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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Accelerator Physics Lessons From CBETA, the First Multi-turn SRF ERL

The Cornell-BNL ERL Test Accelerator (CBETA) has been designed, constructed, and commissioned in a collaboration between Cornell and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). It focuses on energy-saving measures in accelerators, including permanent magnets, energy recovery, and superconductors; it has thus been referred to as a green accelerator. CBETA has become the world's first Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) that accelerates through multiple turns and then recovers the energy in superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities though multiple decelerating turns. The energy is then available to accelerate more beam. It has also become the first accelerator that operates 7 beams in the same large-energy aperture Fixed Field Alternating-gradient (FFA) lattice. The FFA is constructed of permanent combined function magnets and transports energies of 42, 78, 114, and 150 MeV simultaneously. Accelerator physics lessons from the commissioning period will be described and applications of such an accelerator from hadron cooling to EUV lithography and from nuclear physics to a compact Compton source will be discussed.

Deitrick, K. E.↗
DOE OSTI2022

ERL-BASED COMPACT X-RAY FEL

We propose to develop an energy-recovery-linac (ERL)- based X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL). Taking advantage of the demonstrated high-efficiency energy recovery of the beam power in the ERL, the proposed concept offers the following benefits: i) recirculating the electron beam through high-gradient superconducting RF (SRF) cavities shortens the linac, ii) energy recovery in the SRF linac saves the klystron power and reduces the beam dump power, iii) the high average beam power produces a high average photon brightness. In addition, such a concept has the capability of delivering optimized high-brightness CW X-ray FEL performance at different energies with simultaneous multipole sources. In this paper, we will present the preliminary results on the study of feasibility, optics design and parameter optimization of such a device.

Lin, Fanglei↗
DOE OSTI2022

Beam Dynamics Challenges of a Far-Future ERL-Based Collider - The Ghost Collider

Beam Dynamics Challenges of a Far-Future ERL-Based Collider - The Ghost Collider In a recent paper, Valery Telnov proposed a linear collider based on twin axis cavities [1]. In a subsequent presentation, Erk Jensen proposed a modification with intra-bucket energy recovery [2], which eliminates higher order mode excitation. Interestingly, this means that there is no need for large aperture SRF cavities and high-power HOM couplers. The Ghost Collider adopts these ideas, and adds the concept of four-beam collisions (initially proposed by Joel LeDuff [3]) to remove beam-beam interactions and disruption. This concept brings up a series of new beam dynamics problems which make optimization of the parameters difficult. The presentation will describe the concept, which has a series of beam-dynamics challenges to be solved before the concept can advance. [1] V.I. Telnov, JINST 16 (2021) no.12, P12025 [2] E. Jensen https://indico.cern.ch/event/1040671/?view=nicecompact [3] Status Report on D. C. I, The Orsay Storage Ring Group, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. NS-26, No.3, June 1979

Hutton, Andrew↗
DOE OSTI2021

The ERL Facility PERLE at Orsay

The realisation of the LHeC and the FCC-eh at CERN require the development of the energy recovering technique in multipass mode and for large currents O(10) mA in the SRF cavities. For this purpose, a technology development facility, PERLE, is under design to be built at IJCLab Orsay, which has the key LHeC ERL parameters, in terms of configuration, source, current, frequency and technical solutions, cryomodule, stacked magnets. In this talk we review the design and comment on the status of PERLE.

Bogacz, Alex↗
DOE OSTI2024

Beam Dynamics of the Strong Hadron Cooler ERL at the Electron-Ion Collider

The Strong Hadron Cooler Energy Recovery Linac (SHC-ERL) for the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is required to produce an electron beam with a bunch charge of 1 nC, an average current of 100 mA, and a beam energy of both 150 and 55 MeV, with strict requirements for the transverse emittance, slice energy spread, and longitudinal distribution. This paper covers the design in detail, including preliminary considerations of higher order effects and diagnostics.

