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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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32 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NdC3O10 by Materials Project

Nd(CO3)2CO2O2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of four carbon dioxide molecules; four hydrogen peroxide molecules; and one Nd(CO3)2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In the Nd(CO3)2 sheet, Nd is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Nd–O bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.46 Å. There are two inequivalent C sites. In the first C site, C is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.26 Å) and one longer (1.27 Å) C–O bond length. In the second C site, C is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O atoms. There is two shorter (1.25 Å) and one longer (1.41 Å) C–O bond length. There are six inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Nd and one C atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Nd and one C atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Nd and one C atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Nd and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.48 Å. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Nd, one C, and one O atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Nd and one C atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Nd2C3O17 by Materials Project

Nd2C2O11CO2(O2)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pccn space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of four carbon dioxide molecules; eight hydrogen peroxide molecules; and two Nd2C2O11 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In each Nd2C2O11 sheet, there are two inequivalent Nd sites. In the first Nd site, Nd is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of Nd–O bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.62 Å. In the second Nd site, Nd is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of Nd–O bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.69 Å. C is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O atoms. There is two shorter (1.29 Å) and one longer (1.31 Å) C–O bond length. There are six inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Nd and one C atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Nd and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.35 Å. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Nd and one C atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Nd and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.37 Å. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Nd and one C atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to two equivalent O atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2010

Hydrogen peroxide catalytic decomposition

Nitric oxide in a gaseous stream is converted to nitrogen dioxide using oxidizing species generated through the use of concentrated hydrogen peroxide fed as a monopropellant into a catalyzed thruster assembly. The hydrogen peroxide is preferably stored at stable concentration levels, i.e., approximately 50%-70% by volume, and may be increased in concentration in a continuous process preceding decomposition in the thruster assembly. The exhaust of the thruster assembly, rich in hydroxyl and/or hydroperoxy radicals, may be fed into a stream containing oxidizable components, such as nitric oxide, to facilitate their oxidation.

Parrish, Clyde F.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SNClO4 by Materials Project

NClSO2O2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four chloramine molecules, four hydrogen peroxide molecules, and four sulfur dioxide molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NbC4N3O13 by Materials Project

(NbCO7)2(N2)3(CO2)4(CO)2O2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of twelve ammonia molecules, eight carbon dioxide molecules, four formaldehyde molecules, two hydrogen peroxide molecules, and four NbCO7 clusters. In each NbCO7 cluster, Nb5+ is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Nb–O bond distances ranging from 1.74–2.31 Å. C4+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.17 Å) and one longer (1.18 Å) C–O bond length. There are seven inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Nb5+ and one O2- atom. The O–O bond length is 1.41 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Nb5+ and one O2- atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Nb5+ and one O2- atom. The O–O bond length is 1.40 Å. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Nb5+ and one O2- atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Nb5+ and one C4+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Nb5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on S2NO9 by Materials Project

NO4SO3SO2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two hydrogen peroxide;nitrous acid molecules, two sulfur dioxide molecules, and two sulfur trioxide molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1990

The chemical effects of the Martian environment on power system component materials: A theoretical approach

In the foreseeable future, an expedition may be undertaken to explore the planet Mars. Some of the power source options being considered for such a mission are photovoltaics, regenerative fuel cells and nuclear reactors. In addition to electrical power requirements, environmental conditions en route to Mars, in the planetary orbit and on the Martian surface must be simulated and studied in order to anticipate and solve potential problems. Space power systems components such as photovoltaic arrays, radiators, and solar concentrators may be vulnerable to degradation in the Martian environment. Natural characteristics of Mars which may pose a threat to surface power systems include high velocity winds, dust, ultraviolet radiation, large daily variation in temperature, reaction to components of the soil, atmosphere and atmospheric condensates as well as synergistic combinations. Most of the current knowledge of the characteristics of the Martian atmosphere and soil composition was obtained from the Viking 1 and 2 missions in 1976. A theoretical study is presented which was used to assess the effects of the Martian atmospheric conditions on the power systems components. A computer program written at NASA-Lewis for combustion research that uses a free energy minimization technique was used to calculate chemical equilibrium for assigned thermodynamic states of temperature and pressure. The power system component materials selected for this study include: silicon dioxide, silicon, carbon, copper, and titanium. Combinations of environments and materials considered include: (1) Mars atmosphere with power surface material, (2) Mars atmosphere and dust component with power surface material, and (3) Mars atmosphere and hydrogen peroxide or superoxide or superoxide with power system material. The chemical equilibrium calculations were performed at a composition ratio (oxidant to reactant) of 100. The temperature for the silicon dioxide material and silicon, which simulate photovoltaic cells, were 300 and 400 K; for carbon, copper and titanium, which simulate radiator surfaces, 300, 500, and 1000 K. All of the systems were evaluated at pressures of 700, 800, and 900 Pa, which stimulate the Martian atmosphere.

