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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2021

Charging-management And Infrastructure-planning (cmip) Model

CMIP model explores various charging infrastructure network designs to serve a free-floating car-sharing fleet and determine the charging downtime experienced by the fleet for each design. Development of the CMIP model had two major steps: (1) describing modeling assumptions and (2) developing an integer program (IP) that jointly optimizes decisions about locations to install DC fast chargers and EV-to-charger assignments. The CMIP model integrates an EV charging model, EV energy consumption model, and heterogeneous, real-world vehicle use data with an integer programming optimization model to identify optimal location of new charging stations and calculate vehicle downtime for charging. The CMIP model can be applied to understand: (a) the reduction of EV fleet downtime if an additional fast-charging station is added to the current infrastructure and (b) to what extent total vehicle downtime would be sensitive to additional charging infrastructure.

Roni, MohammadS↗
DOE OSTI2017

2017 DOE Vehicle Technologies Office Annual Merit Review

The 2017 U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program and Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) Annual Merit Review and Peer Evaluation Meeting (AMR) was held June 5-9, 2017, in Washington, DC. The review encompassed work done by the Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program and VTO: 263 individual activities were reviewed for VTO by 191 reviewers. Exactly 1,241 individual review responses were received for the VTO technical reviews. The objective of the meeting was to review the accomplishments and plans for VTO over the previous 12 months, and provide an opportunity for industry, government, and academia to give inputs to DOE with a structured and formal methodology. The meeting also provided attendees with a forum for interaction and technology information transfer.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Final Technical Report-WestSmart EV: Western Smart Plug-in Electric Vehicle Community Partnership

The WestSmartEV (WSEV) project has accelerated adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) throughout the PacifiCorp/Rocky Mountain Power’s (RMP) service territory in the intermountain west by developing a large-scale, sustainable PEV charging infrastructure network with coordinated PEV adoption programs. The project objectives have strategically deployed 79 DC fast charging to create two primary electric interstate highway corridors along I-15 and I-80; incentivized installation of Level 2 AC chargers at workplace locations; incentivized the purchase of PEVs; provided all electric solutions for first-mile and last-mile trips, including electrified mobility service; provided centralized data collection, analysis, modeling, and tool development to inform investment and policy decisions; and developed education outreach materials and conducted workshops across the WSEV region.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2022

Phenomenological R-Matrix parameterization of direct, doorway, and compound nuclear reactions [Slides]

The presented R-matrix formalism could improve evaluations of resolved resonance nuclear cross section data by parameterizing direct reaction processes via an orthonormal channel mixing matrix and doorway state processes. Together, they can parameterize direct-semidirect capture. A formal similarity among the R-, K-, T- matrix formalisms was leveraged to parameterize direct and doorway processes. The advantage of this R-matrix parameterization is that it is easily extensible due to its application of projection operators directly upon the (H-E) on p. 6.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Regulators’ Financial Toolbox: Designing Low- and Moderate- Income (LMI) Community Solar Compensation Programs

On February 9, 2022, as part of the NARUC Winter Policy Summit, five NARUC Staff Subcommittees (Energy Resources and the Environment, Rate Design, Electricity, Electric Reliability and Resilience, and Consumers and the Public Interest) co-hosted two sessions on community solar. The first panel was Community Solar I: Benefits for Low- and Moderate-Income Consumers, featuring opening remarks from moderator Hon. Eric Blank, Chairman of the Colorado Public Utilities Commission, and presentations from Richard Caperton, Vice President, Policy and Market Development, Arcadia, on behalf of the Coalition for Community Solar Access (CCSA); Chris Nichols, Senior Program Director, Groundswell; and Ted Trabue, Managing Director, DC Sustainable Energy Utility. See presentations and recordings. The second panel, titled What is Community Solar 2: Cost Impacts to Participants and Non-Participants, featured opening remarks from moderator Jamie Barber, Director of the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Unit at the Georgia Public Service Commission, and presentations from Dr. Gabriel Chan, Associate Professor, Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota; Matthew McDonnell, Managing Director, Strategen Consulting; and Katie Chiles Ottenweller, Southeast Director, Vote Solar. See presentations and recordings.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Optimal Operation of PV Sources in DC Grids for Improving Technical, Economical, and Environmental Conditions by Using Vortex Search Algorithm and a Matrix Hourly Power Flow

