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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Ultrasonic Communication in Solid Channels using OFDM

Using an ultrasonic signal for communication is an alternate solution when electromagnetic waves are not feasible for carrying the information through the channel. We can use the ultrasonic signal to conduct communication in different types of media such as solid, liquid, and gas. In this study, we use ultrasound for communication through a metal plate channel. A metal plate is a highly dispersive and frequency selective channel with a severe multipath effect. The OFDM modulation method is customized for the ultrasonic communication channel to enhance communication reliability and reduce the bit error rate. With the channel frequency response, we adaptively map the transmitted information to optimize the selection of subcarriers frequency bands for the highest possible throughput.

OFDM↗
DOE OSTI2023

Lightweight inorganic membrane module

An apparatus and system for separating a liquid from a mixed gas stream includes a porous graphite foam support comprising graphite foam with pores having a first pore size and a membrane support surface. A porous condensation membrane layer is provided on the membrane support surface, and interlocked with the pores of the graphite foam. The condensation membrane layer includes capillary condensation pores having a second pore size that is less than the first pore size. A mixed gas stream passageway is in fluid communication with the condensation membrane layer. A liquid collection assembly collects condensed liquid from the condensation pores and the graphite foam support pores. A gas inlet is provided for flowing the mixed gas stream into the mixed gas stream passageway. A gas outlet is provided for exhausting gas from the mixed gas stream passageway. A method for separating a liquid from a mixed gas stream is also disclosed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Apparatuses and methods for generating carbon particles and exhaust gas used by gas turbine systems

Apparatuses for generating carbon particles and exhaust gas used by gas turbine systems are disclosed. One apparatus may include a decarbonization component combusting or reacting a mixture of a fuel and a mixing gas to generate the carbon particles and the exhaust gas and an exhaust conduit to receive the exhaust gas generated by the decarbonization component. The apparatus may also include a mixing duct in fluid communication with the exhaust conduit and the gas turbine system. The mixing duct may receive the exhaust gas and provide the exhaust gas to the gas turbine system to be used to produce a working fluid within the gas turbine system. The apparatus may further include a carbon particle collection component for receiving and storing the generated carbon particles.

Berry, Jonathan Dwight↗
DOE OSTI2020

Adaptive sensing for a gas leak detection

A method, a system and an apparatus for adaptively sensing a gas leak. The method includes: obtaining wind data from a wind sensor, identifying at least one wireless mote in a plurality of wireless motes that is most likely to detect a gas plume from the wind data, activating the identified at least one wireless mote to trigger measuring gas concentration of the gas plume, and identifying the location of the gas leak if the gas concentration is above a predetermined threshold. Also included is a system for adaptively sensing a gas leak having a wind sensor, a plurality of wireless motes and a server in communication therewith. An apparatus for adaptively sensing a gas leak in an industrial site is also provided.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Adjustable primary and supplemental power units

A propulsion system for an aircraft includes a core flow path in communication with a compressor section, combustor section and a turbine section. A first bottoming cycle system includes a bottoming working fluid flow in thermal communication with a high energy exhaust gas flow that is generated by the core engine. The first bottoming cycle is configured to recover power from the high energy exhaust gas flow in a first engine operating condition and in a second engine operating condition. A second bottoming cycle system is configured to recover power from the high energy exhaust gas flow in the first engine operating condition and not to recover power in a second engine operating condition.

MacDonald, Malcolm P.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Temperature-Dependent Communication between Pt/Al 2 O 3 Catalysts and Anatase TiO 2 Dilutant: the Effects of Metal Migration and Carbon Transfer on the Reverse Water–Gas Shift Reaction

