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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2005

Cumulative Interference to Aircraft Radios from Multiple Portable Electronic Devices

Cumulative interference effects from portable electronic devices (PEDs) located inside a passenger cabin are conservatively estimated for aircraft radio receivers. PEDs' emission powers in an aircraft radio frequency band are first scaled according to their locations' interference path loss (IPL) values, and the results are summed to determine the total interference power. The multiple-equipment-factor (MEF) is determined by normalizing the result against the worst case contribution from a single device. Conservative assumptions were made and MEF calculations were performed for Boeing 737's Localizer, Glide-slope, Traffic Collision Avoidance System, and Very High Frequency Communication radio systems where full-aircraft IPL data were available. The results show MEF for the systems to vary between 10 and 14 dB. The same process was also used on the more popular window/door IPL data, and the comparison show the multiple-equipment-factor results came within one decibel (dB) of each other.

Nguyen, Truong X.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Copper Electrode on Flexible Substrate by Intense Pulsed Light Sintering of Microsized Copper Particles

Metal electrodes deposited in a grid pattern onto flexible polymer substrates have been shown to be a viable alternative to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) as the transparent anode for organic photovoltaics. copper may be a better alternative in terms of cost and stability for large area low-cost solar modules, specifically on roll-to-roll platforms. These customized electrode patterns can be fabricated from copper nanoparticles through various printing techniques applicable to solution phase processing. The Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) technique has been used to sinter copper nanoparticles (~100nm) to fabricate conductive copper electrodes on flexible polymer substrates. However, compared to nanosized (~100 nm) copper particles, microsized (~2 um) copper is much cheaper. In this work, microsized (~2 um) copper is used to produce high conductive copper inks. The conductivity of the print can be adjusted through the use of surfactant. IPL sintering was optimized to obtain high conductivity copper films. In conclusion, several microscopic and electrical spectroscopic characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), 4-point probe resistivity measurements were employed to characterize the copper electrodes.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Integration of the Nek5000 Computational Fluid Dynamics Code with the NEAMS Workbench

The mission of the US Department of Energy’s Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) Program is to develop, apply, deploy, and support state-of-the-art predictive modeling and simulation tools for the design and analysis of current and future nuclear energy systems using computing architectures ranging from laptops to leadership-class facilities. NEAMS is organized into three product lines: the Fuels Product Line (FPL),the Reactors Product Line (RPL), and the Integration Product Line (IPL). The FPL and RPL focus on the development of high-fidelity tools such as the MOOSE-based applications BISON and MARMOT [3, 9] at Idaho National Laboratory, and the PROTEUS neutronics code and the NEK5000 computational fluid dynamics code from the Simulation-based High-efficiency Advanced Reactor Prototyping (SHARP) framework [10]. The NEAMS IPL will enable users to apply high-fidelity simulations to inform lower order models for the design, analysis, and licensing of advanced nuclear systems.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
NASA NTRS1978

Applications of digital image processing techniques to problems of data registration and correlation

An overview is presented of the evolution of the computer configuration at JPL's Image Processing Laboratory (IPL). The development of techniques for the geometric transformation of digital imagery is discussed and consideration is given to automated and semiautomated image registration, and the registration of imaging and nonimaging data. The increasing complexity of image processing tasks at IPL is illustrated with examples of various applications from the planetary program and earth resources activities. It is noted that the registration of existing geocoded data bases with Landsat imagery will continue to be important if the Landsat data is to be of genuine use to the user community.

Green, W. B.↗
NASA NTRS1981

An evaluation of the Interactive Software Invocation System (ISIS) for software development applications

The Interactive Software Invocation System (ISIS), which allows a user to build, modify, control, and process a total flight software system without direct communications with the host computer, is described. This interactive data management system provides the user with a file manager, text editor, a tool invoker, and an Interactive Programming Language (IPL). The basic file design of ISIS is a five level hierarchical structure. The file manager controls this hierarchical file structure and permits the user to create, to save, to access, and to purge pages of information. The text editor is used to manipulate pages of text to be modified and the tool invoker allows the user to communicate with the host computer through a RUN file created by the user. The IPL is based on PASCAL and contains most of the statements found in a high-level programming language. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the system as applied to a flight project, the collection of software components required to support the Annular Suspension and Pointing System (ASPS) flight project were integrated using ISIS. The ASPS software system and its integration into ISIS is described.

