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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Global fit of electron and neutrino elastic scattering data to determine the strange quark contribution to the vector and axial form factors of the nucleon

We present a global fit of neutral-current elastic (NCE) neutrino-scattering data and parity-violating electron-scattering (PVES) data with the goal of determining the strange quark contribution to the vector and axial form factors of the proton. Previous fits of this form included data from a variety of PVES experiments (PVA4, HAPPEx, G0, SAMPLE) and the NCE neutrino and anti-neutrino data from BNL E734. These fits did not constrain the strangeness contribution to the axial form factor G A s ( Q 2 ) at low Q 2 very well because there was no NCE data for Q 2 < 0.45 GeV 2 . Our new fit includes for the first time MiniBooNE NCE data from both neutrino and antineutrino scattering; this experiment used a hydrocarbon target and so a model of the neutrino interaction with the carbon nucleus was required. Three different nuclear models have been employed: a relativistic Fermi gas model, the superscaling approximation model, and a spectral function model. We find a tremendous improvement in the constraint of G A s ( Q 2 ) at low Q 2 compared to previous work, although more data is needed from NCE measurements that focus on exclusive single-proton final states, for example from MicroBooNE. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Antineutrino Neutral Current Interactions in MiniBooNE

This dissertation reports the antineutrino-nucleus neutral current elastic scattering cross section on CH 2 measured by the MiniBooNE experiment located in Batavia, IL. The data set consists of 60,605 events passing the selection cuts corresponding to 10.1×10 20 POT, which represents the world’s largest sample of antineutrino neutral current elastic scattering events. The final sample is more than one order of magnitude lager that the previous antineutrino NCE scattering cross section measurement reported by the BNL E734 experiment. The measurement presented in this dissertation also spans a wider range in Q 2 , including the low-Q 2 regime where the cross section rollover is clearly visible. A X 2 -based minimization was performed to determine the best value of the axial mass, M A and the Pauli blocking scaling function, that matches the antineutrino NCE scattering data. However, the best fit values of M A =1.29 GeV and K=1.026 still give a relatively poor X 2 , which suggests that the underlying nuclear model (based largely on the relativistic Fermi gas model) may not be an accurate representation for this particular interaction. Additionally, we present a measurement of the antineutrino/neutrino-nucleus NCE scattering cross section ratio. The neutrino mode NCE sample used in this study, corresponding to 6.4 × 10 20 POT, is also the world’s largest sample (also by an order of magnitude). We have demonstrated that the ratio measurement is robust, as most of the correlated errors cancel, as expected. Furthermore, this ratio also proves to be rather insensitive to variations in the axial mass and the Pauli blocking parameter. This is the first time that this ratio has been experimentally reported. We believe this measurement will aid the theoretical physics community to test various model predictions of neutrino-nucleon/nucleus interactions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Analysis of charged-current neutrino-nucleus cross section

A study of the cross section for chaged-current quasielastic (CCQE) scattering on nuclei has been performed using a description of nuclear dynamics based on the Relativistic Fermi Gas model (RFG). The role played by different parametrizations for the weak nucleon form factors is analyzed taking into account the relevance of the axial mass value. The results obtained are compared with the recent data for neutrinos measured by the MiniBooNE Collaboration.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Relativistic distorted-wave analysis of quasielastic proton-nucleus scattering

A relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation formalism is presented for the calculation of quasielastic proton-nucleus scattering. It is shown that the double differential cross section may be written as a contraction between the hadronic tensor (describing the projectile and ejectile) and the polarization tensor (describing the nuclear target) and that this mathematical structure also holds for the case where distortions are included. The eikonal approximation is used to introduce distortions in the wave functions, and the nuclear response is described using a Fermi gas model. The highly oscillatory nine-dimensional integrand contained in the expression for the double differential cross section is computed using a novel technique based on combining traditional Gaussian integration methods with the powerful fitting functions in the matlab programming language. This work has successfully calculated the distorted-wave quasielastic differential cross section for proton-nucleus scattering within a fully relativistic framework. It is found that the distortions lead to a reduction in the double differential cross section and have a negligible effect on the computed spin observables.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Subleading corrections to the S 3 free energy of necklace quiver theories dual to massive IIA

