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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2

Measurement of Thick Target Neutron Yields at 0-Degree Bombarded With 140-MeV, 250-MeV And 350-MeV Protons

Neutron energy spectra at 0{sup o} produced from stopping-length graphite, aluminum, iron and lead targets bombarded with 140, 250 and 350 MeV protons were measured at the neutron TOF course in RCNP of Osaka University. The neutron energy spectra were obtained by using the time-of-flight technique in the energy range from 10 MeV to incident proton energy. To compare the experimental results, Monte Carlo calculations with the PHITS and MCNPX codes were performed using the JENDL-HE and the LA150 evaluated nuclear data files, the ISOBAR model implemented in PHITS, and the LAHET code in MCNPX. It was found that these calculated results at 0{sup o} generally agreed with the experimental results in the energy range above 20 MeV except for graphite at 250 and 350 MeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Transverse charge densities of N* resonances

The unitary isobar model MAID2007 has been used to analyze the recent data of pion electroproduction. The model contains all four-star resonances in the region below W = 2 GeV. Both single-Q{sup 2} and Q{sup 2} dependent transition form factors could be obtained for the Delta, Roper, D{sub 13}(1520), S{sub 11}(1535), D{sub 15}(1675), and F{sub 15}(1680) nucleon resonances. Furthermore, we show the empirical transverse charge densities for the Roper, the S11 and D13 resonances, which are evaluated from Fourier transforms of the transition form factors.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Model calculations for diffuse molecular clouds

A local steady-state isobaric model of the interstellar clouds is developed and applied to the OAO-3 observations. The model allows for cooling by C II fine-structure transitions and for inhomogeneities resulting from attenuations in the external radiations which heat the cloud constituents. Factors affecting the thermal properties of the clouds are emphasized; these include H and H2 balance, interstellar grain heating, electron density, and calcium equilibrium. The thermodynamic consequences of the attenuation of the ultraviolet interstellar radiation field are studied. The effect of varying the most important parameters and their allowed ranges is considered. Results indicate that the model is capable of reproducing the H2 fractional abundances and kinetic temperatures observed by OAO-3.

Glassgold, A. E.↗

Amplitude analysis of the $D^+$ → $π^-π^+π^+$ decay and measurement of the $π^-π^+$ S-wave amplitude

An amplitude analysis of the $D^+$ → $π^-π^+π^+$ decay is performed with a sample corresponding to 1.5 fb -1 of integrated luminosity of $pp$ collisions at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV collected by the LHCb detector in 2012. The sample contains approximately six hundred thousand candidates with a signal purity of 95%. The resonant structure is studied through a fit to the Dalitz plot where the $π^-π^+$ S-wave amplitude is extracted as a function of $π^-π^+$ mass, and spin-1 and spin-2 resonances are included coherently through an isobar model. The S-wave component is found to be dominant, followed by the $ρ(770)^0π^+$ and $f_2(1270)π^+$ components. A small contribution from the $ω$(782) → $π^-π^+$ decay is seen for the first time in the $D^+$ → $π^-π^+π^+$ decay.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Beam-spin asymmetry Σ for Σ – hyperon photoproduction off the neutron

We report a new measurement of the beam-spin asymmetry $\boldsymbol{\Sigma}$ for the $\vec{\gamma} n \rightarrow K^+\Sigma^-$ reaction using quasi-free neutrons in a liquid-deuterium target. The new dataset includes data at previously unmeasured photon energy and angular ranges, thereby providing new constraints on partial wave analyses used to extract properties of the excited nucleon states. The experimental data were obtained using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS), housed in Hall B of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). The CLAS detector measured reaction products from a liquid-deuterium target produced by an energy-tagged, linearly polarised photon beam with energies in the range 1.1 to 2.3 GeV. Predictions from an isobar model indicate strong sensitivity to $N(1720)3/2^+$, $\Delta(1900)1/2^-$, and $N(1895)1/2^-$, with the latter being a state not considered in previous photoproduction analyses. When our data are incorporated in the fits of partial-wave analyses, one observes significant changes in $\gamma$-$n$ couplings of the resonances which have small branching ratios to the $\pi N$ channel.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Hotspot conditions achieved in inertial confinement fusion experiments on the National Ignition Facility