Noland, M. S.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The effect of a hyperdynamic environment on the development of the rat retina

The effects of a 2 G field on the retinal development of the layers in the rat and central visual system nuclei are investigated. The thickness of the retinal layers, ganglion cells, and brains of male and female Wistar rats suspended from an 18 foot diameter centrifuge creating a 2 G field are evaluated and compared with a control group. A decrease in the thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) of 37.1 percent, of 58.5 percent in the inner nuclear layer (INL), and of 28.8 percent in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), and a reduction in body weight are observed in the 2-G rats. The data reveal that the ganglion cells and visual system nuclei activity correspond well with the control data; however, the medial terminal nucleus (MTN) activity is inhibited in the 2-G rats. It is concluded that the differences in ONL and IPL are attributed to body weight reduction, but the INL and MTN are affected by the 2-G conditions.

Murakami, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Solar cycle study of interplanetary Lyman-alpha variations - Pioneer Venus Orbiter sky background results

PVO observations of the interplanetary Ly-alpha (IPL) background, obtained over an entire solar cycle (SC) from 1979 to 1985, are compiled and analyzed statistically, along with data from other instruments and earlier solar cycles. The results are presented in extensive tables and graphs and characterized in detail. Findings reported include SC variation of 1.8 for the longitudinally averaged IPL intensity (in agreement with the variation of the 27-d disk-averaged integrated solar Ly-alpha flux), yearly averaged ecliptic H-atom lifetime at 1 AU equal to 1.0 Ms at solar minimum and 1.5 Ms at solar maximum, interplanetary H density equal to 0.07 + or - 0.01/cu cm, and interplanetary H/He within the heliopause but far from the sun of 7 + or - 3.

Ajello, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Electromagnetic Interference Assessment of CDMA and GSM Wireless Phones to Aircraft Navigation Radios

To address the concern for cellular phone electromagnetic interference (EMI) to aircraft radios, a radiated emission measurement process for CDMA (IS-95) and GSM (ETSI GSM 11.22) wireless handsets was developed. Spurious radiated emissions were efficiently characterized from devices tested in either a semi-anechoic or reverberation chamber, in terms of effective isotropic radiated power. Eight representative handsets (4 GSM, 4 CDMA) were commanded to operate while varying their radio transmitter parameters (power, modulation, etc.). This report provides a detailed description of the measurement process and resulting data, which may subsequently be used by others as a basis of consistent evaluation for cellular/PCS phones, Bluetooth, IEEE802.11b, IEEE802.11a, FRS/GMRS radios, and other portable transmitters. Aircraft interference path loss (IPL) and navigation radio interference threshold data from numerous reference documents, standards, and NASA partnerships were compiled. Using this data, a preliminary risk assessment is provided for CDMA and GSM wireless phone interference to aircraft localizer, Glideslope, VOR, and GPS radio receivers on typical transport airplanes. The report identifies where existing data for device emissions, IPL, and navigation radio interference thresholds needs to be extended for an accurate risk assessment for wireless transmitters in aircraft.

Ely, Jay J.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Rapid scalable fabrication of roll-to-roll slot-die coated flexible perovskite solar cells using intense pulse light annealing

Perovskite solar cells have achieved high efficiencies at the lab scale using batch processes that often may not be scalable. Processes that can be integrated into a continuous manufacturing platform, such as roll-to-roll, where several processes can be carried out sequentially are necessary to develop a new cost-competitive solar technology. In this work, intense pulsed light thermal post-processing is coupled with scalable slot-die coating and air knife evaporation in a high-speed roll-to-roll process of up to 2 m min –1 . The optimization of IPL energy parameters, web speeds, solution flow rates, and concentration of precursor inks yielded a champion power conversion efficiency of 11.24% for a 1 cm 2 roll-to-roll coated device. The overall processing time for a single layer in this process is reduced from minutes to seconds and the overall footprint of the manufacturing process is decreased. Furthermore, this demonstrates the promising capabilities for intensed pulsed light to reduce manufacturing costs and paves a roadmap for scalable and efficient PSCs on a roll-to-roll platform.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Warthog: Coupling Nek5000 Thermal Hydraulics to BISON Fuel Performance through the Giraffe Interface

The Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) program under the US Department of Energy (DOE) consists of three product lines. The Fuels Product Line (FPL), hosted at Idaho National Laboratory (INL), has produced a multiphysics framework with the name Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) (Gaston et al. 2015). The FPL has also produced several high-fidelity physics codes including the fuel performance code Bison (Hales et al. 2016). The Reactors Product Line (RPL), hosted at Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne), has developed the high-order spectral-element Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code Nek5000 (Fischer et al. 2015). The Integration Product Line (IPL), hosted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), is tasked with ensuring tools from the other product lines can be coupled together so that users may perform high-fidelity multiphysics simulations.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Digital Twin and Cybersecurity Requirements for Beartooth

