DSIF station control and data equipment
Deep Space Instrumentation Facility station control and data equipment
CONTROL SYSTEM↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Atmosphere revitalization in the space station prototype.
The atmosphere revitalization group (ARG) for the space station prototype (SSP) environmental/thermal control and life support system (ETC/LSS) has been designed to meet a comprehensive set of requirements and constraints for a flight type mission. Design definition is for a modular vehicle temperature and humidity control subsystem, contaminant control equipment, a hydrogen depolarized cell CO2 concentrator, a water electrolysis oxygen generation subsystem, CO2 reduction equipment, and a pressure and composition control subsystem. Performance requirements are for support of a crew of six. Realistic leakage rates and metabolic activity cycles, cabin temperature selectability, and controlled cabin relative humidities are specified for the design. Operational aspects of the subsystem are discussed with emphasis given to the influence of a 180-day, maintainable requirement on system design. Consideration of flight vehicle type packaging, in flight maintenance, data management systems interface and fault detection capability, and electrical supply constraints is covered.
Trusch, R. B.↗
Single-Axis Acoustic Levitator With Rotation Control
Rotation-control equipment simplified. Acoustic levitator with rotation control handles liquid and solid specimens as dense as steel in both low gravity and normal Earth gravity. Levitator is single-axis type.
Trinh, E. H.↗
Furnace and support equipment for space processing
A core facility capable of performing a majority of materials processing experiments is discussed. Experiment classes are described, the needs peculiar to each experiment type are outlined, and projected facility requirements to perform the experiments are treated. Control equipment (automatic control) and variations of the Czochralski method for use in space are discussed.
Mazelsky, R.↗
SMARTER Rules-Based Distributed Deconfliction of ADMS Applications
A conceptual numerical methodology derived from Grid Architecture principles is introduced for deconflicting setpoints issued by multiple advanced distribution management system applications. The methodology applies technical, economic, environmental, and social rules to eliminate non-viable combinations. The concept of temporal equipment controls budgets is introduced to preserve the health of physical assets and avoid equipment damage through repeated controls cycling. The rules are combined with a multi-criteria decision-making framework to select a near-optimal set of deconflicted setpoints using a set of qualitative and quantitative decision criteria selected by the distribution system operator. Numerical results are demonstrated on the IEEE 123-bus test feeder for three competing applications. Three alternative distributed schemes are used to decompose the problem: by topological area, by phase, and fully decentralized. The fully decentralized implementation is shown to yield near-optimal deconfliction results with significantly reduced computational time.
Anderson, Alexander A.↗
More Intelligent Gas Turbine Engines
Increased emphasis on aircraft safety, enhanced performance and affordability, and the need to reduce the environmental impact of aircrafts are being addressed through the concept of Intelligent Propulsion Systems. These systems are potentially enabled through increased efficiencies of components through active control, advanced diagnostics and prognostics integrated with intelligent engine control, and distributed control with smart sensors and actuators. The focus of this report is on "On-Board Intelligence", and the discussions are limited to the overall engine gas-path performance perspective. The emphasis throughout the report is on identifying the sensor and actuator needs to realize these intelligent engine concepts and identifying the current sensor and actuator technologies and roadmaps for emerging technologies. The report is of interest both to the "Customers" to understand the investment needs and the "Researchers" and "Technology Developers" to understand the technology needs for closing the gap from current sensor and actuator capabilities to future performance and universal requirements and targets.
active control↗
Demonstration of the Low-Cost Virtual Collaborative Environment (VCE)
This paper demonstrates the feasibility of a low-cost approach of remotely controlling equipment. Our demonstration system consists of a PC, the PUMA 560 robot with Barrett hand, and commercially available controller and teleconferencing software. The system provides a graphical user interface which allows a user to program equipment tasks and preview motions i.e., simulate the results. Once satisfied that the actions are both safe and accomplish the task, the remote user sends the data over the Internet to the local site for execution on the real equipment. A video link provides visual feedback to the remote sight. This technology lends itself readily to NASA's upcoming Mars expeditions by providing remote simulation and control of equipment.
Bowers, David↗
Astrodynamics, guidance and control review, number 1
Summary of studies on guidance techniques and control equipment, spacecraft computers, and mathematical methods for optimal control of spacecraft and launch vehicles
Source record↗
Advanced computer technology - An aspect of the Terminal Configured Vehicle program
NASA is conducting a Terminal Configured Vehicle program to provide improvements in the air transportation system such as increased system capacity and productivity, increased all-weather reliability, and reduced noise. A typical jet transport has been equipped with highly flexible digital display and automatic control equipment to study operational techniques for conventional takeoff and landing aircraft. The present airborne computer capability of this aircraft employs a multiple computer simple redundancy concept. The next step is to proceed from this concept to a reconfigurable computer system which can degrade gracefully in the event of a failure, adjust critical computations to remaining capacity, and reorder itself, in the case of transients, to the highest order of redundancy and reliability.
