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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Entanglement Benchmarking in Quantum Simulations of Spin Systems

We simulate quantum spin systems and measure entanglement using circuits tailored for near-term quantum computers. Traditional tools like entanglement entropy are limited to pure states and require full state tomography, making them impractical on current hardware. Instead, we employ the novel approach, Positive Partial Transpose (PPT) criterion to efficiently detect pairwise entanglement from two-spin reduced density matrices, applicable to both pure and mixed states. This method enables scalable entanglement detection, providing a practical route to study quantum correlations, phase transitions, and benchmark quantum devices.

Baul, Anshumitra [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000268947191)↗
DOE OSTI2025

Infinite temperature at zero energy

We construct a family of static, geometrically local Hamiltonians that inherit eigenstate properties of periodically-driven (Floquet) systems. Our construction is a variation of the Feynman-Kitaev clock -- a well-known mapping between quantum circuits and local Hamiltonians -- where the clock register is given periodic boundary conditions. Assuming the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) holds for the input circuit, our construction yields Hamiltonians whose eigenstates have properties characteristic of infinite temperature, like volume-law entanglement entropy, across the whole spectrum -- including the ground state. We then construct a family of exactly solvable Floquet quantum circuits whose eigenstates are shown to obey the ETH at infinite temperature. Combining the two constructions yields a new family of local Hamiltonians with provably volume-law-entangled ground states, and the first such construction where the volume law holds for all contiguous subsystems.

FOS: Physical sciences↗
DOE OSTI2026

Entanglement Requirements for Coherent Enhancement in Detectors

Coherent enhancement is a powerful mechanism for improving the sensitivity of a wide range of detectors, but its practical use is often limited by the difficulty of preparing the required quantum states. We show that this difficulty has a fundamental origin: coherent enhancement of a signal interacting with a detector is quantitatively constrained by entanglement. We prove general bounds on how the strength of coherent effects can scale with system size, as a function of the single-mode entanglement entropy of the detector. These bounds smoothly interpolate between the incoherent and fully coherent regimes, and apply both to parameter-estimation problems and to scattering processes. We discuss these results from two complementary perspectives: First, they appear as bounds on the quantum Fisher information of many-body states, which translate directly into limits on parameter sensitivity via the quantum Cramér-Rao bound. Second, they can be interpreted as limits on a class of scattering cross sections, leading to predictions for how minimum detectable interaction strengths scale with target size. Together, these results provide a unified view of coherent enhancement in metrology and scattering experiments, and motivate the development of new techniques for generating entangled detector states.

Bogorad, Zachary [Fermilab] (ORCID:000000019913647↗
DOE OSTI2025

Higher Hall conductivity from a single wave function: Obstructions to symmetry-preserving gapped edge of (2+1)-dimensional topological order

A (2+1)D topologically ordered phase with U(1) symmetry may or may not have a symmetric gapped edge state, even if both thermal and electric Hall conductivity are vanishing. It has recently been discovered that there are “higher” versions of Hall conductivity valid for fermionic fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states that obstruct symmetry-preserving gapped edge states beyond thermal and electric Hall conductivity. In this paper, we show that one can extract higher Hall conductivity from a single wave function of an FQH state, by evaluating the expectation value of the “partial rotation” unitary, which is a combination of partial spatial rotation and a U(1) phase rotation. This result is verified numerically with the fermionic Laughlin state with 𝜈=1/3 and 1/5, as well as the non-Abelian Moore-Read state. Together with topological entanglement entropy, we prove that the expectation values of the partial rotation completely determine if a bosonic/fermionic Abelian topological order with U(1) symmetry has a symmetry-preserving gappable edge state or not. We also show that thermal and electric Hall conductivity of Abelian topological order can be extracted by partial rotations. Even in non-Abelian FQH states, partial rotation provides the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis type theorem constraining the low-energy spectrum of the bulk-boundary system. The generalization of higher Hall conductivity to the case with Lie group symmetry is also presented.