In heterogeneous catalysis, unexpected effects from the supposedly inert reactor dilutant are not rare, but related understanding is lacking and inconsistent. Here we report investigations of the impacts of the anatase TiO 2 dilutant on the reverse water-gas shift (rWGS) reaction over Pt/Al 2 O 3 catalysts. Combining detailed kinetic data with microscopic and spectroscopic results, we demonstrate that the catalyst-dilutant communication depends on temperature. At high temperature (400 °C), Pt migrate from Al 2 O 3 to TiO 2 , resulting in higher dispersion and activity, without changing reaction mechanisms. The Pt migration is general to catalysts of different Pt nuclearity and various oxide dilutants. In contrast, at low temperature (250 °C), carboxylic acids (in particular acetic acid) present in the ambient air and adsorbed on TiO 2 are transferred onto Al 2 O 3 in close contact, effectively blocking the formate rWGS pathway. As a result, the rWGS can only proceed through the carboxyl pathway, and hence is significantly slower. The acetate transfer affects catalysts of different Pt nuclearity and support, but is unique to anatase TiO 2 dilutant. As the acetate layer is slowly removed under H 2 or the rWGS stream, the activity recovers. This work elucidates the complicated communication between catalysts and dilutants, which has general implications in heterogeneous catalysis, and resolves inconsistency in related reports in the literature. Finally, the impacts that anatase TiO 2 dilution has on the rWGS also unveil mechanistic understanding that further confirms the two co-existing rWGS pathways.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Resilience assessment and planning in power distribution systems: Past and future considerations

High impact low probability (HILP) events such as hurricanes, heat waves, and floods have instigated widespread power outages and blackouts around the globe in the past decade. With the increasing challenges concerning the threats to the power distribution systems and the growing need to mitigate the impacts of the HILP events, resilience has become a crucial requirement for the power grid infrastructures. Numerous efforts have been made to define, measure, and characterize the resilience of power distribution systems. This study thoroughly reviews the state-of-the-art methods on the existing resilience evaluation framework and metrics. Here, the desirable characteristics of resilience metrics are highlighted, and the challenges associated with formulating, developing, and calculating such metrics are discussed. Next, we detail the state-of-the-art literature on planning solutions to ensure distribution system resilience. This paper aims to extract a deep insight into this challenging and critical research area and envision future opportunities that can guide the power distribution system operators/planners to formulate more effective mitigation strategies to enhance the resilience of power distribution systems.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

User-Focused Tools to Enhance IT/OT Cyber Resilience within the Power Grid

The power grid is undergoing several changes that are increasing its complexity as nexuses between electric-gas, transmission-distribution, and energy-communications continue to become increasingly critical. This system is heavily dependent on communication infrastructure and controls, and it relies on humans in operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT) roles to manage the increasing breadth, depth, and speed of data. Many technical challenges have presented themselves and will need to be addressed to provide reliable grid operations. With increased reliance on distributed controls and communication infrastructure, cybersecurity becomes an inherent requirement. When considering current cyber-physical security solutions for the power grid, one can notice a clear divide between information technology and operation technology networks. However, in real-life applications, these networks are interdependent. This work presents results of interviews with key utility cybersecurity personnel, analyzes the results, and makes recommendations towards solution of existing technical and operational challenges realized. Existing workflows are presented, wireframe interviews are discussed, and tool requirements are described. The existence of easy-to-implement solutions, based on existing energy management systems, highlight the potential for real-life applications.

cybersecurity, resilience, user-centered design, p↗
DOE OSTI2020

Polymer / single-walled carbon nanotube composite for gas detection

A sensor can include a conductive region in electrical communication with at least two electrodes, the conductive region can include a composite of a polymer and SWCNTs immobilized onto a substrate. In certain embodiment, a linker can be grafted on the substrate. The linker can connect the substrate and the composite of the polymer and SWCNTs. In certain embodiments, the linker can covalently bond the polymer to the substrate. In certain embodiments, metal nanoparticles or ions can be incorporated as a metal sensitizer to confer further selectivity or sensitivity to the device. In certain embodiments, the polymer can act as a ligand for a variety of metal ions. By incorporating a specific metal ion, the sensor can selectively detect a specific analyte. In certain embodiments, the composite of the polymer and SWCNTs can be functionalized. In certain embodiments, the composite can further include a sensing element.

Swager, Timothy Manning↗
DOE OSTI2024

KBase Narrative - Timberlake Metagenomes

This narrative contains the MAG Analysis from: Clifton P Bueno de Mesquita, Wyatt H Hartman, Marcelo Ardón, Susannah G Tringe, Disentangling the effects of sulfate and other seawater ions on microbial communities and greenhouse gas emissions in a coastal forested wetland, ISME Communications, 2024; ycae040, https://doi.org/10.1093/ismeco/ycae040 Metagenomes were uploaded to IMG/M for other analyses.

de Mesquita, Clifton Bueno↗
DOE OSTI2024

Porous ceramic supports for resistively heated hybrid gas sorbents

A porous sorbent ceramic product includes a three-dimensional structure having an electrically conductive ceramic material, wherein the conductive ceramic material has an open cell structure with a plurality of intra-material pores, a sorbent additive primarily present in the intra-material pores of the conductive ceramic material for adsorption of a gas, and at least two electrodes in electrical communication with the conductive ceramic material.

