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DOE OSTI2022

State-Specific Prevalence of Inactivity, Self-Rated Health Status, and Severe Joint Pain Among Adults With Arthritis — United States, 2019

Arthritis is associated with joint pain, disability, and physical inactivity, potentially resulting in poor quality of life. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention analyzed 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data to estimate state-specific arthritis prevalence and, among adults with arthritis, the prevalence of physical inactivity, fair/poor self-rated health status, and severe joint pain. Among adults with arthritis, age-standardized prevalences of physical inactivity, fair/poor health status, and severe joint pain were high in all states and highest in southeastern states. Increased promotion and use of evidence-based public health interventions for arthritis may improve health-promoting behaviors and health outcomes among adults with arthritis.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2022

Status of ORNL TSL evaluations [Slides]

This presentation is on the status of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Thermal Scattering Evaluation (TSL) evaluations. A focus of this presentation centers on the preliminary work on Teflon and Polyethylene evaluation validation.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2021

In-Home Mobility Frequency and Stability in Older Adults Living Alone With or Without MCI: Introduction of New Metrics

Background: Older adults spend a considerable amount of time inside their residences; however, most research investigates out-of-home mobility and its health correlates. We measured indoor mobility using room-to-room transitions, tested their psychometric properties, and correlated indoor mobility with cognitive and functional status. Materials and Methods: Community-dwelling older adults living alone ( n = 139; age = 78.1 ± 8.6 years) from the Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH) and Minority Aging Research Study (MARS) were included in the study. Two indoor mobility features were developed using non-parametric parameters (frequency; stability): Indoor mobility frequency (room-to-room transitions/day) was detected using passive infrared (PIR) motion sensors fixed on the walls in four geographic locations (bathroom; bedroom; kitchen; living room) and using door contact sensors attached to the egress door in the entrance. Indoor mobility stability was estimated by variances of number of room-to-room transitions over a week. Test-retest reliability (Intra-class coefficient, ICC) and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) defined as the standard error of measurement (SEM) were generated. Generalized estimating equations models related mobility features with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and functional status (gait speed). Results: An average of 206 days (±127) of sensor data were analyzed per individual. Indoor mobility frequency and stability showed good to excellent test-retest reliability (ICCs = 0.91[0.88–0.94]; 0.59[0.48–0.70]). The MCIDs of mobility frequency and mobility stability were 18 and 0.09, respectively. On average, a higher indoor mobility frequency was associated with faster gait speed (β = 0.53, p = 0.04), suggesting an increase of 5.3 room-to-room transitions per day was associated with an increase of 10 cm/s gait speed. A decrease in mobility stability was associated with MCI (β = −0.04, p = 0.03). Discussion: Mobility frequency and stability in the home are clinically meaningful and reliable features. Pervasive-sensing systems deployed in homes can objectively reveal cognitive and functional status in older adults who live alone.

Wu, Chao-Yi↗

DOE OSTI2022

Federal Automotive Statistical Tool: FY 2022 Data Call Status & Review Tools [Slides]

This presentation presents an overview of current federal vehicle fleet current data collection efforts covering required information submissions about the motor vehicles, fueling centers, and electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) inventory through the Federal Automotive Statistical Tool (FAST). The presentation also provides an overview of the capabilities within FAST to assist federal agency users with reviewing and improving the quality of their fleet data submissions. This presentation is intended for delivery via WebEx at the November 9, 2022 meeting of the DOE-sponsored INTERFUEL working group. FAST is a web-based information management tool developed by INL and funded by GSA's Office of Government-wide Policy and DOE's Federal Energy Management Program.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

DOE OSTI2020

FNET/GridEye: A Tool for Situational Awareness of Large Power Interconnetion Grids

This paper gives an overview of a wide-area measurement system deployed at the distribution level: FNET/GridEye, which consists of hundreds of sensors, communication and a data center. The sensors are utilized to take frequency, voltage phase angle and magnitude measurements from the ordinary 110 or 220V outlets in offices or residential houses. These measurements are continuously transmitted to the data center via Internet. Many applications have been implemented to monitor large-scale interconnected power grids, and interpret grid operation status to improve system operators' situational awareness capability. Some representative online and offline applications are presented in this paper, as well as several recently developed new applications.