This document presents a master–slave methodology for solving the problem of optimal operation of photovoltaic (PV) distributed generators (DGs) in direct current (DC) networks. This problem was modeled using a nonlinear programming model (NLP) that considers the minimization of three different objective functions in a daily operation of the system. The first one corresponds to the minimization of the total operational cost of the system, including the energy purchasing cost to the conventional generators and maintenance costs of the PV sources; the second objective function corresponds to the reduction of the energy losses associated with the transport of energy in the network, and the third objective function is related to the minimization of the total emissions of CO2 by the conventional generators installed on the DC grid. The minimization of these objective functions is achieved by using a master–slave optimization approach through the application of the Vortex Search algorithm combined with a matrix hourly power flow. To evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach, two test scenarios were used, which correspond to a grid-connected and a standalone network located in two different regions of Colombia. The grid-connected system emulates the behavior of the solar resource and power demand of the city of Medellín-Antioquia, and the standalone network corresponds to an adaptation of the generation and demand curves for the municipality of Capurganá-Choco. A numerical comparison was performed with four optimization methodologies reported in the literature: particle swarm optimization, multiverse optimizer, crow search algorithm, and salp swarm algorithm. The results obtained demonstrate that the proposed optimization approach achieved excellent solutions in terms of response quality, repeatability, and processing times.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Managing Workplace Charging: Argonne National Laboratory’s Reservation-Based Smart EV Charging Platform

The Smart Electric Power Alliance (SEPA) partnered with Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) to produce a case study on Argonne’s workplace electric vehicle (EV) charging program, designed to optimize employees’ ability to reserve EV chargers and allow Argonne to implement a workplace managed charging solution. Formally known as EVrez, the program offers Argonne’s employees access to more than 50 Level 2 chargers and 4 DC fast chargers (DCFC). Employees must reserve and manage their EV sessions through the EVrez mobile app platform. This report outlines the EVrez program, from inception to maturity, highlighting key learnings and best practices from the Argonne team. As other workplaces seek to offer their own workplace charging offerings, this report highlights foundational steps and considerations.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2026

Software Control Program For Transportable Microgrid State-of-charge Balancing And Frequency Stability Controls

A deterministic state-of-charge (SOC) balancing approach software control code is introduced as an integral secondary management to primary control layer of an islanded small microgrid or nanogrid system made up of multiple grid-forming inverter/battery/solar combination systems, where each set of batteries with each inverter are on independent DC buses (i.e. non-paralleled on the DC sides). A DERMS-level control approach, algorithm and automation controller program was developed to improve coordination and enable microgrid asset compliance and SOC balancing, enabling provision of a system-level power stability support architecture, load support, and asset scalability. The architecture is configured to treat each unit or micro/nano-grid as a node in a microgrid network, allowing for autonomous DERMS control regarding load and SOC balancing and power stability. As the network grows with the addition of units, greater coordination efforts may be required. The ideal small network microgrid ranges from 2-10 inverter/battery units before additional control parameters must be considered in the existing architecture. The control approach focuses on a deterministic state-of-charge analysis as the primary level control process followed by a secondary control loop using a forced frequency-watt droop strategy to conform off-the-shelf components into behaving under a leader-follower configuration. Adopting this control scheme has been shown to allow for a balanced, unit-coordinated microgrid network, enabling stable power flow. The deterministic state-of-charge approach is introduced as an integral primary control layer of an islanded small network microgrid. A standard strategy for SOC balancing is implementing a battery management system (BMS) to control SOC on the DC side. An alternative approach is to determine how to coordinate sending and receiving power on the AC side with multiple units. The latter approach assesses all the integrated units in the microgrid network. Once the individual units are identified, further system data is required to calculate each unit's total kWh, provided information about its capability to supply or consume kWh and availability. The secondary control layer in the multi-layered small network microgrid methodology uses the primary layer’s decision to initiate frequency setpoint changes, initializing the SOC balancing. The secondary control layer considers numerous system-dependent variables to enable a charging and discharging profile based on adjustable frequency setpoints. The combined architecture will result in stable, coordinated power flow enhancing an AC microgrid's functionalities.