Perez-Davis, Marla E.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Environmental crack-growth behavior of high strength pressure vessel alloys

Results of sustained-load environmental crack growth threshold tests performed on six spacecraft pressure vessel alloys are presented. The alloys were Inconel 718, 6Al-4V titanium, A-286 steel, AM-350 stainless steel, cryoformed AISI 301 stainless steel; and cryoformed AISI 304L steel. The test environments for the program were air, pressurized gases of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide, and liquid environments of distilled water, sea water, nitrogen tetroxide, hydrazine, aerozine 50, monomethyl hydrazine, and hydrogen peroxide. Surface flaw type specimens were used with flaws located in both base metal and weld metal.

Forman, R. G.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Shock tube/laser absorption measurement of the rate constant of the reaction: H 2 O 2 + CO 2 2OH + CO 2

We address the role of the linear mixing rule in the kinetics of the H 2 O 2 decomposition system by reporting the rate constant for H 2 O 2 + M = 2OH + M (M = Ar and CO 2 ) in the temperature range of 1087-1234 K at low pressures in a mixture of 20% CO 2 in Argon. The reaction rate constant was inferred from H 2 O concentrations monitored by using a laser-absorption spectroscopy-based water diagnostic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first measurement of the rate constant of this reaction in a mixture to be reported in literature. A significant discrepancy was found between the rate constants derived using the traditional linear mixing rule and the reduced pressure linear mixing rule. Furthermore, this discrepancy can have serious implications on the predictive accuracy of these kinetic models, especially under conditions relevant to the operation of supercritical CO 2 (sCO 2 ) power cycles that rely on oxy-fuel combustion in a working fluid comprised almost entirely of CO 2 .

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
NASA NTRS2007

UV Induced Oxidation of Nitric Oxide

Nitric oxide in a gaseous stream is converted to nitrogen dioxide using oxidizing species generated at least in part using in situ UV radiation sources. The sources of the oxidizing species include oxygen and/or hydrogen peroxide. The oxygen may be a component of the gaseous stream or added to the gaseous stream, preferably near a UV radiation source, and is converted to ozone by the UV irradiation. The hydrogen peroxide is decomposed through a combination of vaporization and UV irradiation. The hydrogen peroxide is preferably stored at stable concentration levels, i.e., approximately 50% by volume and increased in concentration in a continuous process preceding vaporization within the flow channel of the gaseous stream and in the presence of the UV radiation sources.

Parrish, Clyde, F.↗
NASA NTRS1982

The importance of ozone in the oxidation of sulfur dioxide in nonurban tropospheric clouds

In studies of the various possible mechanisms which contribute to the conversion of atmospheric sulfur dioxide to sulfate aerosol in the atmosphere, oxidation within the aqueous, droplet phase of tropospheric clouds has been identified as a major contributor. It has appeared that possibly much of this oxidation is by hydrogen peroxide, with the contribution from ozone being only minimal. The present investigation is concerned with the relative importance of O3 and H2O2 oxidation as a function of pH. The results of a new experimental study of the O3-S(IV) reaction in aqueous solution are presented, and potential S(IV) oxidation rates by O3 in cloud water are compared with those predicted for H2O2. The investigation indicates the potential importance of O3 as a contributor to the overall oxidative conversion of SO2 within typical nonpolluted tropospheric clouds.

Maahs, H. G.↗
NASA NTRS2016

In-Space Production of Storable Propellants

Our exploration of the feasibility of in-space production of storable propellants from resourcesavailable on asteroids, and also on Mars and the Moon, has considered the process of sampleacquisition; the energy requirements for heating and volatile release; the thermodynamic behaviorof gas release from minerals and organic polymers containing hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, sulfur,and nitrogen; purification of the released water and carbon dioxide; the storage and transportation of these materials in the condensed state; synthesis of fuels including methanol and dimethyl ether(DME); and the co-production, concentration, stability, and storage of the complementary oxidizer high-test hydrogen peroxide (HTP). We call attention to the ability of the storable propellant/oxidizer combination of DME and HTP to carry out deep-space missions and to perform retrieval and relocation of any and all space-derived resources, such as retrieving asteroidal metal to high Earth orbit. This study's analyses are based on returning resources to a storage/processing/dispensing facility in a Highly Eccentric Earth Orbit (HEEO) with a perigee above geosynchronous orbit and an apogee approach or beyond the Moon's orbit.The methane/LOX option, notable for good engine performance, has not been included in this study because our scope includes only fully storable propellants.