We describe the overall performance of the major indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion campaigns executed at the National Ignition Facility. With respect to the proximity to ignition, we can describe the performance of current experiments both in terms of no-burn ignition metrics (metrics based on the hydrodynamic performance of targets in the absence of alpha-particle heating) and in terms of the thermodynamic properties of the hotspot and dense fuel at stagnation—in particular, the hotspot pressure, temperature, and areal density. We describe a simple 1D isobaric model to derive these quantities from experimental observables and examine where current experiments lie with respect to the conditions required for ignition.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

Backward-Angle Electroproduction of η′ Mesons off Protons at W = 2.13 GeV and Q 2 = 0.46 (GeV/ c ) 2

The electroproduction of $\eta ^{\prime }$ mesons from a $\mathrm{^{1}H}$ target at $W=\mathrm{2.13~GeV}$, $Q^{2} = 0.46~\left( \mathrm{GeV/}c\right)^{2}$, and $\cos \theta ^{\mathrm{CM}}_{\gamma ^{*}\eta ^{\prime }} \approx -1$ has been experimentally measured. The differential cross section of virtual photoproduction has been obtained as $4.4 \pm 0.8 ~\left( \mathrm{stat.} \right) \pm 0.4 ~\left( \mathrm{sys.} \right)~ \mathrm{nb/sr}$ in the One-Photon-Exchange Approximation. This value is one-sixth of that of real photoproduction at backward angles. A comparison with newly developed isobar model calculations not only shows the validity of the theoretical framewark employed, but also imposes new constraints on coupling strength between the $\eta ^{\prime }p$ final state and nucleon resonances.

Nuclear Physics↗

Measurements of $ep \to e^\prime π^+n$ at W = 1.6 - 2.0 GeV and extraction of nucleon resonance electrocouplings at CLAS

Differential cross sections of the exclusive process $e p \to e^\prime \pi^+ n$ were measured with good precision in the range of the photon virtuality $Q^2 = 1.8 - 4.5$ GeV$^2$, and the invariant mass range of the $\pi^+ n$ final state W = 1.6 - 2.0 GeV using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer. Data were collected with nearly complete coverage in the azimuthal and polar angles of the $n\pi^+$ center-of-mass system. More than 37,000 cross section points were measured. The contributions of the isospin $I = {1\over 2}$ resonances $N(1675){5\over 2}^-$, $N(1680){5\over 2}^+$ and $N(1710){1\over 2}^+$ were extracted at different values of $Q^2$ using a single-channel, energy-dependent resonance amplitude analysis. Two different approaches, the unitary isobar model and the fixed-$t$ dispersion relations, were employed in the analysis. We observe significant strength of the $N(1675){5\over 2}^-$ in the $A_{1/2}$ amplitude, which is in strong disagreement with quark models that predict both transverse amplitudes to be strongly suppressed. For the $N(1680){5\over 2}^+$ we observe a slow changeover from the dominance of the $A_{3/2}$ amplitude at the real photon point ($Q^2=0$) to a $Q^2$ where $A_{1/2}$ begins to dominate. The scalar amplitude $S_{1/2}$ drops rapidly with $Q^2$ consistent with quark model prediction. For the $N(1710){1\over 2}^+$ resonance our analysis shows significant strength for the $A_{1/2}$ amplitude at $Q^2 < 2.5$ GeV$^2$.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Extracting meson-baryon contributions to the electroexcitation of the N (1675) - 5 / 2 nucleon resonance

We report on the determination of the electrocouplings for the transition from the proton to the N (1675) - 5 / 2 resonance state using recent differential cross section data on ep → eπ + n by the CLAS collaboration at 1.8 ≤ Q² < 4.5GeV². The data have been analyzed using two different approaches, the unitary isobar model and fixed-t dispersion relations. The extracted γ*p → N (1675) - 5 / 2 helicity amplitudes show considerable coupling through the A P 1/2 amplitude, that is significantly larger than predicted three-quark contribution to this amplitude. The amplitude A P 3/2 is much smaller. Both results are consistent with the predicted sizes of the meson-baryon contributions at Q² ≥ 1.8 GeV² from the dynamical coupled-channel model.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Theoretical quasar emission-line ratios. V - Balmer continuum emission

Isothermal, isobaric models of quasar emission line regions are presented which include an improved treatment of radiative transfer in the bound-free continua, based on a generalization of frequency-integrated line transfer techniques and on the use of a probabilistic radiative transfer equation which explicitly distinguishes between the flux divergence coefficient and the photon escape probability. It is found that Balmer continuum emission can be obtained without compromising observed line ratios. It is also established that optically thin or thick Balmer continuum emission models with blended Fe II line are consistent with 4000-2000 A 'blue bump' observations, and that the improved radiative transfer treatment makes order-of-magnitude corrections to level populations and local cooling rates calculated with past techniques.