2-dimensional systems↗
DOE OSTI2025

Holography for BCFTs with multiple boundaries: multi-splitting quenches

We elaborate on the method introduced in arXiv:2403.02165 for holographic duals of Boundary Conformal Field Theories (BCFTs) with multiple boundaries. Naïvely, as the number of boundaries grow large such a calculation becomes unmanageable. We show that is not always the case. Using these advances we calculate the entanglement entropy as a function of time for 1+1-dimensional CFTs that are split into N subsystems. We give explicit results for N = 4 and N = 17. We find that all qualitative differences that arise for larger N are present N = 4.

AdS-CFT correspondence↗
DOE OSTI2026

Realization of fermionic Laughlin state on a quantum processor

Strongly correlated topological phases of matter are central to modern condensed matter physics and quantum information technology but often challenging to probe and control in material systems. The experimental difficulty of accessing these phases has motivated the use of engineered quantum platforms for simulation and manipulation of exotic topological states. Among these, the Laughlin state stands as a cornerstone for topological matter, embodying fractionalization, anyonic excitations, and incompressibility. Although its bosonic analogs have been realized on programmable quantum simulators, a genuine fermionic Laughlin state has yet to be demonstrated on a quantum processor. Here, we realize the ν = 1/3 fermionic Laughlin state on IonQ’s trapped-ion quantum computer using an efficient and scalable Hamiltonian variational ansatz with 369 two-qubit gates on a 16-qubit circuit. Employing symmetry-verification error mitigation, we extract key observables that characterize the Laughlin state, including correlation hole, bulk-edge correspondence, and topological entanglement entropy, with strong agreement to exact diagonalization benchmarks. This work demonstrates an end-to-end workflow to simulate material-intrinsic topological orders and provides a starting point to explore its dynamics and excitations on digital quantum processors.

Shen, Lingnan [Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (U↗
DOE OSTI2025

Entanglement properties of SU(2) gauge theory

Understanding how isolated quantum systems thermalize is central to both fundamental physics and the development of quantum technologies. In this Perspective, we present recent and new results on thermalization in nonabelian gauge theory from exact real-time simulations of two-dimensional lattice models. We discuss tests of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, entanglement entropy dynamics, the absence of persistent non-thermal states, spectral signatures, and measures of quantum complexity. Our new results include a two-step thermalization process in localized regions and the role of higher gauge field representations. These findings suggest that thermalization in gauge theories may offer a test case for quantum advantage.

information theory and computation↗
DOE OSTI2026

Scattering theory of frequency-entangled biphoton states facilitated by cavity polaritons

The use of quantum light to probe exciton properties in semiconductor and molecular nanostructures typically occurs in the low-intensity regime. A substantial enhancement of exciton-photon coupling can be achieved with photonic cavities, where excitons hybridize with cavity modes to form polariton states. Here, to provide a theoretical framework for interpreting emerging experimental efforts in this direction, we develop a scattering theory describing the interaction of frequency-entangled photon pairs with cavity polariton and bipolariton states under various coupling regimes. Employing the Tavis-Cummings model in combination with our scattering approach, we present a quantitative analysis of how the interaction of the entangled photon pair with the polariton or bipolariton modifies its joint spectral amplitude (JSA). Specifically, we examine the effects of the cavity-mode steady-state population, exciton-cavity coupling strength, and different forms of the input photon JSA. Our results show that the entanglement entropy of the scattered photons is highly sensitive to the interplay between the input JSA and the spectral line shapes of the polariton resonances, emphasizing the cavity filtering effects. We suggest that biphoton-scattering quantum light spectroscopy best serves as a sensitive probe of polariton and bipolariton states in the photon-vacuum cavity state. Our approach is not only robust to various regimes of cavity-exciton coupling, but also amenable to extensions beyond the Tavis-Cummings model, enabling the representation of a broad class of molecular systems and solid state quantum materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Quantum Ising model on (2+1)-dimensional anti–de Sitter space using tensor networks

We study the quantum Ising model on (2+1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter space using matrix product states (MPS) and matrix product operators (MPOs). We explore the bulk phase diagram of the theory on regular tessellations of hyperbolic space with coordination number seven and find disordered and ordered phases separated by a phase transition. We find that the boundary-boundary spin correlation function exhibits power law scaling deep in the disordered phase of the Ising model consistent with holography. At the critical point, we find the boundary entanglement entropy scales logarithmically with subsystem size but away from this, we see a linear scaling. In comparison, the full system exhibits a volume law scaling, which is expected in chaotic and/or highly connected systems. We also measure out of time ordered correlators (OTOCs) to explore the scrambling behavior of the theory.