We investigate the S 3 free energy of N = 3 Chern-Simons-matter quiver gauge theories with gauge group U(N) r (r ≥ 2) where the sum of Chern-Simons levels does not vanish, beyond the leading order in the large-N limit. We take two different approaches to explore the sub-leading structures of the free energy. First we evaluate the matrix integral for the partition function in the ’t Hooft limit using a saddle point approximation. Second we use an ideal Fermi-gas model to compute the same partition function, but in the limit of fixed Chern-Simons levels. The resulting expressions for the free energy F = – log Z are then compared in the overlapping parameter regime. The Fermi-gas approach also hints at a universal 1/6 log N correction to the free energy. Since the quiver gauge theories we consider are dual to massive Type IIA theory, we expect the sub-leading correction of the planar free energy in the large ’t Hooft parameter limit to match higher-derivative corrections to the tree-level holographic dual free energy, which have not yet been fully investigated.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Quasi-Elastic Scattering and Pion Production at MINER$\nu$A

MINER$\nu$A is a neutrino scattering experiment to make precision measurements of cross sections and investigate nuclear effects. A precise understanding of quasi-elastic and charged pion interactions is crucial to neutrino oscillation measurements. We present measurements of the differential cross sections for charged-current quasi-elastic scattering of neutrinos, antineutrinos and charged-current inclusive pion production on a hydrocarbon target. Comparisons of measurements with theoretical models are reported. We find the shape of the quasi-elastic differential cross section for neutrinos and antineutrinos disfavor a simple Relativistic Fermi Gas model and for charged-current pion differential cross section the data is consistent with the GENIE simulation using final state interactions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Thermodynamics of an interacting Fermi system in the static fluctuation approximation

We suggest a new method of calculation of the equilibrium correlation functions of an arbitrary order for the interacting Fermi-gas model in the framework of the static fluctuation approximation method. This method based only on a single and controllable approximation allows obtaining the so-called far-distance equations. These equations connecting the quantum states of a Fermi particle with variables of the local field operator contain all necessary information related to the calculation of the desired correlation functions and basic thermodynamic parameters of the many-body system. The basic expressions for the mean energy and heat capacity for the electron gas at low temperatures in the high-density limit were obtained. All expressions are given in the units of r{sub s}, where r{sub s} determines the ratio of a mean distance between electrons to the Bohr radius a{sub 0}. In these expressions, we calculate terms of the respective order r{sub s} and r{sub s}{sup 2}. It is also shown that the static fluctuation approximation allows finding the terms related to higher orders of the decomposition with respect to the parameter r{sub s}.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

Muon capture on Li 6 , C 12 , and O 16 from ab initio nuclear theory

Muon capture on nuclei is one of the most promising probes of the nuclear electroweak current driving the yet-hypothetical neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay. Both processes involve vector and axial-vector currents at finite momentum transfer, q ~ 100 MeV, as well as the induced pseu doscalar and weak-magnetism currents. Comparing measured muon-capture rates with reliable ab initio nuclear-theory predictions could help us validate these currents. To this end, we compute partial muon-capture rates for 6 Li, 12 C and 16 O, feeding the ground and excited states in 6 He, 12 B and 16 N, using ab initio no-core shell model with two- and three-nucleon chiral interactions. Here, we remove the spurious center-of-mass motion by introducing translationally invariant operators and approximate the effect of hadronic two-body currents by Fermi-gas model. We solve the bound-muon wave function from the Dirac wave equations in the Coulomb field created by a finite nucleus. We find that the computed rates to the low-lying states in the final nuclei are in good agreement with the measured counterparts. We highlight sensitivity of some of the transitions to the sub-leading three-nucleon interaction terms. We also compare summed rates to several tens of final states with the measured total capture rates and note that we slightly underestimate the total rate with this simple approach due to limited range of excitation energies

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Semiclassical shell-structure micro-macroscopic approach for the level density

Level density ρ(E,A) is derived for a one-component nucleon system with a given energy E and particle number A within the mean-field semiclassical periodic-orbit theory beyond the saddle-point method of the Fermi gas model. We obtain ρ∝I ν (S)/S ν , with I ν (S) being the modified Bessel function of the entropy S. Within the micro-macro-canonical approximation (MMA), for a small thermal excitation energy U, with respect to rotational excitations E rot , one obtains ν = 3/2 for ρ(E,A). In the case of excitation energy U larger than E rot but smaller than the neutron separation energy, one finds a larger value of ν = 5/2. A role of the fixed spin variables for rotating nuclei is discussed. The MMA level density ρ reaches the well-known grand-canonical ensemble limit (Fermi gas asymptote) for large S related to large excitation energies, and also reaches the finite micro-canonical limit for small combinatorial entropy S at low excitation energies (the constant “temperature” model). Fitting the ρ(E,A) of the MMA to the experimental data for low excitation energies, taking into account shell and, qualitatively, pairing effects, one obtains for the inverse level density parameter K a value which differs essentially from that parameter derived from data on neutron resonances.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Experimental differential cross sections, level densities, and spin cutoffs as a testing ground for nuclear reaction codes