Zhu, Lin↗

DOE OSTI2020

Annual PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality rate data: Trends modified by county socioeconomic status in 2,132 US counties

This article contains data on county-level socioeconomic status for 2132 US counties and each county's average annual cardiovascular mortality rate (CMR) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration for 21 years (1990e2010). County CMR, PM2.5, and socioeconomic data were obtained from the US National Center for Health Statistics, US Environmental Protection Agency's Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system, and the US Census, respectively. Annual socioeconomic indices were created using seven county-level measures from the 1990, 2000, and 2010 US Census using factor analysis. Quintiles of this index were used to generate categories of county socioeconomic status. This national data set contains data for annual PM2.5 and CMR changes over a time-period when there was a significant reduction in US air pollutants (following the enactment of the 1970 Clean Air Act). These data are associated with the article “The contribution of improved air quality to reduced cardiovascular mortality: Declines in socioeconomic differences over time” [1]. Data are stored in a comma separated value format and can be downloaded from the USEPA ScienceHub data repository (https://doi.org/10.23719/ 1506014).

Socioeconomic status↗

DOE OSTI2023

Design of the Electron–Ion Collider

The Electron–Ion Collider (EIC) is under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory partnering with Jefferson Laboratory. The collider is designed for collisions of 70% polarized electrons and ions with luminosi ties up to $L$ = 1 × 10 34 cm -2 sec -1 at the center-of-mass energies up to 140 GeV. The report summarizes the requirements, describes the design of the collider, and presents the present status of the project.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2021

A Father’s Day Tribute Father-son Nobel Prize-winning physicists worked together at the Lab

Partners in physics during the World War II years, father and son Niels and Aage Bohr worked side by side on the Lab’s top-secret effort to create the first atomic bombs. Arriving in Los Alamos in late 1943, Aage was just 21 years old. He had been studying physics to follow in the footsteps of his father, who had won a Nobel Prize in 1922. Aage’s higher education, however, had been interrupted by the rapid spread of Nazism in Europe. The Bohrs, who had Jewish heritage, fled their native Denmark to escape persecution, eventually arriving in Los Alamos to aid in the creation of weapons that would help end the war. Their story is part of the collections at the National Security Research Center, which is the Lab’s classified library and also houses unclassified historic materials. While at Los Alamos, Niels and Aage were accorded VIP status because of the family’s scientific renown and given new names to protect their identities: Aage was James Baker, while his father was Nicholas Baker, but the scientific community called him Uncle Nick. Whether called Niels and Aage or Nick and Jim, father and son were inseparable.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2021

Measurement of the 239 Pu(n,f)/ 235 U(n,f) Cross-Section Ratio with the NIFFTE fission Time Projection Chamber

In this work, the 239 Pu(n,f)/ 235 U(n,f) cross-section ratio has been measured with the fission Time Projection Chamber (fissionTPC) from 100 keV to 100 MeV. The fissionTPC provides three-dimensional reconstruction of fission-fragment ionization profiles, allowing for a precise quantification of measurement uncertainties. The measurement was performed at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center which provides a pulsed white source of neutrons. The data are recommended to be used as a cross-section ratio shape. A discussion of the status of the absolute normalization and comparisons to ENDF evaluations and previous measurements is included.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2020

Anomaly Detection and Mitigation for Wide-Area Damping Control using Machine Learning

In an interconnected multi-area power system, wide-area measurement based damping controllers are used to damp out inter-area oscillations, which jeopardize grid stability and constrain the power flows below to their transmission capacity. The effect of wide-area damping control (WADC) significantly depends on both power and cyber systems. At the cyber system layer, an adversary can inflict the WADC process by compromising either measurement signals, control signals or both. Stealthy and coordinated cyber-attacks may bypass the conventional cybersecurity measures to disrupt the seamless operation of WADC. This paper proposes an anomaly detection (AD) algorithm using supervised Machine Learning and a model-based logic for mitigation. The proposed AD algorithm considers measurement signals (input of WADC) and control signals (output of WADC) as input to evaluate the type of activity such as normal, perturbation (small or large signal faults), attack and perturbation-and-attack. Upon anomaly detection, the mitigation module tunes the WADC signal and sets the control status mode as either wide-area mode or local mode. The proposed anomaly detection and mitigation (ADM) module works inline with the WADC at the control center for attack detection on both measurement and control signals and eliminates the need for ADMs at the geographically distributed actuators. Here, we consider coordinated and primitive data-integrity attack vectors such as pulse, ramp, relay-trip and replay attacks. The performance of the proposed ADM algorithms was evaluated under these attack vector scenarios on a testbed environment for 2-area 4-machine power system. The ADM module shows effective performance with 96:5% accuracy to detect anomalies.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