Puetter, R. C.↗

Binary collision rates of relativistic thermal plasmas. II - Spectra

Spectra of importance for the analysis of relativistic thermal plasmas are numerically calculated assuming a thermal form for the particle distribution functions. Complete sets of optically thin thermal electron-proton, electron-electron, and electron-positron bremsstrahlung spectra are calculated throughout the transrelativistic regime of electron temperatures and compared with approximate expressions for the spectra in the nonrelativistic and extreme relativistic regimes of temperature. A method for calculating accurate secondary particle production spectra in proton-proton collisions from threshold to the highest energies is presented based on an isobaric model near threshold and scaling representations at high energies. The production spectra of charged and neutral pions resulting from proton-proton collisions in relativistic proton plasmas are calculated, and the resultant electron, positron, and gamma-ray spectra from the decay of secondary pions are presented.

Dermer, C. D.↗

Photon induced $K\Lambda $ production on the proton at $E_{\gamma} < 3$ GeV

The associated photoproduction of $K\Lambda$ from the proton for $E_{\gamma} < 3$ GeV is studied using an isobar model in which the non-resonant contributions corresponding to $s$, $t$, $u$ channel diagrams are obtained from a non-linear sigma model with chiral SU(3) symmetry. The model also predicts a contact term and its coupling strength in a natural way to preserve gauge symmetry. The parameters used are the pion decay constant $f_{\pi}$, vector and axial vector current couplings of the baryon octet in terms of the symmetric and antisymmetric couplings $D$ and $F$. In the non-resonant sector, the model is almost parameter free except a common cut-off parameter $\Lambda_{B}$, to describe the hadronic form factors at the strong kaon-nucleon-hyperon($KN\Lambda$) vertices. In the resonance sector, contribution from the various nucleon resonances($R$) in the $s$ channel, hyperon resonances($Y^{*}$) in the $u$ channel, and the kaon resonances($K^{*}$ and $K_{1}$) in the $t$ channel, which are present in the PDG having spin $\le \frac{3}{2}$ and mass $<2$ GeV with significant branching ratio in $K\Lambda$ decay mode have been considered. In the case of the nucleon resonances($R$), the couplings $\gamma NR$ at the electromagnetic vertices are determined in terms of the helicity amplitudes and the $RK\Lambda$ couplings at the strong vertices are determined by the partial decay width of the resonances($R$) decaying to $K\Lambda$. The strong and the electromagnetic couplings of $u$ and $t$ channel resonances are fitted to reproduce the experimental data of CLAS and SAPHIR. The numerical results are presented for the total and differential scattering cross sections and are compared with the available experimental data from CLAS and SAPHIR as well as with some of the recent theoretical models.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Exclusive pi0 electroproduction in the resonance region

We report the analysis of single ?0 electroproduction in the resonance region to study the electromagnetic excitation of the nucleon resonances. The study is aimed at understanding the internal structure and dynamics of the nucleon. The experiment was performed using an unpolarized cryogenic hydrogen target and polarized electron beam with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. The new measurements produce a data base with high statistics and large kinematic coverage for the hadronic invariant mass W up to 1.8 GeV and in the momentum transfer Q2 range of 0.4 - 1.0 (GeV/c)2 with full angular coverage in the Center of Mass system. This data set is currently being analyzed using a Unitary Isobar Model to determine the Q2 dependence of resonance transition amplitudes for several excited states of the nucleon. Preliminary results will be presented.

Markov, Nikolay↗

Multiphase transport model predictions of isobaric collisions with nuclear structure from density functional theory

Isobaric $^{96}_{44}$Ru + $^{96}_{44}$Ru and $^{96}_{40}$Zr + $^{96}_{40}$Zr collisions were performed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider in 2018. Using the “a multiphase transport” model with nuclear structures calculated by the density functional theory (DFT), we make predictions for the charged hadron multiplicity distributions and elliptic azimuthal anisotropies in these collisions. Furthermore, emphases are put on the relative differences between the two collision systems that can decisively discriminate DFT nuclear distributions from the commonly used Woods-Saxon densities.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