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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1973

Matrix Perturbation Techniques in Structural Dynamics

Matrix perturbation are developed techniques which can be used in the dynamical analysis of structures where the range of numerical values in the matrices extreme or where the nature of the damping matrix requires that complex valued eigenvalues and eigenvectors be used. The techniques can be advantageously used in a variety of fields such as earthquake engineering, ocean engineering, aerospace engineering and other fields concerned with the dynamical analysis of large complex structures or systems of second order differential equations. A number of simple examples are included to illustrate the techniques.

Caughey, T. K.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Instability in interacting dark sector: an appropriate holographic Ricci dark energy model

In this paper we investigate the consequences of phantom crossing considering the perturbative dynamics in models with interaction in their dark sector. By mean of a general study of gauge-invariant variables in comoving gauge, we relate the sources of instabilities in the structure formation process with the phantom crossing. In order to illustrate these relations and its consequences in more detail, we consider a specific case of an holographic dark energy interacting with dark matter. We find that in spite of the model is in excellent agreement with observational data at background level, however it is plagued of instabilities in its perturbative dynamics. We reconstruct the model in order to avoid these undesirable instabilities, and we show that this implies a modification of the concordance model at background. Also we find drastic changes on the parameters space in our model when instabilities are avoided.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1987

Collisional dynamics of perturbed particle disks in the solar system

Investigations of the collisional evolution of particulate disks subject to the gravitational perturbation of a more massive particle orbiting within the disk are underway. Both numerical N-body simulations using a novel collision algorithm and analytical kinetic theory are being employed to extend our understanding of perturbed disks in planetary rings and during the formation of the solar system. Particular problems proposed for investigation are: (1) The development and testing of general criteria for a small moonlet to clear a gap and produce observable morphological features in planetary rings; (2) The development of detailed models of collisional damping of the wavy edges observed on the Encke division of Saturn's A ring; and (3) The determination of the extent of runaway growth of the few largest planetesimals during the early stages of planetary accretion.

Roberts, W. W.↗
NASA NTRS1993

An algorithm for solving the perturbed gas dynamic equations

The present application of a compact, higher-order central-difference approximation to the linearized Euler equations illustrates the multimodal character of these equations by means of computations for acoustic, vortical, and entropy waves. Such dissipationless central-difference methods are shown to propagate waves exhibiting excellent phase and amplitude resolution on the basis of relatively large time-steps; they can be applied to wave problems governed by systems of first-order partial differential equations.

Davis, Sanford↗
NASA NTRS1988

Dynamic inflow for practical applications

A derivation is presented which gives both the nonlinear dynamic inflow model and the perturbation dynamic inflow model in a general coordinate system. The perturbation model includes perturbations in hub motions, in skew angle, and in yaw angle. The governing equations may be switched to their dimensional forms prior to application.

Peters, David A.↗
DOE OSTI2017

Using Perturbed Underdamped Langevin Dynamics to Efficiently Sample from Probability Distributions

In this paper we introduce and analyse Langevin samplers that consist of perturbations of the standard underdamped Langevin dynamics. The perturbed dynamics is such that its invariant measure is the same as that of the unperturbed dynamics. We show that appropriate choices of the perturbations can lead to samplers that have improved properties, at least in terms of reducing the asymptotic variance. We present a detailed analysis of the new Langevin sampler for Gaussian target distributions. Our theoretical results are supported by numerical experiments with non-Gaussian target measures.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
NASA NTRS1986

Perturbation Method for Computational Fluid-Dynamical Equations

Perturbation technique yields accurate flow solutions using as few as one-fourth number of grid points required by finite-difference methods. Technique originally developed to solve Euler equations of two-dimensional, steady, inviscid transonic flow about airfoils, applicable to arbitrary equation sets and higher dimensions. New perturbations scheme used in design cycle where potential solutions generated routinely; Euler perturbation method used in second-cut analysis. Method also used to couple other equation sets.

Chow, L. J.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Electron-Ion Dynamics with Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory: Towards Predictive Solar Cell Modeling

This project focussed on two aspects of computational modeling with a view toward application for photovoltaic design: (i) increased reliability of exchange-correlation functionals in time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) (a method of choice of the calculation of electronic spectra and dynamics), especially for time-resolved non-perturbative dynamics, and (ii) the development of a practical but rigorously-based method for coupling electronic and nuclear motion via the exact-factorization (EF) approach (a relatively new framework for developing approximations).