Deitrick, K.↗
DOE OSTI2021

USING ER@CEBAF TO SHOW THAT A MULTIPASS ERL CAN DRIVE AN XFEL

A multi-pass recirculating superconducting CW linac offers a cost effective path to a multi-user facility with unprecedented scientific and industrial reach over a wide range of disciplines. We propose such a facility as an option for a potential UK-XFEL. Energy Recovery enables multi-MHz FEL sources, for example, an X-ray FEL oscillator or regenerative amplifier FEL. Additionally, combining with external lasers and/or self-interaction would provide access to MeV and GeV gamma-rays via inverse Compton scattering at high average power for nuclear and particle physics applications. An opportunity exists to demonstrate the necessary point-to-parallel longitudinal matches to drive an XFEL and successfully energy recover at the upcoming 5-pass up, 5-pass down Energy Recovery experiment on CEBAF at JLab termed ER@CEBAF. We show candidate matches and simulations supporting the minimal necessary modifications to CEBAF this will require. This includes linearisation of the longitudinal phase space in the injector and a reduction in the dispersion of the arcs, both of which increase the energy acceptance of CEBAF. We expect to commence initial tests of these adaptations on CEBAF during 2021.

Perez-Segurana, G.↗
DOE OSTI2021

An Evolutionary Algorithm Approach to Multi-Pass ERL Optics Design

An Energy Recovery Experiment at CEBAF (ER@CEBAF) is aimed at demonstrating high energy, low current, multi-pass energy recovery at the existing 12 GeV CEBAF accelerator. The beam break-up instability, limiting the maximum beam current, can be controlled through minimizing beta functions for the lowest energy pass, which gives a preference to strongly focusing optics, e.g. a semi-periodic FODO lattice. On the other hand, one needs to limit beta function excursions, caused by under focusing, at the higher energy passes, which in turn favors weakly focusing linac optics. Balancing both effects is the main objective of proposed multi-pass linac optics optimization. Here, we discuss an optics design process for ER@CEBAF transverse optics using a genetic algorithm.

Neththikumara, I.↗
DOE OSTI2024

OPTIMIZATION OF COOLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE EIC SHC COOLER ERL

The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) will use strong hadron cooling to maintain the beam brightness and high luminosity during long collision ex?periments. An Energy Recovery Linac is used to deliver the high-current high-brightness electron beam for cooling. For the best cooling effect, the electron beam requires low emittance, small energy spread, and uniform longitudinal distribution. In this work, we simulate and optimize the longitudinal laser-beam distribution shaping at the photo?cathode, modeling space charge forces accurately. Machine parameters such as RF cavity phases are optimized in con?junction with the beam distribution using a genetic optimizer. We demonstrate improvement of the cooling distribution in key parameters.

Wang, N.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Ion Trapping Studies and Mitigation Strategies for the EIC ERL-Based Strong Hadron Cooler

An Energy Recovery Linac based strong hadron cooler was previously considered for the Electron-Ion Collider. The required electron beam parameters for variable-energy strong hadron cooling place significant constraints on ion trapping and collective effects. This paper presents initial studies of these constraints through a combination of analytical modelling and numerical simulations of ion production, trapping behaviour, and mitigation strategies. A multi-bunch tracking framework based on ELEGANT with the ionEffects module is used to simulate machine operation over millisecond time scales, corresponding to more than 3 × 10^5 electron bunches. The simulations include modelling of ionisation processes together with transverse electron–ion dynamics, allowing the evolution and accumulation of ions to be investigated. Analytical expressions based on Gaussian beam distributions are used to estimate ion trapping conditions and benchmark the simulation results. A bi-periodic bunch spacing scheme is also investigated as a possible mitigation method by detuning the ion oscillation frequency. These studies provide an initial assessment of ion trapping in the strong hadron cooler and demonstrate possible approaches for reducing beam–ion effects.

Bi, R. [Lancaster University, Cockcroft Institute]↗
DOE OSTI2023

Studies of Conventional and ERL-Based Re-Circulator Electron Cooling for an Electron Ion Collider (Final Report)

The envisioned Electron Ion Collider will be comprised of a chain of accelerators, each employing electron cooling. Depending on the purpose, each accelerator will employ some form of electron cooling: conventional DC type, Energy Recovering Linac-based recirculator, or coherent electron cooling. Each electron cooling type has its own peculiarities that need to be studied, understood, and their performance optimized to maximize luminosity; these are the subjects of this project. In particular, we developed the first microscopic electron cooling modeling and simulation framework that was also benchmarked against experiment. We proved for the first time the feasibility of first principle, accurate and efficient electron cooling simulations with a minimal number of assumptions and approximations that match empirical studies.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

A Novel Solid Form of Erlotinib: Synthesis by Heterogeneous Complexation and Characterization by NMR Crystallography