Ellebracht, Nathan C.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Fuel driven near isothermal compressor

A gas compressor system includes a compression liquid holding tank in fluid communication with a combustion tank. A combustible fluid is directed to the combustion tank. An ignition system is provided for igniting the combustible fluid. A compression liquid flows between the liquid holding tank, the combustion tank, and a compression tank. A compressible gas is provided in the compression tank. The ignition of the combustible fluid drives the compression liquid from the combustion tank to the compression tank, compressing the compressible liquid. An HVAC&R system and a method of compressing gas are also disclosed.

Momen, Ayyoub Mehdizadeh↗
DOE OSTI2023

Real-time attribution of the influence of climate change on extreme weather events: a storyline case study of Hurricane Ian rainfall

Abstract As the Earth continues to warm due to human greenhouse gas emissions, there is a growing need to efficiently communicate the effect that global warming has on individual extreme weather events. Using a storyline approach, we present a rapid attribution of the increase in rainfall over Florida during Hurricane Ian in 2022 due to climate change as a case study. We find that extreme accumulated rainfall amounts associated with Hurricane Ian increased by 18%, far in excess of what would be expected by Clausius–Clapeyron scaling. The study offers a blueprint for rapid operational climate change attribution statements about extreme storms and other very rare weather events.

Reed, Kevin A. (ORCID:0000000337417080)↗
DOE OSTI2023

Efficient turbine engine using integrated ammonia fuel processing

A gas turbine engine includes a core engine that includes a core flow path where air is compressed in a compressor section, communicated to a combustor section, mixed with an ammonia based fuel and ignited to generate a high energy combusted gas flow that is expanded through a turbine section. The turbine section is mechanically coupled to drive the compressor section. An ammonia flow path communicates an ammonia flow to the combustor section. A cracking device is disposed in the ammonia flow path. The cracking device is configured to decompose the ammonia flow into a fuel flow containing hydrogen (H2). At least one heat exchanger is upstream of the cracking device that provides thermal communication between the ammonia flow and a working fluid flow such that the ammonia fluid flow accepts thermal energy from the working fluid flow.

Smith, Lance L.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Repurposing Offshore Oil and Gas Platforms to Support Wind Power Generation

B. Gibbs, J. McAvoy, S. T. Nutakki and R. Seetharam, "Repurposing Offshore Oil and Gas Platforms to Support Wind Power Generation," 2025 IEEE International Communications Energy Conference (INTELEC), Houstin, TX, USA, 2025, pp. 215-221, doi: 10.1109/INTELEC63987.2025.11214768.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2022

Integrated hydrogen generator and compressor with related method

An integrated hydrogen generator and compressor (200) that includes a combined engine compressor (collectively 109, 110, 111) and steam-methane reformer (104) to produce high-pressure hydrogen from natural gas (methane). The reformer (104) combines methane, water, and heat under high pressure in the presence of an appropriate catalyst, to produce hydrogen utilizing waste heat from combustion cylinders of the combined engine compressor (collectively 109, 110, 111). Compression serves to pressurize two different gases (methane and hydrogen) in different compression cylinders including the compression cylinders (109a, 109b, 109c) of the combined engine compressor (collectively 109, 110, 111) alternatively and/or optionally combined with internal combustion engine (310) and/or gas compressor(s) (410) that are integrated thermally and via communication of compressed gases.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2020