Proton double-differential cross sections from 59 Co(α,p) 62 Ni, 57 Fe(α,p) 60 Co, 56 Fe( 7 Li,p) 62 Ni, and 55 Mn( 6 Li,p) 60 Co reactions have been measured with 21-MeV α and 15-MeV lithium beams. Cross sections have been compared against calculations with the empire reaction code. Different input level density models have been tested. It was found that the Gilbert and Cameron [A. Gilbert and A. G. W. Cameron, Can. J. Phys. 43, 1446 (1965)] level density model is best to reproduce experimental data. Level densities and spin cutoff parameters for 62 Ni and 60 Co above the excitation energy range of discrete levels (in continuum) have been obtained with a Monte Carlo technique. Furthermore, excitation energy dependencies were found to be inconsistent with the Fermi-gas model.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Imprints of high-momentum nucleons in nuclei on hard photons from heavy-ion collisions near the Fermi energy

The short-range correlation (SRC) induced by the tensor force in the isosinglet neutron-proton interaction channel leads to a high-momentum tail (HMT) in the single-nucleon momentum distributions n(k) in nuclei. Owing to the remaining uncertainties about the tensor force, the shape of the nucleon HMT may be significantly different from the dilute interacting Fermi gas model prediction n(k) ~ 1/k 4 similar to the HMT in cold atoms near the unitary limit. Within an isospin- and momentum-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model incorporating approximately the nucleon HMT, we investigate hard photon emissions in 14 N + 12 C and 48 Ca + 124 Sn reactions at beam energies around the Fermi energy. Imprints of different shapes of the HMT on the energy spectrum, angular distribution and transverse momentum spectrum of hard photons are studied. Furthermore, while the angular distribution does not carry any information about the shape of the nucleon HMT, the energy spectra and especially the mid-rapidity transverse momentum spectra of hard photons are found to bare strong imprints of the shapes of nucleon HMTs in the two colliding nuclei.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Yukawa bound states of a large number of fermions

Here, we consider the bound state problem for a field theory that contains a Dirac fermion χ that Yukawa couples to a (light) scalar field Φ. We are interested in bound states with a large number N of χ particles. A Fermi gas model is used to numerically determine the dependence of the radius R of these bound states on N and also the dependence of the binding energy on N. Since scalar interactions with relativistic χ’s are suppressed two regimes emerge. For modest values of N the state is composed of non-relativistic χ particles. In this regime as N increases R decreases. Eventually the core region becomes relativistic and the size of the state starts to increase as N increases. As a result, for fixed Yukawa coupling and χ mass, there is a minimum sized state that occurs roughly at the value of N where the core region first becomes relativistic. We also compute an elastic scattering form factor that can be relevant for direct detection if the dark matter is composed of such χ particles.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

The role of seniority-zero states in nuclear level densities

At low excitation energies seniority-zero states dominate the level density of K=0 bands in deformed even–even nuclei, while they play no role at higher excitation energies. We describe the level densities in a Fermi-gas model as well as in a combinatorial level-density model and compare to detailed experimental data for some rare-earth nuclei.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Nuclear level density, thermalization, chaos, and collectivity

The knowledge of the level density is necessary for understanding nuclear reactions involving excited nuclear states. In particular, it is an important element in description of astrophysical processes and in technological applications. This review article explains main ideas of physics forming the level density in complex nuclei that grows very fast due to combinatorial complexity of total excitation energy shared by many constituents. This can be translated into a language of statistical physics by the Darwin–Fowler method. We briefly go through the historical development from the nuclear Fermi-gas model to the self-consistent mean field including the pairing effects. At the next step we introduce the ideas of thermalization in a closed mesoscopic system and quantum chaos with very complicated eigenfunctions. This is supported by the experience of the shell model in a limited orbital space that either provides an exact solution or uses the Monte Carlo approach. The statistical method of moments allows one to avoid the exact diagonalization keeping intact the quality of the results. We discuss the popular “constant temperature model” that describes well available data and the shell-model results; it is shown that its success cannot be explained by the phase transition from superfluid to a normal phase. The interpretation is suggested, supported by the numerical studies, in terms of dynamical chaotization including the collective enhancement of the level density. The role of incoherent collision-like interactions is stressed as a necessary element of the thermalization process.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Sensitivity of EDM experiments in paramagnetic atoms and molecules to hadronic CP violation