Berkstresser, B. K.↗
Mode Tracker for Mode-Hop-Free Operation of a Laser
A mode-tracking system that includes a mode-controlling subsystem has been incorporated into an external-cavity (EC) quantum cascade laser that operates in a mid-infrared wavelength range. The mode-tracking system makes it possible to perform mode-hop-free wavelength scans, as needed for high-resolution spectroscopy and detection of trace gases. The laser includes a gain chip, a beam-collimating lens, and a diffraction grating. The grating is mounted on a platform, the position of which can be varied to effect independent control of the EC length and the grating angle. The position actuators include a piezoelectric stage for translation control and a motorized stage for coarse rotation control equipped with a piezoelectric actuator for fine rotation control. Together, these actuators enable control of the EC length over a range of about 90 m with a resolution of 0.9 nm, and control of the grating angle over a coarse-tuning range of +/-6.3deg and a fine-tuning range of +/-520 microrad with a resolution of 10 nrad. A mirror mounted on the platform with the grating assures always the same direction of the output laser beam.
Wysocki, Gerard↗
Computer-controlled aerospace ground equipment for the aoso communications and data- handling subsystem.
Computer controlled checkout equipment and data handling system for AOSO
GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEM↗
Rationale and Methods for Archival Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheric Trace Chemical Contaminants On Board Mir and Recommendations for the International Space Station
Collection and analysis of spacecraft cabin air samples are necessary to assess the cabin air quality with respect to crew health. Both toxicology and engineering disciplines work together to achieve an acceptably clean cabin atmosphere. Toxicology is concerned with limiting the risk to crew health from chemical sources, setting exposure limits, and analyzing air samples to determine how well these limits are met. Engineering provides the means for minimizing the contribution of the various contaminant generating sources by providing active contamination control equipment on board spacecraft and adhering to a rigorous material selection and control program during the design and construction of the spacecraft. A review of the rationale and objectives for sampling spacecraft cabin atmospheres is provided. The presently-available sampling equipment and methods are reviewed along with the analytical chemistry methods employed to determine trace contaminant concentrations. These methods are compared and assessed with respect to actual cabin air quality monitoring needs. Recommendations are presented with respect to the basic sampling program necessary to ensure an acceptably clean spacecraft cabin atmosphere. Also, rationale and recommendations for expanding the scope of the basic monitoring program are discussed.
Perry, J. L.↗
Fossil Power Plant Cyber Security Life-Cycle Risk Reduction, A Practical Framework for Implementation
Market conditions are forcing fossil electricity generation facility owners and operators to implement advanced digital technologies. These technologies enable efficiencies, operational flexibility, operations and maintenance efficiencies, and adapting to a transitioning workforce. These digital technologies, however, can increase the cybersecurity attack surface. The purpose of this research was to develop a holistic cybersecurity risk reduction framework for fossil generation facilities. The framework begins with assessing how cyber risk changes across facility life cycles, including plant, system, vendor, and business life cycles. The next phase performs consequence analysis to prioritize high consequence events. Focusing on high consequence events allows owners to use a graded, risk-informed approach to prioritize cybersecurity efforts. The final phase identifies the digital asset attack surface in sensors and instrumentation and control equipment. After the vulnerabilities are identified, the owner selects mitigating cybersecurity control measures (or countermeasures) based on the risk analysis from the previous phases. This report describes the current industry cybersecurity best practices in fossil generation that are based on the first principles for cybersecurity engineering. The report is divided into five sections that describe the implementation of the risk reduction framework and present identified research, methodological, and technology gaps that were identified through this course of research and development.
01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
Analysis of the effects of boundary-layer control in the take-off and power-off landing performance characteristics of a liaison type of airplane
A performance analysis has been made to determine whether boundary-layer control by suction might reduce the minimum take-off and landing distances of a four-place or five-place airplane or a liaison type of airplane below those obtainable with conventional high-lift devices. The airplane was assumed to have a cruise duration of 5 hours at 60-percent power and to be operating from airstrips having a ground friction coefficient of 0.2 or a combined ground and braking coefficient of 0.4. The payload was fixed at 1500 pounds, the wing span was varied from 25 to 100 feet, the aspect ratio was varied from 5 to 15, and the power was varied from 300 to 1300 horsepower. Maximum lift coefficients of 5.0 and 2.8 were assumed for the airplanes with and without boundary-layer-control --equipment weight was included. The effects of the boundary-layer control on total take-off distance, total power-off landing distance, landing and take-off ground run, stalling speed, sinking speed, and gliding speed were determined.