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Stochastic Perturbations of Stable Dynamical Systems: Trajectory-Wise Approach

We study stochastic perturbations of a dynamical system with a locally stable fixed point. The perturbed system has the form of Ito stochastic differential equations. We assume that perturbations do not vanish at the equilibrium of the deterministic system. Using the approach based on consideration of trajectories to the analysis of stochastic differential equations, we find restrictions for perturbations under which the stability of the equilibrium is preserved with probability 1.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2018

The Vertical Momentum Budget of Shallow Cumulus Convection: Insights From a Lagrangian Perspective

A Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model is embedded into large eddy simulations to diagnose the responses of shallow cumulus convection to a small-amplitude large-scale temperature perturbation. The Lagrangian framework allows for a decomposition of the vertical momentum budget and diagnosis of the forces that regulate cloudy updrafts. The results are used to shed light on the parameterization of vertical velocity in convective schemes, where the treatment of the effects of entrainment as well as buoyancy-induced and mechanically induced pressure gradients remains highly uncertain. We show that both buoyancy-induced and mechanically induced pressure gradients are important for the vertical momentum budget of cloudy updrafts, whereas the entrainment dilution term is relatively less important. Based on the analysis of the dominant force balance, we propose a simple model to derive the perturbation pressure gradient forces. We further illustrate that the effective buoyancy and dynamic perturbation pressure can be approximated to a good extent using a simple cylindrical updraft model given the cloud radius. This finding has the potential for improving the parameterization of vertical velocity in convective schemes and the development of a unified scheme for cumulus convection.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Stability Analysis of the Flow Over a Swept Forward-Facing Step Using PIV Base Flows

Step excrescences are a type of surface imperfection encountered on swept wings of commercial aircraft, commonly because accessibility requirements prevent creating the wing’s surface from a single panel. If the step height is too large, super-critical, the flow can undergo an early transition to turbulence, which can be highly detrimental for the performance of the wing. In the case of a forward-facing step on a swept wing in a low-disturbance environment, stationary crossflow vortices can develop a significant amplitude upstream of the step and hence dominate the structure of the boundary-layer flow over the step. The main goal of the present investigation is to illuminate the path to transition supported by the fascinatingly complex flow field in the direct downstream vicinity of a step with a super critical height. The high-resolution, stereographic Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurement dataset presently available for this flow field provides a complete description of the laminar flow for the execution of BiGlobal stability analysis in a plane parallel to the step. Although the notorious sensitivity of stability results to the description of the base flow demands a very careful uncertainty analysis of those results, it is argued that this very fact can be leveraged to produce new insight into the supported perturbation dynamics. In performing the analysis, several unsteady mode families are discovered that display the explosive perturbation expected for early transition to be induced. In considering domain widths equal to an integer-multiple of the incident crossflow-vortex wavelength and analyzing an extent of 5 crossflow-vortex wavelengths parallel to the step, it is found that the stability results converge while increasing the domain width. It is demonstrated, moreover, that the results for the wider domains can be approximated by appropriately averaging the results on neighboring single-crossflow-vortex-wavelength domains covering the same region. Besides being useful for computational purposes, this observed property suggests interpreting the instability mechanism as a distorted primary mechanism rather than a “proper” secondary mechanism. This follows in the context of the secondary in-stability analysis of three-dimensional boundary layers, because the secondary mechanism is usually characterized by being localized in a pocket of strong shear, while the distorted primary mechanism typically has an infinite support in the direction parallel to the step. Even though the growth rates are found to be sensitive to the interrogation-window size inherent to the PIV post-processing procedure, the spatial structure of the eigenfunctions is found to be relatively insensitive. Lastly, the spatial structure of the eigenfunctions corresponding to all velocity components are matched with the shape functions determined by computing the Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (SPOD) of a time-resolved measurement of the perturbation content.

forward-facing step↗
NASA NTRS1989

Modal techniques for analyzing airplane dynamics

A series of techniques are presented for analyzing airplane control and output characteristics. State-space matrix equations describing the linear perturbation dynamics are transformed from physical coordinates into scaled, modal coordinates. Techniques for analyzing the impacts of system inputs on the fundamental modes of motion and the appearance of these modes in the system outputs are explained. Scaled modal matrices are used to compute steady-state control inputs which optimize the steady-state response of selected system outputs. Graphics which promote quick understanding of the analysis are presented to display the resulting vectors and matrices. The defined analysis techniques are applied to an example airplane model, illustrating the insight which can be acquired using the described modal techniques.