Experiments searching for the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the electron d e utilize atomic/molecular states with one or more uncompensated electron spins, and these paramagnetic systems have recently achieved remarkable sensitivity to d e . If the source of CP violation resides entirely in the hadronic sector, the two-photon exchange processes between electrons and the nucleus induce CP-odd semileptonic interactions, parametrised by the Wilson coefficient C SP , and provide the dominant source of EDMs in paramagnetic systems instead of d e . We evaluate the C SP coefficients induced by the leading hadronic sources of CP violation, namely nucleon EDMs and CP-odd pion-nucleon couplings, by calculating the nucleon-number-enhanced CP-odd nuclear scalar polarisability, employing chiral perturbation theory at the nucleon level and the Fermi-gas model for the nucleus. This allows us to translate the ACME EDM limits from paramagnetic ThO into novel independent constraints on the QCD theta term |$\bar θ$| < 3 × 10 –8 , proton EDM |d p | < 2 × 10 –23 e cm, isoscalar CP-odd pion-nucleon coupling |$\bar g$$^{(1)}_{πNN}$| < 4 × 10 –10 , and color EDMs of quarks |$\tilde d$ u -$\tilde $d d | < 2 × 10 –24 cm. We note that further experimental progress with EDM experiments in paramagnetic systems may allow them to rival the sensitivity of EDM experiments with neutrons and diamagnetic atoms to these quantities.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Adaptation of the Landau-Migdal quasiparticle pattern to strongly correlated Fermi systems

A quasiparticle pattern advanced in Landau's first article on Fermi-liquid theory is adapted to elucidate the properties of a class of strongly correlated Fermi systems characterized by a Lifshitz phase diagram featuring a quantum critical point (QCP) where the density of states diverges. The necessary condition for stability of the Landau Fermi-Liquid state is shown to break down in such systems, triggering a cascade of topological phase transitions that lead, without symmetry violation, to states with multi-connected Fermi surfaces. The end point of this evolution is found to be an exceptional state whose spectrum of single-particle excitations exhibits a completely flat portion at zero temperature. Analysis of the evolution of the temperature dependence of the single-particle spectrum yields results that provide a natural explanation of classical behavior of this class of Fermi systems in the QCP region.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1977

Pauli correlations in heavy-ion collisions at high energies

We calculate the effects of short-range correlations on the Glauber expansion for nucleus-nucleus collisions using the Fermi gas model for nuclei. When we neglect the Pauli principle for collisions between heavy nuclei, calculation of the optical phase-shift function leads to non-unitary results and we cannot obtain cross sections. When we include Pauli correlations we find important cancellations in the optical phase-shift function, which make possible the calculation of total and differential cross sections for heavy nuclei.

Franco, V.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Measurement of $d^2 \sigma/d|\vec{q}|d E_{avail}$ and 2p2h contribution using charged current $\nu_\mu$ interactions in the NOvA Near Detector

This Thesis presents the analysis methods and measurement of the $d^2 \sigma/d|\vec{q}|d E_{avail}$-CC inclusive cross section that describes neutrino scattering in a predominantly hydrocarbon medium. Studies that are prerequisite for the analysis including, variable determinations, event selections, efficiency, purity determinations, and systematic uncertainty estimations, are summarized. Tests of the analysis are also detailed, and shown to reproduce the input distributions. The double-differential cross-section measurement provides the foundation for determination of the inclusive rate for the excess induced by 2p2h processes together with nuclear medium effects that are not described by the Fermi gas model. The methodology for the extraction of this rate, defined as the excess observed relative to the rate estimated for known single-nucleon interactions, is described in detail. The following new measurements are reported in this Thesis: (1) The $\nu_\mu-$CC inclusive double-differential cross section as a function of three-momentum transfer and available hadronic energy, for an average $E_\nu$ of 1.8 GeV, is obtained. The double-differential cross section value that obtains when the bin widths are taken to be the dimensions of the entire analysis domain, e.g. $0.2 \le |\vec{q}| \le 2.0 GeV/c$ and $0.0 \le E_{avail} \le 2.0$ GeV, is inclusive cross section is $(6.05 \pm 0.75)\times10^{-39}$ cm$^2$/GeV/GeV/$c$/nucleon. An event excess attributed to 2p2h-MEC processes is observed; most of the rate occurs in a contiguous phase space region $0.3 \le |\vec{q}| \le 1.0$ GeV$/c$ $0.0 \le E_{avail} \le 0.35$ GeV. This rate represents $12.0\pm 6.5\%$ of the observed CC inclusive cross section; its cross section ratio relative to CCQE scattering is estimated to be $44.3 \pm 23.9\%$.

Olson, Travis Grant↗