Lewis, John S.↗
NASA NTRS2016

Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program, Version 6.0

The Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program (GFSSP) is a general purpose computer program for analyzing steady state and time-dependent flow rates, pressures, temperatures, and concentrations in a complex flow network. The program is capable of modeling real fluids with phase changes, compressibility, mixture thermodynamics, conjugate heat transfer between solid and fluid, fluid transients, pumps, compressors, and external body forces such as gravity and centrifugal. The thermofluid system to be analyzed is discretized into nodes, branches, and conductors. The scalar properties such as pressure, temperature, and concentrations are calculated at nodes. Mass flow rates and heat transfer rates are computed in branches and conductors. The graphical user interface allows users to build their models using the 'point, drag, and click' method; the users can also run their models and post-process the results in the same environment. Two thermodynamic property programs (GASP/WASP and GASPAK) provide required thermodynamic and thermophysical properties for 36 fluids: helium, methane, neon, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, fluorine, hydrogen, parahydrogen, water, kerosene (RP-1), isobutene, butane, deuterium, ethane, ethylene, hydrogen sulfide, krypton, propane, xenon, R-11, R-12, R-22, R-32, R-123, R-124, R-125, R-134A, R-152A, nitrogen trifluoride, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, and air. The program also provides the options of using any incompressible fluid with constant density and viscosity or ideal gas. The users can also supply property tables for fluids that are not in the library. Twenty-four different resistance/source options are provided for modeling momentum sources or sinks in the branches. These options include pipe flow, flow through a restriction, noncircular duct, pipe flow with entrance and/or exit losses, thin sharp orifice, thick orifice, square edge reduction, square edge expansion, rotating annular duct, rotating radial duct, labyrinth seal, parallel plates, common fittings and valves, pump characteristics, pump power, valve with a given loss coefficient, Joule-Thompson device, control valve, heat exchanger core, parallel tube, and compressible orifice. The program has the provision of including additional resistance options through User Subroutines. GFSSP employs a finite volume formulation of mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations in conjunction with the thermodynamic equations of state for real fluids as well as energy conservation equations for the solid. The system of equations describing the fluid network is solved by a hybrid numerical method that is a combination of the Newton-Raphson and successive substitution methods. The application and verification of the code has been demonstrated through 30 example problems.

Majumdar, A. K.↗
DOE OSTI2022

MIS Shelf-Life Final Report for Plutonium Oxide Item 1000089 (SSR136 and SSR136A) from Rocky Flats Peroxide Precipitation and Calcination Process

A plutonium dioxide material from the Material Identification and Surveillance (MIS) Program inventory has been studied to determine the gas generation and corrosion behavior in a storage environment. Sample 1000089 represents product-quality plutonium oxides produced in the Rocky Flats peroxide precipitation process currently stored in 3013 containers. This study followed over time the gas pressure and composition of a sample with nominally 0.5 wt% water in a sealed container with an internal volume scaled to 1/500th of the volume of a 3013 container. Gas compositions had been measured periodically over almost 13 years. The maximum observed gas pressure was 204 kPa and was related to a temperature excursion. The maximum observed gas pressure from gas generation was 126 kPa. The increase over the initial pressure of 86.7 kPa was due to the generation of hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Carbon dioxide, methane and carbon monoxide were minor components of the headspace gas. The material exhibited unusual behavior in that the atmosphere reached flammable levels of hydrogen and oxygen within the first 30 days and remained flammable for the duration of the experiment. It has been determined that the sample inside the reactor was a mixture of the AR material, material calcined at 800 °C, and material calcined at 950 °C. The experiment was terminated in 2012 and unloaded in 2016. A new reactor, SSR136A, was loaded with the original sample freshly calcined at 950 °C. The total pressure inside SSR136A remained close to the initial value of 93 kPa. The total pressure is composed of He (steady levels after the reloading) and hydrogen which is 10% of the reactor’s total pressure. Nitrogen and oxygen compose trace amounts of the reactor headspace. The internal components of SSR136 were inspected in 2021, five years after it was removed from the array. The inside surfaces of the inner bucket exposed to the original sample for 4,576 days had an etched appearance, and pit-like features were observed in the microscopic analysis. No corrosion was observed on the SSR136A inner bucket that held the freshly calcined sample that was exposed for 1,303 days.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