Dragonstone Strategy – State of Cybersecurity in the Oil & Natural Gas Sector

The oil & natural gas (ONG) system touches every corner of the nation and increased communications & control capabilities have not only allowed for greater efficiency of system operation, but have also created a massive target for adversaries to launch cyber-attacks. Like any other heavy industrial process, the ONG system relies on a complex system of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) devices. The current state of cyber-preparedness across the ONG industry varies from organization to organization. Among the most common challenges that ONG companies face are remote locations, longlived field assets, and lacking capabilities to find and track malware on their systems. ONG companies tend to be concerned with lack of cyber-awareness from employees, risk stemming from remote access for operations & maintenance, and software vulnerabilities within third-party equipment. Various industry and government organizations are performing research and development activities to address some of these challenges, but in many cases industry stakeholders are not aware of solutions that already exist. It is clear that a need exists for a coherent, comprehensive, multi-layered strategy for assuring the security and resilience of the nation's pipeline infrastructure against cyber threats. For a variety of reasons, the general consensus from stakeholders interviewed by LLNL is that the state of cyber-security within the electric grid is currently outpacing its ONG cousin. Existing strategies for the resilience and cyber-security of the electric grid can and should be leveraged to provide immediate benefits to the ONG system. In LLNL’s view, there are two key factors currently limiting the development of necessary cyber-practices within the ONG industry: The sheer number of differing regulatory bodies and trade groups offering both standards and best-practice recommendations for ONG cyber-security makes it difficult to create a comprehensive, directed, and coherent strategy that is applicable to all players within the ONG industry. The ONG industry is unaware of potentially useful technologies that have been developed for ensuring cyber-security of other infrastructure systems, such as the electric grid. Leveraging these technologies—and the science and engineering behind them—can provide some low-hanging fruit that can greatly improve cyber-security in the ONG industry without significant investments in terms of time and money. In the months following this report, LLNL will continue to perform outreach to key oil & gas industry stakeholders in a continual effort to identify the most pressing cyber-resilience issues in the industry. This outreach will be supplemented with LLNL’s threat intelligence capabilities to begin painting a clearer picture of the overall threat landscape faced by this sector. This assessment will be threat-informed and while the strategy itself will not be classified we will leverage intelligence analysis and adversary capabilities to identify gaps in current cybersecurity practices for oil & gas pipeline systems. Recommended efforts will be compiled into a cyber-resilience roadmap for the oil & gas pipeline sector, in which LLNL will highlight priority activities to immediately improve the state of cyber-resilience in the industry.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2026

Automation of Nanoparticle Synthesis Processes in a Plasma Environment Using LabVIEW

This work presents an automated control system for the synthesis of nanomaterials by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), implemented using the LabVIEW software environment. The main objective of the study is to develop an integrated hardware-software platform that enables sequential control of the key stages of the PECVD process, including vacuum chamber preparation, pressure monitoring, working gas supply, plasma ignition, power matching, cyclic nanomaterial growth, and optical monitoring of nanoparticles in the plasma environment. The use of LabVIEW made it possible to integrate actuator control, experimental parameter acquisition, and realtime process visualization within a single automated system. The automated cycle begins with evacuation of the reaction chamber to a predefined base pressure. Transition to the next stage is permitted only after the specified pressure threshold has been reached, ensuring reproducible initial conditions for each experiment. The program then controls the supply of the working gas through mass flow controllers (MFCs). In this work, two gas-flow control modes were considered: analog control using a 0-5 V voltage signal and digital communication via RS-232 interface. It was shown that the analog approach requires accurate scaling of the control voltage, since applying 5 V corresponds to full-scale opening of the controller and results in the maximum gas flow. In contrast, the RS232 interface enables the gas flow rate to be specified directly in sccm, improving the accuracy, flexibility, and convenience of gas-environment control. After pressure stabilization, LabVIEW initiates RF plasma ignition and executes the RF matching algorithm aimed at minimizing reflected power and improving the stability of the plasma process. A separate software module implements the cyclic nanomaterial growth mode, in which the plasma-on time, plasma duration, and total number of synthesis cycles are predefined. This approach makes it possible to control material accumulation on the substrate and to correlate the process parameters with the morphological characteristics of the resulting nanostructures. The final module of the system is designed for optical monitoring of the nanoparticle cloud density in dusty plasma. For this purpose, the change in the intensity of laser radiation passing through the plasma region is recorded using a photodetector and a Keithley 2401 measuring unit connected to LabVIEW via RS-232 interface. The difference between the initial and modified optical signal intensity is used as a diagnostic parameter characterizing the formation and temporal evolution of nanoparticles. The developed system demonstrates that LabVIEW can be effectively applied not only for the automation of individual instruments, but also for the implementation of a complete digital control cycle for PECVD-based nanomaterial synthesis.

PECVD↗