This report summarizes the requirements for the Cybersecurity and the Digital Twin for Beartooth. The Beartooth digital twin will ultimately allow for both comprehensive offline data analysis and transformational autonomy. This document places limits on the IPL-funded work scope to end at a predictive digital twin stage but allow for future expansion to support full autonomy. It is expected that this work will support both currently funded LDRD and future direct-funded digital twin research.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Roll-to-roll Manufacturing of Continuous Perovskite Modules

This project researched the development of inks that were roll-to-roll compatible and that could reduce processing time to achieve high speed operation. This necessitated the development of two nanoparticle inks, tin oxide (SnO 2 ) and nickel oxide (NiO) as electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer (HTL) respectively. Several PVSK inks were also developed including a methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPI), a mixed cation chemistry (MC) and a triple cation (TC) chemistry. All of these layers were demonstrated in roll-to-roll compatible processes utilizing Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) processing.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS1973

A user's guide to the Mariner 9 television reduced data record

The Mariner 9 television experiment used two cameras to photograph Mars from an orbiting spacecraft. For quantitative analysis of the image data transmitted to earth, the pictures were processed by digital computer to remove camera-induced distortions. The removal process was performed by the JPL Image Processing Laboratory (IPL) using calibration data measured during prelaunch testing of the cameras. The Reduced Data Record (RDR) is the set of data which results from the distortion-removal, or decalibration, process. The principal elements of the RDR are numerical data on magnetic tape and photographic data. Numerical data are the result of correcting for geometric and photometric distortions and residual-image effects. Photographic data are reproduced on negative and positive transparency films, strip contact and enlargement prints, and microfiche positive transparency film. The photographic data consist of two versions of each TV frame created by applying two special enhancement processes to the numerical data.

Seidman, J. B.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Digital processing of Mariner 9 television data.

The digital image processing performed by the Image Processing Laboratory (IPL) at JPL in support of the Mariner 9 mission is summarized. The support is divided into the general categories of image decalibration (the removal of photometric and geometric distortions from returned imagery), computer cartographic projections in support of mapping activities, and adaptive experimenter support (flexible support to provide qualitative digital enhancements and quantitative data reduction of returned imagery). Among the tasks performed were the production of maximum discriminability versions of several hundred frames to support generation of a geodetic control net for Mars, and special enhancements supporting analysis of Phobos and Deimos images.

Green, W. B.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Observation of pick-up ions in the solar wind: Evidence for the source of the anomalous cosmic ray component?

Singly ionized energetic helium has been observed in the solar wind by using the time of flight spectrometer SULEICA on the AMPTE/IRM satellite between September and December, 1984. The energy density spectrum shows a sharp cut off which is strongly correlated with the four fold solar wind bulk energy. The absolute flux of the He(+)ions of about 10000 ion/sq cm.s is present independent of the IPL magnetic field orientation. The most likely source is the neutral helium of the interstellar wind which is ionized by solar UV radiation. It is suggested that these particles represent the source of the anomalous cosmic ray component.

Hovestadt, D.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Evaluation of a Mobile Phone for Aircraft GPS Interference

Measurements of spurious emissions from a mobile phone are conducted in a reverberation chamber for the Global Positioning System (GPS) radio frequency band. This phone model was previously determined to have caused interference to several aircraft GPS receivers. Interference path loss (IPL) factors are applied to the emission data, and the outcome compared against GPS receiver susceptibility. The resulting negative safety margins indicate there are risks to aircraft GPS systems. The maximum emission level from the phone is also shown to be comparable with some laptop computer's emissions, implying that laptop computers can provide similar risks to aircraft GPS receivers.

Nguyen, Truong X.↗
NASA NTRS2005

Three Dimensional Rover/Lander/Orbiter Mission-Planning (3D-ROMPS) System: A Modern Approach to Mission Planning

NASA's current mission planning system is based on point design, two-dimensional display, spread sheets, and report technology. This technology does not enable engineers to analyze the results of parametric studies of missions plans. This technology will not support the increased observational complexity and data volume of missions like Cassini, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), and Mars Sample Return (MSR). The goal of the 3D-ROMPS task has been to establish a set of operational mission planning and analysis tools in the Image Processing Laboratory (IPL) Mission Support Area (MSA) that will respond to engineering requirements for planning future Solar System Exploration (SSE) missions using a three-dimensional display.

Scharfe, Nathan D.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Astrometry at 24 and 43 GHz

We describe the goals and initial results of a collaboration formed to survey extragalactic objects at radio frequencies of 24 and 43 GHz This survey is for extending the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) that is the current coordinate system for astrometry and wh ich is the angular inertial frame of deep space navigation. In princ iple, the extension should lead to a more stable reference frame. We report upon our initial three 24-hour observing sessions involving about 100 radio sources at the VLBA.

astrometry↗