Myers, KurtS [Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Ida↗
DOE OSTI2025

Python Measurement-Informed Modelling Method (PythonMIMM) v1.02

This Python program implements the calculations for electrical energy efficiency and electrical losses in the paper "Energy and power quality measurement for electrical distribution in AC and DC microgrid buildings" (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306261921015658). The inputs are metered voltage, current, or power data of meters located throughout the DC system. In the absence of metered data, the user must input some other information about the building such as the types of power converters or wire lengths. The program will build a loss model of the DC system based on metered data and electrical information. It will also generate an equivalent AC system and determine the losses and efficiency.

Gerber, Daniel [Lawrence Berkeley National Laborat↗
DOE OSTI2021

Atomic-scale Imaging of PGM-free Catalyst Active Sites by 30 keV 4D-STEM

Platinum group metal (PGM)-free catalysts have attracted a large amount of attention due to their potential for enabling low-cost, commercially viable hydrogen fuel cells and electrolyzers [1]. Degradation of cell performance remains a significant challenge, however, currently limiting implementation of devices that utilize PGM-free materials [2]. Controlling degradation in these materials requires a better understanding of the atomic structure of active sites, thought to be FeN4 structures within a graphitic carbon lattice, which would enable more accurate prediction of the associated degradation pathways. The exact structural arrangement of active sites in these materials is still debated since a range of structures have been computationally predicted and methods to directly validate these models are still needed [1,3-5].While scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has provided initial glimpses into the nature of the proposed active sites, detailed evaluation of the structure of these sites is challenging since they involve defects, edges, and nitrogen dopants in the graphitic lattice, which are susceptible to beam damage [6,7]. Conventional STEM imaging and spectroscopy methods exacerbate this problem with dose-inefficiency or nonideal contrast characteristics for imaging light and heavy elements simultaneously. A method that minimizes damage while generating dose-efficient, easily-interpretable contrast for both light and heavy elements is therefore needed to facilitate imaging of sensitive active site atomic structure.Here, we demonstrate direct atomic-scale imaging of PGM-free catalyst active sites by low-voltage four-dimensional (4D)-STEM. To accomplish this, we pair a 30 keV aberration-corrected probe, which minimizes knock-on damage, with a fast pixelated detector that has optimal performance at low beam energies [8]. We show how this setup enables relatively simple center-of-mass (CoM) techniques [9,10] to produce images with an increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and light-element contrast over conventional imaging modes, allowing the entire active site structure to be imaged at the atomic scale. Moreover, we show how electron ptychography [11,12] enables images with further improved characteristics to be obtained, for example by minimizing residual aberrations, which provides a more accurate structural representation. The increased understanding that these low-voltage 4D-STEM techniques will provide about the atomic structure of PGM-free active sites and their associated degradation pathways will facilitate rational design of next-generation materials, promoting development of low-cost hydrogen fuel cells, electrolyzers, and other energy conversion devices [13]. References:[1] U Martinez et al., Adv. Mater. 31 (2019), p. 1806545.[2] Y Shao et al., Adv. Mater. 31 (2019), p. 1807615.[3] J Kneebone et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 121, (2017), p.16283.[4] T Mineva et al., ACS Catal. 9 (2019), p. 9359.[5] J Li et al., Nat. Catal. 4 (2021), p. 10.[6] T Susi et al., ACS Nano 6 (2012), p. 8837.[7] P Zelenay and DJ Myers, US Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program 2017 Annual Merit Review and Peer Evaluation Meeting, Washington, DC (2017).[8] H Ryll et al., J. Inst. 11 (2016), p. P04006.[9] K Müller et al., Nat. Commun. 5 (2014), p. 5653.[10] I Lazic et al., Ultramicroscopy 160 (2016), p. 265.[11] H Yang et al., Nat. Commun. 7 (2016), p. 12532.[12] Y Jiang et al., Nature 559 (2018), p. 343. [13] Research sponsored by the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, US Department of Energy (DOE). Research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility.