Quantum spin models↗
DOE OSTI2025

Emergent Nonthermal Fluid from Jets in the Massive Schwinger Model Using Tensor Networks

We analyze the correlation between the energy, momentum, and spatial entanglement produced by two luminal jets in the massive Schwinger model. Using tensor network methods, we show that for m/g > 1/π, in the vicinity of the strong- to weak-coupling transition, a nearly perfect and chargeless effective fluid behavior appears around the midrapidity region with a universal energy-pressure relationship. The evolution of energy and pressure is strongly correlated with the rise of the spatial entanglement entropy, indicating a key role of quantum dynamics. Some of these observations may be used to analyze high multiplicity jet fragmentation events, energy-energy and energy-charge correlators at current collider energies.

Ab initio calculations↗
DOE OSTI2025

Towards absolutely stable ergodicity breaking in two and three dimensions

We propose physically reasonable systems capable of avoiding ergodicity at infinite time in the thermodynamic limit, even with generic perturbations and when coupled to a heat bath. In two dimensions, the rainbow loop soup has (stretched) exponentially numerous absolutely stable nonergodic states with diverging energy but vanishing energy density. In three dimensions the rainbow membrane soup has (stretched) exponentially numerous nonergodic states with diverging energy barriers, leading to infinite-time robust ergodicity breaking that even survives coupling to a nonzero temperature heat bath. We describe our results in the language of exact emergent symmetries and demonstrate how the systems avoid common instabilities. Furthermore, our construction naturally connects to quantum dimer models, topologically ordered systems, the group word construction, and Hamiltonians whose low-energy eigenstates exhibit anomalous entanglement entropy.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

Neutrino many-body flavor evolution: The full Hamiltonian

We study neutrino flavor evolution in the quantum many-body approach using the full neutrino-neutrino Hamiltonian, including the usually neglected terms that mediate nonforward scattering processes. Working in the occupation number representation with plane waves as single-particle states, we explore the time evolution of simple initial states with up to N = 10 neutrinos. We discuss the time evolution of the Loschmidt echo, one body flavor and kinetic observables, and the one-body entanglement entropy. For the small systems considered, we observe “thermalization” of both flavor and momentum degrees of freedom on comparable time scales, with results converging towards expectation values computed within a microcanonical ensemble. We also observe that the inclusion of nonforward processes generates a faster flavor evolution compared to the one induced by the truncated (forward) Hamiltonian. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Cirigliano, Vincenzo (ORCID:000000029056754X)↗
DOE OSTI2024

Horocycle regulator: Exact cutoff-independence in AdS/CFT

While the entanglement entropy of a single subregion in quantum field theory is formally infinite and requires regularization, certain combinations of entropies are perfectly finite in the limit that the regulator is removed, the mutual information being a common example. For generic regulator schemes, such as a holographic calculation with a uniform radial cutoff, these quantities show nontrivial dependence on the regulator at finite values of the cutoff. We investigate a holographic regularization scheme defined in three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space constructed from , curves in two-dimensional hyperbolic space perpendicular to all geodesics approaching a single point on the boundary, that leads to finite information measures that are cutoff independent, even at finite values of the regulator. We describe a broad class of such information measures, and describe how the field theory dual to the horocycle regulator is inherently nonlocal. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Agrawal, Sristy↗
DOE OSTI2025

