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Results for “EOS Multi-Angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR)”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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NASA NTRS1994

Development of an Aerosol Opacity Retrieval Algorithm for Use with Multi-Angle Land Surface Images

In 1998, the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) will fly aboard the EOS-AM1 spacecraft. MISR will enable unique methods for retrieving the properties of atmospheric aerosols, by providing global imagery of the Earth at nine viewing angles in four visible and near-IR spectral bands. As part of the MISR algorithm development, theoretical methods of analyzing multi-angle, multi-spectral data are being tested using images acquired by the airborne Advanced Solid-State Array Spectroradiometer (ASAS). In this paper we derive a method to be used over land surfaces for retrieving the change in opacity between spectral bands, which can then be used in conjunction with an aerosol model to derive a bound on absolute opacity.

Advanced Solid-State Array Spectroradiometer ASAS ↗
NASA NTRS2000

What we can Learn About Aerosols from EOS-MISR Multi-Angle Remote Sensing Observations

Multiangle, multispectral remote sensing observations, such as those anticipated from the Earth Observing System (EOS) Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), promise to significantly improve our ability to constrain aerosol properties from space. Recent advances in modeling the Earth's climate have brought us to a point where the contributions made by aerosols to the global radiation budget noticeably affect the results. Knowledge of both aerosol optical depth and the microphysical properties of particles is needed to adequately model aerosol effects. This talk explores the ability of multiangle, multi-spectral remote sensing observations anticipated from the EOS MISR instrument, to retrieve aerosol optical depth and information about mixes of particle types, globally, at 17.6 km spatial resolution. The instrument is scheduled for launch into a 10:30 AM, sun-synchronous polar orbit in 1999.

Kahn, Ralph↗
NASA NTRS1995

The MISR Calibration Program

The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) is currently under development for NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS). The instrument consists of nine pushbroom cameras, each with four spectral bands in the visible and near-infrared. Detailed are the MISR preflight characteristics, design of the On-Board Calibrator, and the radiance product processing. Detailed specifications and test plans are given.

multi-angle↗
NASA NTRS1995

State of The Art Radiometer Standards For NASA'S Earth Observing System

The Multi-Angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), to be launched in 1998, is one of five instruments on NASA's first Earth Observing System (EOS) platform. The 3% absolute radiometric calibration requirement is considered challenging, particularly since it must be maintained through the five-year mission life. The Instrument requirements have led to the development of an On-Board Calibrator (OBC) consisting of diffuse panels and photodiode-based radiometric standards.

SpectroRadiometer↗
NASA NTRS1999

Constraining the Global, Cloud-Free Reflected Solar Radiation Flux (RSRF) with Earth Observing System (EOS) Instruments

Variations in the top-of-atmosphere reflected solar radiation flux, and in the factors that determine its value, are among the most important diagnostic indicators of changes in Earth's energy balance. Data from the MISR (Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer), MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), SAGE-3 (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment), and CERES (Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System), all of which are spacecraft instruments scheduled for launch in 1999, will each constrain pieces of the RSRF budget. Prior to launch, we are performing studies to determine the sensitivity of these instruments to key factors that influence the cloud-free RSRF: aerosol optical depth, aerosol scattering properties, and surface visible bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). We are also assessing the ability of the aggregate of instruments to constrain the overall RSRF budget under natural conditions over the globe. Consider the MISR retrieval of aerosols: according to simulations over cloud-free, calm ocean, for pure particles with natural ranges of optical depth, particle size, and indices of refraction, MISR can retrieve column aerosol optical depth for all but the darkest particles, to an uncertainty of at most 0.05 or 20%, whichever is larger, even if the particle properties are poorly known. For one common particle type, soot, constraints on the optical depth over dark ocean are very poor. The simulated measurements also allow us to distinguish spherical from non-spherical particles, to separate two to four compositional groups based on indices of refraction, and to identify three to four distinct size groups between 0. 1 and 2.0 microns characteristic radius at most latitudes. Based on these results, we expect to distinguish air masses containing different aerosol types, routinely and globally, with multiangle remote sensing data. Such results far exceed current satellite aerosol retrieval capabilities, which provide only total optical depth for assumed particle properties; the new information will complement in situ data, which give details about aerosol size and composition locally. In addition, our team is using climatologies that reflect the constraints each instrument is expected to provide, along with ERBE (Earth Radiation Budget Experiment) data and a radiative transfer code, to study overall sensitivity to RSRF, helping us prepare for similar studies with new data from the EOS-era instruments.

Kahn, Ralph↗
NASA NTRS1992

Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and observations of the land surface

The moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a NASA facility instrument that is being designed for flight on the Earth Observing System (EOS) series of missions. It is designed to measure biophysical states and dynamics of the land, atmosphere, and ocean. Plans are required for use of other instruments that will be accompanying MODIS on the EOS missions, such as the High-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (HIRIS) and the Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR). The HIRIS instrument, a spectrometer operating in the visible to shortwave infrared parts of the spectrum, would be employed in combination with the MODIS to understand the impact of sampling the spectrum and the effects of land cover mixtures within the MODIS pixel. The MISR will help in understanding the effects of anisotropy in reflected solar radiation. Both instruments will work in combination with MODIS to better quantify the effects of the atmosphere on observations of surface properties.

Salomonson, V. V.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Recent Results From The Nasa Earth Science Terra Mission and Future Possibilities

The NASA Earth Sciences Enterprise has made some remarkable strides in recent times in using developing, implementing, and utilizing spaceborne observations to better understand how the Earth works as a coupled, interactive system of the land, ocean, and atmosphere. Notable examples include the Upper Atmosphere Research (UARS) Satellite, the Topology Ocean Experiment (TOPEX) mission, Landsat-7, SeaWiFS, the Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission (TRMM), Quickscatt, the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), and, quite recently, the Terra'/Earth Observing System-1 mission. The Terra mission, for example, represents a major step forward in providing sensors that offer considerable advantages and progress over heritage instruments. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS), the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT), the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emissions and Reflections (ASTER) radiometer, and the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) radiometer are the instruments involved. Early indications in March indicate that each of these instruments are working well and will be augmenting data bases from heritage instruments as well as producing new, unprecedented observations of land, ocean, and atmosphere features. Several missions will follow the Terra mission as the Earth Observing mission systems complete development and go into operation. These missions include EOS PM-1/'Aqua', Icesat, Vegetation Canopy Lidar (VCL), Jason/TOPEX Follow-on, the Chemistry mission, etc. As the Earth Observing systems completes its first phase in about 2004 a wealth of data enabling better understanding of the Earth and the management of its resources will have been provided. Considerable thought is beginning to be placed on what advances in technology can be implemented that will enable further advances in the early part of the 21st century; e.g., in the time from of 2020. Concepts such as 'constellation' missions or 'formation flying' with 'sensorcraft', 'sensor webs', autonomous operation of satellites, more on-board processing and delivery to individual users, data synthesis and analysis in real-time, etc. are being considered. With the data now having been and soon to be received plus the very real possibilities of further advances in use and applicability of data the potential for very significant gains in knowledge for Earth studies and applications looks quite high in the next decade or two.

Salomonson, Vincent V.↗