Zachman, Michael↗
DOE OSTI2022

WRS NSRC Digital Collections (DC) Overview [Slides]

Presentation slides that discuss the NSRC Digital Collections' mission of preserving weapons programs’ knowledge via digitization of various media types improving accessibility of information.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2019

Co-Optimized Analysis and Design of Electric and Natural Gas Infrastructures

This paper proposes and implements a long-term deterministic capacity expansion model for the co-optimization of electric and natural gas infrastructures. It determines the required investments in generation units, transmission lines and pipelines for meeting future demands, while representing electricity and natural gas flows using DC Power Flow and Weymouth equations, respectively. A Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problem is developed, from which a linearized version is derived. A 26 node integrated gas-electric system for the Eastern Region of the United States is used to demonstrate the model’s capabilities. Results show that the model provides an accurate operational representation of the integrated system, and, therefore, enhances the expansion planning process.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Wide Bandgap Generation (WBGen): Developing the Future Wide Bandgap Power Electronics Engineering Workforce

This Final Technical Report (FTR) summarizes the work conducted at the Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES) under the Wide-Bandgap Generation (WBGen) fellowship and traineeship program established by the Advanced Manufacturing and Technologies Office (AMMTO) of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) at Virginia Tech, which had as main objective to train the next generation of U.S. citizen power engineers with wide-bandgap (WBG) power semiconductor expertise, with the intent to aid in fulfilling the future workforce needs in this field. The latter was deemed of strategic importance given the fast-paced growth observed—and predicted—in the demand of this technical expertise, whose practitioners have become the enablers and executioners of the electrification transformation process that not just the U.S., but the whole world, is currently undergoing as it seeks for more effective and efficient ways to use energy. As such, the WBGen program set forth to achieve its educational goals, which in addition sought to broaden the range of WBG-based power electronics by conducting research and development on high-efficiency grid apparatus and high-efficiency electrical power systems, and to also enhance the power engineering curriculum by formalizing WBG-oriented design procedures replacing existent yet now obsolete design procedures developed for Silicon (Si) based power electronics. This effort led CPES to spearhead the development of a new major within The Bradley Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Department at Virginia Tech, namely Electronic Power and Energy Systems (EPES), which coalesced power electronics and power systems courses to provide undergraduate students with a strong formation in the power engineering field, while creating a pipeline of graduate students that could pursue the WBG-based curriculum and conduct research at CPES. In all, in what is considered a true success, eight of the twenty WBGen fellows that graduated program were recruited from the ECE department undergraduate cohort. The traineeship emphasized as well, from its beginning, the partnership with industry and national laboratories, which took advantage of the successful industry consortium at CPES that has historically been formed by 80–90 power and energy companies working in close collaboration with the center. This gave WBGen fellows the accessibility and possibility to conduct internships at partner facilities during the summer months, focused solely on the evaluation, testing, and adoption of WBG devices, which were many times tightly related to their respective research work and plans. In addition, WBGen fellows conducted their main research work within the confines of research programs at CPES conducted with these industry partners, providing them with a unique opportunity to develop not just their technical expertise—while advancing their knowledge, but to also learn and practice a slew of skills needed for their professional growth. As such, the fellows tackled a variety of WBG-related research topics, from device reliability and capability aspects as well as packaging and integration, encompassing the use of advanced materials and new structures, current sharing challenges, and insulation systems, to advanced gate-drivers with integrated sensors and protection mechanisms and active current- and voltage-based control, to optimized layouts seeking to maximize the switching and power processing performance of these devices, to power processing solutions adopting Gallium-Nitride (GaN) and Silicon-Carbide (SiC) power semiconductors for a variety of applications; including radiation-hardened converters for space dc distribution systems, direct three-phase ac-to-ac power converters for aerospace systems, dc-ac inverters for automotive traction drives, high-frequency isolated dc-dc battery chargers also for heavy transportation systems, and medium-voltage dc-dc and dc-ac converters for distribution systems and future power grids. The WBGen program ultimately graduated a total of 20 power engineers, all experts on WBG-based power electronics, awarding 18 M.S. and 2 PhD degrees in the process. These fellows, all U.S. citizens, allowed CPES to increase the number of citizens students to 33 % at the peak of the program, as the traineeship made possible the recruitment of talent with more attractive graduate research assistantship (GRA) contracts. Unfortunately, the present U.S. citizen enrollment at CPES has declined back to historic levels—approximately 10 %, as the regular GRA rates are not competitive enough when compared with entry-level industry jobs. In all, WBGen fellows published a total of 7 peer-reviewed journal articles, 44 papers at international technical conferences, made 42 presentations at international technical conferences, and filed 4 invention disclosures and patent applications, which have since then been granted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Their contribution to CPES, Virginia Tech, the United States, and the world, has been significant, and continues to yield results thanks to the exemplary career that the fellows have initiated at many of the partners of the program, which include Wolfspeed, Raytheon Technologies, Infineon, Lockheed Martin, Dominion Energy, Northrop Grumman, Rivian, Aerospace Corporation, Sandia National Laboratory, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, John Hopkins University, and Virginia Tech.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Testing and Expertise for Marine Energy (TEAMER) Program Support (CRADA Final Report)