Multipartite entanglement structure of fibered link states

We study the patterns of multipartite entanglement in Chern-Simons theory with compact simple gauge group 𝐺 and level 𝑘 for states defined by the path integral on “link complements,” i.e., compact manifolds whose boundaries consist of 𝑛 topologically linked tori. We focus on link complements which can be described topologically as fibrations over a Seifert surface. We show that the entanglement structure of such fibered link complement states is controlled by a topological invariant, the monodromy of the fibration. Thus, the entanglement structure of a Chern-Simons link state is not simply a function of the link, but also of the background manifold in which the link is embedded. In particular, we show that any link possesses an embedding into some background that leads to Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state (GHZ)-like entanglement. Furthermore, we demonstrate that all fibered links with periodic monodromy have GHZ-like entanglement, i.e., a partial trace on any link component produces a separable state. These results generalize to any three dimensional topological field theory with a dual chiral rational conformal field theory.

conformal field theory↗
DOE OSTI2026

Thermal nature of confining strings

We investigate the quantum statistical properties of the confining string connecting a static fermion-antifermion pair in the massive Schwinger model. By analyzing the reduced density matrix of the subsystem located in between the fermion and antifermion, we demonstrate that as the interfermion separation approaches the string-breaking distance, the overlap between the microscopic density matrix and an effective thermal density matrix exhibits a pronounced, narrow peak, approaching unity at the onset of string breaking. This behavior reveals that the confining flux tube evolves toward a genuinely thermal state as the separation between the charges grows, even in the absence of an external heat bath. In other words, one cannot tell whether a reduced state of the subsystem arises from a surrounding heat bath or from entanglement with the rest of the system. The entanglement spectrum near the critical string-breaking distance exhibits a rapid transition from the dominance of a single state describing the confining electric string towards a strongly entangled state containing virtual fermion-antifermion pairs. Our findings establish a quantitative link between confinement, entanglement, and emergent thermality, and suggest that string breaking corresponds to a microscopic thermalization transition within the flux tube.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Robust Singularity Theorem

We prove the Penrose-Wall singularity theorem in the full semiclassical gravity regime, significantly expanding its range of validity. To accomplish this, we modify the definition of quantum-trapped surfaces without affecting their genericity. Our theorem excludes controlled “bounces” in the interior of a black hole and in a large class of cosmologies.

Entanglement entropy↗
DOE OSTI2026

Characterization of the quantum state of top quark pairs produced in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV using the beam and helicity bases

Measurements of the spin correlation coefficients in the beam basis are presented for top quark-antiquark $(t\bar{t}⁢)$ systems produced in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment in 2016–2018, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1 . The $t\bar{t}$ system is reconstructed from final states containing an electron or muon and jets. Together with the previously reported results in the helicity basis, these measurements are used to decompose the system into the Bell and spin eigenstates in various kinematic regions. The spin correlation coefficients are also used to evaluate properties of the $t\bar{t}$ quantum state, such as the purity, von Neumann entropy, and entanglement. All results are consistent with standard model predictions.

Hayrapetyan, Aram [Yerevan Physics Institute]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Subregion-subalgebra duality: Emergence of space and time in holography

In holographic duality, a higher dimensional quantum gravity system emerges from a lower dimensional conformal field theory (CFT) with a large number of degrees of freedom. We propose a formulation of duality for a general causally complete bulk spacetime region, called subregion-subalgebra duality, which provides a framework to describe how geometric notions in the gravity system, such as spacetime subregions, different notions of times, and causal structure, emerge from the dual CFT. Subregion-subalgebra duality generalizes and brings new insights into subregion-subregion duality (or equivalently entanglement wedge reconstruction). It provides a mathematically precise definition of subregion-subregion duality and gives an independent definition of entanglement wedges without using entropy. Geometric properties of entanglement wedges, including those that play a crucial role in interpreting the bulk as a quantum error correcting code, can be understood from the duality as the geometrization of the superadditivity of certain algebras. Using general boundary subalgebras rather than those associated with geometric subregions makes it possible to find duals for general bulk spacetime regions, including those not touching the boundary. Applying subregion-subalgebra duality to a boundary state describing a single-sided black hole also provides a precise way to define mirror operators. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Leutheusser, Sam (ORCID:0000000339228128)↗