We describe the synthesis of a novel complex of the anticancer "active pharmaceutical ingredient erlotinib (ERL) via heterogeneous nucleation on polished zinc tiles. The resulting product, ERL 2 ·ZnCl 2 , is characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, multinuclear solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Also characterized are the hydrochloride salt (ERL·HCl) and monohydrate free base (ERL·H 2 O) forms of erlotinib. 13 C ssNMR spectroscopy is useful for site-by-site assignment and rapid fingerprinting, while also providing preliminary structural interpretations, such as the number of molecules in the asymmetric unit. 35 Cl ssNMR can readily differentiate between the chloride ions in ERL·HCl and the covalently bonded chlorine in ERL 2 ·ZnCl 2 . 15 N ssNMR proves to be critical here because of the large isotropic chemical shift differences between ERL·H 2 O, ERL·HCl, and ERL 2 ·ZnCl 2 . The 15 N chemical shift tensors are linked directly to differences in structure and bonding with the aid of DFT calculations. Together, these results demonstrate the utility of multinuclear NMR crystallography for the characterization of solid forms of APIs, especially when other analytical techniques face significant challenges.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Beneficial effect of surfactant in adsorption/desorption of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes on/from lignin with different structure

Nonionic surfactant Tween 80 is effective in alleviating the adsorption of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes onto lignin. However, the impacts of lignin structural characteristics on this mitigation effect of Tween 80 were still not clear. Herein, effects of Tween 80 on cellulase and xylanase adsorption on different enzymatic residual lignins (ERLs) and poplar samples were investigated. Besides, effects of Tween 80 on desorption of the two enzyme preparations from different ERLs and poplar samples were also evaluated. By adding Tween 80, the inhibition of ERLs to cellulase hydrolysis was offset and the positive role of Tween 80 in Avicel hydrolysis with presence of ERLs was more effective. Binding strength of cellulase with ERLs was alleviated from 236.0 – 410.9 to 43.9 – 116.6 mL/g after adding 0.5 mg/mL Tween 80. When ERLs was more hydrophobic and had more condensed phenolic OH, the alleviation effect of Tween 80 on cellulase adsorption on ERLs was intensified but its positive effect on enhancing cellulase desorption was weakened. Tween 80 was effective in increasing xylanase activity and preventing xylanase deactivation. Further, with the increase of lignin content and phenolic OH in pretreated poplar, the effect of Tween 80 in alleviating xylanase adsorption on poplar samples was intensified but the effect in enhancing xylanase desorption from poplar samples was weakened. The results provided distinct findings to understand the interaction between Tween 80 and cellulase/xylanase in enzymatic saccharification of lignocelluloses.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Modeling of standing wave RF cavities for tracking through multi-pass energy recovery linac

Short bunches, high current and multiple linac pass are all characteristics of Energy Recovery Linacs (ERLs), which may result in collective effects. They in turn, may affect the beam, degrading its quality, or even yield to instabilities causing a beam loss. To study and mitigate these effects one needs a numerical simulation code, that can take into account both the collective effects, as well as, particular ERL features, such as a multi-turn design that does not reach a steady state or the multiple passages of the beam through Radio-Frequency (RF) cavities at different energies. CODAL [1], a code developed by SOLEIL in collaboration with IJCLab, enables such studies. It is a 6 dimensional (6D) tracking code applying 'kicks' based on the integration of the local Hamiltonian for each element of the lattice. It is also capable of simulating space charge, wakefields and coherent synchrotron radiation. However, to correctly take into account the ERL dynamics, an upgrade had to be made to include the effect of a standing wave RF cavity in 6D. In this paper, we will concentrate on the implementation and benchmarking (with DESY’s tracking code ASTRA [2]) of both the longitudinal and the transverse models (by J.B. Rosenzweig and L. Serafini [3]), which we use to carry out tracking of fully analytical 6D RF cavity.

Bogacz, A.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Beam dynamics driven design of powerful energy recovery linac for experiments

Powerful ERL for experiments (PERLE) is a novel energy recovery linac (ERL) test facility [1], designed to validate choices for a 50 GeV ERL foreseen in the design of the Large Hadron Electron Collider and the Future Circular Collider and to host dedicated nuclear and particle physics experiments. Its main goal is to demonstrate the high current, continuous wave, multipass operation with superconducting cavities at 802 MHz. With very high beam power (10 MW), PERLE offers an opportunity for controllable study of every beam dynamic effect of interest in the next generation of ERLs and becomes a “stepping stone” between the present state-of-the-art 1 MW ERLs and the future 100 MW scale applications. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