DOE OSTI2020

Hydrogen Storage System Modeling: Public Access, Maintenance, and Enhancements

This presentation summarizes the Fiscal Year 2020 status and accomplishments for the Hydrogen Storage System Modeling project, a collaborative effort to manage, update, and enhance hydrogen storage system models developed under the Hydrogen Storage Engineering Center of Excellence (HSECoE). The project goal is to provide validated modeling tools that will be used by researchers to evaluate the performance of their new materials in engineered systems relative to the DOE technical targets.

AMR↗

DOE OSTI2022

Current Status of the DOE/NNSA Nuclear Criticality Safety Program Hands-On Criticality Safety Training

The U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE/NNSA) Nuclear Criticality Safety Program (NCSP) has conducted two-week Nuclear Criticality Safety (NCS) Practitioner courses since 2011 to support the training and qualification of new NCS staff. The course was developed in accordance with the American National Standard Institute/American Nuclear Society (ANSI/ANS) standard for NCS training and qualifications (ANSI/ANS-8.26-2007). In 2013, an NCS Manager’s course was developed for process supervisors, managers, regulators, and other professionals with NCS-related responsibilities. This course was revised in 2019 for Criticality Safety Officers (CSOs) based on an NCSP Criticality Safety Support Group tasking (2018-01). This course was piloted at the Nevada Field Office and the National Criticality Experiments Research Center (NCERC) in June 2021. These courses consist of the following training components: classroom education, facility training, and hands-on subcritical and critical experiments training. The two-week Practitioner course offers a week of classroom training, with practical workshops and exercises focused on teaching students how to perform an NCS evaluation. The second week of training involves hands-on critical and subcritical experiments and measurements. The first week is offered in Las Vegas, Nevada, at the DOE Nevada Field Office or the National Atomic Testing Museum. Depending on the student’s clearance level, the second week is offered at Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) (uncleared and L-cleared students) or at the National Criticality Experiments Research Center (Q-cleared students). The one-week Manager’s course is offered at SNL or NCERC, depending on clearance or interest, and includes classroom and hands- on critical and subcritical experiments and measurements. This paper provides an overview and status report for the DOE/NNSA NCSP training courses in NCS and to provide information about future course offerings. This paper discusses the challenges associated with executing the training courses during the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2-week Practitioner and 1-week manager courses are currently offered twice per year and adjustments are made based upon demand.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2022

Current Status of the DOE/NNSA Nuclear Criticality Safety Program Hands-On Criticality Safety Training [Abstract]

The U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE/NNSA) Nuclear Criticality Safety Program (NCSP) has conducted two-week Nuclear Criticality Safety (NCS) Practitioner courses since 2011 to support the training and qualification of new NCS staff. The course was developed in accordance with the American National Standard Institute/American Nuclear Society (ANSI/ANS) standard for NCS training and qualifications (ANSI/ANS-8.26-2007). In 2013, an NCS Manager’s course was developed for process supervisors, managers, regulators, and other professionals with NCS-related responsibilities. This course was revised in 2019 for Criticality Safety Officers (CSOs) based on an NCSP Criticality Safety Support Group tasking (2018-01). This course was piloted at the Nevada Field Office and the National Criticality Experiments Research Center (NCERC) in June 2021. These courses consist of the following training components: classroom education, facility training, and hands-on subcritical and critical experiments training. The two-week Practitioner course offers a week of classroom training, with practical workshops and exercises focused on teaching students how to perform an NCS evaluation. The second week of training involves hands-on critical and subcritical experiments and measurements. The first week is offered in Las Vegas, Nevada, at the DOE Nevada Field Office or the National Atomic Testing Museum. Depending on the student’s clearance level, the second week is offered at Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) (uncleared and L-cleared students) or at the National Criticality Experiments Research Center (Q-cleared students). The one-week Manager’s course is offered at SNL or NCERC, depending on clearance or interest, and includes classroom and hands-on critical and subcritical experiments and measurements. This paper provides an overview and status report for the DOE/NNSA NCSP training courses in NCS and to provide information about future course offerings. This paper will also discuss the challenges associated with executing the training courses during the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2-week Practitioner and 1-week manager courses are currently offered twice per year and adjustments are made based upon demand.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗

DOE OSTI2025

Harnessing Ultra-Intense Long-Wave Infrared Lasers: New Frontiers in Fundamental and Applied Research

This review explores two main topics: the state-of-the-art and emerging capabilities of high-peak-power, ultrafast (picosecond and femtosecond) long-wave infrared (LWIR) laser technology based on CO2 gas laser amplifiers, and the current and advanced scientific applications of this laser class. The discussion is grounded in expertise gained at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), a leading center for ultrafast, high-power CO2 laser development and a National User Facility with a strong track record in high-intensity physics experiments. We begin by reviewing the status of 9–10 μm CO2 laser technology and its applications, before exploring potential breakthroughs, including the realization of 100 terawatt femtosecond pulses. These advancements will drive ongoing research in electron and ion acceleration in plasma, along with applications in secondary radiation sources and atmospheric energy transport. Throughout the review, we highlight how wavelength scaling of physical effects enhances the capabilities of ultra-intense lasers in the LWIR spectrum, expanding the frontiers of both fundamental and applied science.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2024

STATUS OF THE SECOND INTERACTION REGION DESIGN FOR ELECTRON-ION COLLIDER

Provisions are being made in the Electron Ion Collider (EIC) design for future installation of a second Interaction Region (IR), in addition to the day-one primary IR. The envisioned location for the second IR is the existing experi- mental hall at RHIC IP8. It is designed to work with the same beam energy combinations as the first IR, covering a full range of the center-of-mass energy of ?20 GeV to ?140 GeV. The goal of the second IR is to complement the first IR, and to improve the detection of scattered particles with magnetic rigidities similar to those of the ion beam. To achieve this, the second IR hadron beamline features a secondary focus in the forward ion direction. The design of the second IR is still evolving. This paper reports the current status of its pa- rameters, magnet layout, and beam dynamics and discusses the ongoing improvements being made to ensure its optimal performance.

Gamage, B.↗

DOE OSTI2024

STATUS OF THE SECOND INTERACTION REGION DESIGN FOR ELECTRON-ION COLLIDER

Gamage, B.↗

DOE OSTI2022

Current Status of the DOE/NNSA Nuclear Criticality Safety Program Hands-on Criticality Safety Training Courses

In 2011, the US Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE/NNSA) Nuclear Criticality Safety Program (NCSP) developed and piloted a 2-week nuclear criticality safety (NCS) practitioner course to support training and qualification of new NCS staff. The course was developed in accordance with the American National Standard Institute/American Nuclear Society (ANSI/ANS) standard for NCS training and qualifications (ANSI/ANS-8.26-2007). In 2013, an NCS manager’s course was developed for process supervisors, managers, regulators, and other professionals with NCS-related responsibilities. These courses consist of classroom education, facility training, and hands-on subcritical and critical experiments training. Each course is currently offered twice per year. The 2-week practitioner course offers a week of classroom training, with practical workshops and exercises focused on teaching students how to perform an NCS evaluation. The second week of training involves hands-on critical and subcritical experiments and measurements. The first week is offered in Las Vegas, Nevada, at the DOE Nevada Field Office or the National Atomic Testing Museum. Depending on the student’s clearance level, the second week is offered at Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) (uncleared and L-cleared students) or at the National Criticality Experiments Research Center (NCERC) (Q-cleared students). The 1-week manager’s course is offered at SNL or NCERC, depending on clearance or interest, and includes classroom and hands-on critical and subcritical experiments and measurements. This paper provides an overview and status report for the DOE/NNSA NCSP training courses in NCS and provides information about future course offerings.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2024

The Simons Observatory: Design, Optimization, and Performance of Low-Frequency Detectors

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment located in the Atacama Desert in Chile that will make precise temperature and polarization measurements over six spectral bands ranging from 27 to 285 GHz. Three small aperture telescopes (SATs) and one large aperture telescope (LAT) will house ~60,000 detectors and cover angular scales between one arcminute and tens of degrees. We present the performance of the dichroic, low-frequency (LF) lenslet-coupled sinuous antenna transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometer arrays with bands centered at 27 and 39 GHz. The LF focal plane will primarily characterize Galactic synchrotron emission as a critical part of foreground subtraction from CMB data. We will discuss the design, optimization, and current testing status of these pixels.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