Virginia Tech (VT) had previously developed a 50 kW AC to DC power converter that is specifically designed to improve the performance and efficiency of wave energy converters (WECs). Through this CRADA, NLR will test the VT power converter via a coupled dynamometer and power electronics test platform. The NLR test platform will be comprised of (1) a rotary dynamometer that will drive a VT provided gearbox and generator, (2) one or more DC regenerative power supplies that provide input power to and take power from the VT supplied power electronics, and (3) a data acquisition system for measurement. NLR will work with VT to develop a test plan, set up the test platform and integrate the test article, perform the testing, and assist in the data analysis.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2017

U.S. Renewables Portfolio Standards: 2017 Annual Status Report

Berkeley Lab’s annual status report on U.S. renewables portfolio standards (RPS) provides an overview of key trends associated with U.S. state RPS policies. The report, published in slide-deck form, describes recent legislative revisions, key policy design features, compliance with interim targets, past and projected impacts on renewables development, and compliance costs. The 2017 edition of the report presents historical data through year-end 2016 and projections through 2030. Key trends from this edition of the report include the following: -Evolution of state RPS programs: Significant RPS-related policy revisions since the start of 2016 include increased RPS targets in DC, MD, MI, NY, RI, and OR; requirements for new wind and solar projects and other major reforms to the RPS procurement process in IL; and a new offshore wind carve-out and solar procurement program in MA. -Historical impacts on renewables development: Roughly half of all growth in U.S. renewable electricity (RE) generation and capacity since 2000 is associated with state RPS requirements. Nationally, the role of RPS policies has diminished over time, representing 44% of all U.S. RE capacity additions in 2016. However, within particular regions, RPS policies continue to play a central role in supporting RE growth, constituting 70-90% of 2016 RE capacity additions in the West, Mid-Atlantic, and Northeast. -Future RPS demand and incremental needs: Meeting RPS demand growth will require roughly a 50% increase in U.S. RE generation by 2030, equating to 55 GW of new RE capacity. To meet future RPS demand, total U.S. RE generation will need to reach 13% of electricity sales by 2030 (compared to 10% today), though other drivers will also continue to influence RE growth. -RPS target achievement to-date: States have generally met their interim RPS targets in recent years, with only a few exceptions reflecting unique state-specific policy designs. -REC pricing trends: Prices for renewable energy certificates (RECs) used to meet general RPS obligations fell in most markets in 2016, as surplus RPS supplies emerged in many regions. Price trends for solar RECs were more varied, with a particularly pronounced drop in MD. -RPS compliance costs and cost caps: RPS compliance costs totaled $3.0 billion in 2015 (the most-recent year for which relatively complete data are available), which equates to 1.6% of average retail electricity bills in RPS states. Though total U.S. RPS compliance costs rose from 2014, future cost growth in most RPS states will be capped by cost containment mechanisms.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2020