Horton, Elmer A↗
Fossil Power Plant Cyber Security Life-Cycle Risk Reduction: A Practical Framework for Implementation
Market conditions are forcing fossil electricity generation facility owners and operators to implement advanced digital technologies. These technologies enable efficiencies, operational flexibility, operations and maintenance efficiencies, and adapting to a transitioning workforce. These digital technologies, however, can increase the cybersecurity attack surface. The purpose of this research was to develop a holistic cybersecurity risk reduction framework for fossil generation facilities. The framework begins with assessing how cyber risk changes across facility life cycles, including plant, system, vendor, and business life cycles. The next phase performs consequence analysis to prioritize high consequence events. Focusing on high consequence events allows owners to use a graded, risk-informed approach to prioritize cybersecurity efforts. The final phase identifies the digital asset attack surface in sensors and instrumentation and control equipment. After the vulnerabilities are identified, the owner selects mitigating cybersecurity control measures (or countermeasures) based on the risk analysis from the previous phases. This report describes the current industry cybersecurity best practices in fossil generation that are based on the first principles for cybersecurity engineering. The report is divided into five sections that describe the implementation of the risk reduction framework and present identified research, methodological, and technology gaps that were identified through this course of research and development.
20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
Fossil Power Plant Cyber Security Life-Cycle Risk Reduction: A Practical Framework for Implementation
Market conditions are forcing fossil electricity generation facility owners and operators to implement advanced digital technologies. These technologies enable efficiencies, operational flexibility, operations and maintenance efficiencies, and adapting to a transitioning workforce. These digital technologies, however, can increase the cybersecurity attack surface. The purpose of this research was to develop a holistic cybersecurity risk reduction framework for fossil generation facilities. The framework begins with assessing how cyber risk changes across facility life cycles, including plant, system, vendor, and business life cycles. The next phase performs consequence analysis to prioritize high consequence events. Focusing on high consequence events allows owners to use a graded, risk-informed approach to prioritize cybersecurity efforts. The final phase identifies the digital asset attack surface in sensors and instrumentation and control equipment. After the vulnerabilities are identified, the owner selects mitigating cybersecurity control measures (or countermeasures) based on the risk analysis from the previous phases. This report describes the current industry cybersecurity best practices in fossil generation that are based on the first principles for cybersecurity engineering. The report is divided into five sections that describe the implementation of the risk reduction framework and present identified research, methodological, and technology gaps that were identified through this course of research and development.
20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
Deep Space Network Antenna Logic Controller
The Antenna Logic Controller (ALC) software controls and monitors the motion control equipment of the 4,000-metric-ton structure of the Deep Space Network 70-meter antenna. This program coordinates the control of 42 hydraulic pumps, while monitoring several interlocks for personnel and equipment safety. Remote operation of the ALC runs via the Antenna Monitor & Control (AMC) computer, which orchestrates the tracking functions of the entire antenna. This software provides a graphical user interface for local control, monitoring, and identification of faults as well as, at a high level, providing for the digital control of the axis brakes so that the servo of the AMC may control the motion of the antenna. Specific functions of the ALC also include routines for startup in cold weather, controlled shutdown for both normal and fault situations, and pump switching on failure. The increased monitoring, the ability to trend key performance characteristics, the improved fault detection and recovery, the centralization of all control at a single panel, and the simplification of the user interface have all reduced the required workforce to run 70-meter antennas. The ALC also increases the antenna availability by reducing the time required to start up the antenna, to diagnose faults, and by providing additional insight into the performance of key parameters that aid in preventive maintenance to avoid key element failure. The ALC User Display (AUD) is a graphical user interface with hierarchical display structure, which provides high-level status information to the operation of the ALC, as well as detailed information for virtually all aspects of the ALC via drill-down displays. The operational status of an item, be it a function or assembly, is shown in the higher-level display. By pressing the item on the display screen, a new screen opens to show more detail of the function/assembly. Navigation tools and the map button allow immediate access to all screens.
Ahlstrom, Harlow↗
Physical Sciences Vistas: Perspectives on Simultaneous Excellence (Issue 1, 2023)
The issue begins with an article highlighting Physics Division’s involvement in diagnostic development that led to the measurement of ignition at the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Subsequent articles transition to some of the materials development occurring in Sigma, Materials Science and Technology, and Materials Physics and Applications divisions. This is inclusive of the development of next generation moderator materials as an enabling technology of small modular reactors. These materials will most likely be qualified at a facility at Idaho National Laboratory. The issue also highlights development of novel, additively manufactured foams for next generation weapons. This work is being done in close collaboration with the Kansas City National Security Campus to enable transition of materials development to production in a more agile way. Finally, an article describes Accelerator Operations and Technology Division’s hard work to replace the legacy remote instrumentation and control equipment at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) with a modern control system. The story discusses how that engineering success will lead to improved sustainability of the beam during operation and thus a better experience for all of our collaborators and partners in the LANSCE user program.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