. Usually, contamination of X-ray detectors by corpuscular radiation can severely affect the scope and accuracy of the measurement. Preliminary results obtained with a rocket-borne instrument designed to operate cleanly in a precipitating particle environment are reported. Two dimensional images of the atmospheric bremsstrahlung X-ray sources were also constructed from the detector scan produced by payload translation and coning.
Goldberg, A.↗
Electrical coupling between the lower atmosphere and the ionosphere
The evidence for interactions between the ionosphere and troposphere is reviewed as a first step in establishing the role of electrical coupling between two regions. Upward processes appear to include the transfer of energy through gravity waves, or through the transmittance of VLF radio waves induced by lightning. In each case, the excitation of the upper atmosphere by tropospheric sources can stimulate feedback processes returning to the troposphere. Downward coupling involves changes in the global and local electrical structure of the atmosphere, and is often induced by solar activity. These effects are more direct and may possibly bypass the stratosphere. The responses in the atmospheric circuit to local changes are nearly instantaneous, and therefore are looked on with promise for possible influences on weather systems. Emerging experimental evidence indicates that atmospheric electric fields, especially at high latitudes and in the upper atmosphere, are responsive to solar and geomagnetic phenomena. Corpuscular radiations are known to strongly enhance the local atmospheric electrical conductivity and ionizations at stratospheric and mesospheric altitudes. Theories postulate that the electric field perturbations regulated by solar activity may be responsibile for the observed statistical correlations between solar activity and thunderstorms.
Goldberg, R. A.↗
Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 11th, Houston, TX, March 17-21, 1980, Proceedings. Volume 2 - Meteorite and regolith studies
Topics discussed include studies of chondrites, mesosiderites, and achondrites; isotope modeling; Antarctic weathering; irradiation effects; lunar regolith studies; the Apollo 17 drill core; soils and agglutinates; and volatiles. Particular attention is given to the proportional retention of I and Xe-129 in preheated Allende, olivine clasts from mesosiderites and howardites as clues to the nature of achondritic parent bodies, a record of solar corpuscular radiation in minerals from lunar soils, the experimental shock metamorphism of lunar soil, and the clouding of pyroxene and plagioclase in eucrites.
Merrill, R. B.↗
High intensity surge and seasonal effects in the dark current of the Nimbus-4 BUV experiment
Seasonal global maps of the dark current produced by corpuscular radiation contributing to the background level of the Nimbus-4 Backscattered Ultraviolet (BUV) instrument were developed, using BUV monochrometer nighttime data in the pulse counting mode during solar and magnetically quiet periods. The existence of high intensity surges has been discovered which occur on a sporadic basis and which cause sufficient enhancements of dark current within the subauroral regions to produce background levels similar to those within the South Atlantic anomaly. Examples are provided of the nominal quiet dark current intensity maps, and the variability and implications of the surge data are discussed.
Stassinopoulos, E. G.↗