New Simulations for Ion-Production and Back-Bombardment in GaAs Photo-guns

GaAs-based DC high voltage photo-guns used at accelerators with extensive user programs must exhibit long photocathode operating lifetime. Achieving this goal represents a significant challenge for proposed high average current facilities that must operate at tens of milliamperes or more. Specifically, the operating lifetime is dominated by ion back-bombardment of the photocathode from ionized residual gas. While numerous experiments have been performed to characterize the operating lifetime under various conditions, detailed simulations of the ion back-bombardment mechanism that explains these experiments are lacking. Recently, a new user routine was implemented using the code General Particle Tracer (GPT) to simulate electron impact ionization of residual beam line gas and simultaneously track the incident electron, the ejected electron, and the newly formed ion. This new routine was benchmarked against analytical calculations and then applied to experiments performed at the CEBAF injector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility to study the effectiveness of limiting ions from entering the cathode-anode gap using a positively biased anode. These simulations were performed using detailed 3D field maps produced with CST Microwave Studio describing the photo-gun electrostatics. Discussion of the experiment and the application of this new GPT routine to model the experiments will be presented at the workshop.

Yoskowitz, Joshua↗
DOE OSTI2020

The Heuristic Dynamic Programming Approach in Boost Converters

In this study, a heuristic dynamic programming controller is proposed to control a boost converter. Conventional controllers such as proportional-integral-derivative (PID) or proportional-integral (PI) are designed based on the linearized small-signal model near the operating point. Therefore, the performance of the controller during the start-up, the load change, or the input voltage variation is not optimal since the system model changes by varying the operating point. The heuristic dynamic programming controller optimally controls the boost converter by following the approximate dynamic programming. The advantage of the HDP is that the neural network-based characteristic of the proposed controller enables boost converters to easily cope with large disturbances. An HDP with a well-trained critic and action networks can perform as an optimal controller for the boost converter. To compare the effectiveness of the traditional PI-based and the HDP boost converter, the simulation results are provided.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2019

On the Path to Energy Independence and a Clean Power Future – LED Lighting Retrofit and Solar Power Generation for the CTUIR Science and Engineering Laboratory and Public Transit Center (Rev.1)

This project supports the goals of the Energy Policy for the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) through the implementation of an energy efficiency measure (LED lighting retrofit) and construction of a fixed rack (stationary) ground-mounted solar photovoltaic (PV) array energy generation system. The project objective was to eliminate the net demand for grid-based utility energy at two tribal facilities: the CTUIR Field Station and the Public Transit Center (consisting of bus barn and maintenance shop buildings). A total of 332 lighting fixtures were retrofitted with high efficiency LEDs at the three buildings within the project scope. The solar PV array constructed adjacent to the Field Station (46330 Timine Way, Pendleton, OR 97801) has a nameplate capacity of 97.98 kW DC . The project was managed by staff from the CTUIR Energy & Environmental Sciences Program within the Department of Natural Resources and the final budget was $\$ $288,206. Data was collected during a 12 month monitoring period following construction of the aptly named Ántukš–Tín̓qapapt Solar PV Array and assessed to determine project results. During this time, the solar PV system generated 125,580 kWh of energy according to SolrenView solar PV system monitoring service. In contrast, the total realized utility energy and cost savings due to the project were estimated by comparing 24 months of consecutive utility billing data. Results of this comparison indicate that grid-based utility energy demand was reduced by 121,280 kWh, or roughly 80% of the total electricity consumed by both facilities. The cost savings associated with this energy demand reduction were $\$ $11,104 and a payback period of 5.7 years was estimated for recovering the CTUIR’s investment. However, it should be noted that these figures are not representative of the savings that could be obtained under normal, error-free (i.e. faultless) conditions. Several undesirable events occurred during the 12 month monitoring and evaluation period, the effects of which were quantified using available data so that results under a “Faultless Scenario” could be estimated. Annual energy and cost savings estimated for the Faultless Scenario were approximately 166,289 kWh and $\$ $15,225, respectively. These figures should prove to be more representative of the long-term average annual results achieved in response to the project and suggest a payback period closer to 4.5 years for the CTUIR.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