Arbuckle, P. Douglas↗
DOE OSTI2026

High-quality axion from exact SUSY chiral dynamics

We use supersymmetric chiral dynamics perturbed by anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking to obtain a high-quality, composite axion that solves the strong problem. The strong dynamics arises from a supersymmetric SU(10) chiral gauge theory with massless matter chiral superfields. This leads to a stable, nonsupersymmetric vacuum, calculated exactly, where a spontaneously broken global symmetry, identified with the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry, gives rise to a composite QCD axion. The chiral gauge theory also admits a discrete (or ) gauge symmetry that forbids PQ-violating operators up to dimension eight. An extension to an chiral gauge theory incorporates grand unification where the unification scale is identified with the PQ-breaking scale and PQ-violating operators are forbidden up to dimension 20. The supersymmetry breaking scale, near 100 TeV, ameliorates the Higgs hierarchy problem, while colored Nambu–Goldstone bosons may be detected at future colliders via decays to gluons or form heavy isotopes.

Gherghetta, Tony↗
NASA NTRS1994

Multi-Flight-Phase GPS Navigation Filter Applications to Terrestrial Vehicle Navigation and Positioning

A candidate onboard space navigation filter demonstrated excellent performance (less than 8 meter level RMS semi-major axis accuracy) in performing orbit determination of a low-Earth orbit Explorer satellite using single-frequency real GPS data. This performance is significantly better than predicted by other simulation studies using dual-frequency GPS data. The study results revealed the significance of two new modeling approaches evaluated in the work. One approach introduces a single-frequency ionospheric correction through pseudo-range and phase range averaging implementation. The other approach demonstrates a precise axis-dependent characterization of dynamic sample space uncertainty to compute a more accurate Kalman filter gain. Additionally, this navigation filter demonstrates a flexibility to accommodate both perturbational dynamic and observational biases required for multi-flight phase and inhomogeneous application environments. This paper reviews the potential application of these methods and the filter structure to terrestrial vehicle and positioning applications. Both the single-frequency ionospheric correction method and the axis-dependent state noise modeling approach offer valuable contributions in cost and accuracy improvements for terrestrial GPS receivers. With a modular design approach to either 'plug-in' or 'unplug' various force models, this multi-flight phase navigation filter design structure also provides a versatile GPS navigation software engine for both atmospheric and exo-atmospheric navigation or positioning use, thereby streamlining the flight phase or application-dependent software requirements. Thus, a standardized GPS navigation software engine that can reduce the development and maintenance cost of commercial GPS receivers is now possible.

Park, Young W.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

From the Upper Troposphere Through the Stratosphere: How Satellite Measurements Help Us Decode the Past to Better Project the Future

Decades of observations of key chemical species are allowing us to more fully understand processes important to transport and composition from the upper troposphere through the stratosphere. This talk will focus on a few examples and how they are informing our understanding of variability, trends, and future projections. The growth of the Antarctic ozone hole (late 1970s – mid 1990s) caused a dynamical perturbation to the Southern Hemisphere stratospheric circulation visible in ozone, one of our longest and best observed chemical constituents, and illustrates the connection between chemical change and the coupled radiative and dynamical response that challenges chemistry-climate models (CCMs). The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is the dominant mode of interannual variability in the tropical stratosphere, however its impacts on stratospheric circulation and composition can be traced globally. The QBOs timing with respect to the seasonal cycle in each hemisphere is significant in understanding its impact on up to decadal scale variability. The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which dominates tropical tropospheric interannual variability, also affects the stratosphere and its influence is visible in our growing record of tropospheric and stratospheric composition measurements. I will discuss how our knowledge of response has grown and how representation of these observed responses in CCMs is key both to understanding recent trends and to reducing uncertainty in future changes of composition.

Luke David Oman↗
DOE OSTI2016

Uncertainty quantification for generalized Langevin dynamics

Here, we present efficient finite difference estimators for goal-oriented sensitivity indices with applications to the generalized Langevin equation (GLE). In particular, we apply these estimators to analyze an extended variable formulation of the GLE where other well known sensitivity analysis techniques such as the likelihood ratio method are not applicable to key parameters of interest. These easily implemented estimators are formed by coupling the nominal and perturbed dynamics appearing in the finite difference through a common driving noise or common random path. After developing a general framework for variance reduction via coupling, we demonstrate the optimality of the common random path coupling in the sense that it produces a minimal variance surrogate for the difference estimator relative to sampling dynamics driven by independent paths. In order to build intuition for the common random path coupling, we evaluate the efficiency of the proposed estimators for a comprehensive set of examples of interest in particle dynamics. These reduced variance difference estimators are also a useful tool for performing global sensitivity analysis and for investigating non-local perturbations of parameters, such as increasing the number of Prony modes active in an extended variable GLE.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